共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
氨氮在垂向河床渗滤系统中的环境行为 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用自行设计的室内土柱实验装置,以恒定氨氮质量浓度为18.27 mg/L的氯化铵溶液为淋滤液,模拟氨氮在垂向河床中的渗滤过程,来探讨氨氮在垂向河床渗滤系统中的环境行为,借以了解河床渗滤系统对氮污染的净化机理。研究结果表明:氨氮在河床渗滤过程中分别参与吸附及硝化作用,主要发生在距离河床1~3 cm处;由于这两种作用的影响,该河床渗滤系统对氨氮的去除率达87%。同时还发现,该河床渗滤系统对氨氮的硝化能力有限,可以考虑向污水中补充溶解氧及添加石灰等强化措施来提高硝化能力。 相似文献
2.
《广东海洋大学学报》2019,(6)
【目的】研究凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)养殖池塘沉积物中氮、磷形态的赋存特征。【方法】于对虾养殖周期的前、中和后期对池塘沉积物采样,测定和分析沉积物中各形态氮和磷含量。【结果与结论】对虾养殖池塘沉积物中总氮质量分数(1131.36±349.00)mg/kg,有机氮平均占总氮的74.14%,养殖中期总氮及有机态氮含量相对较高。无机氮主要为固定态铵,平均占75.71%,可交换态氮主要由硝态氮和氨态氮组成。总磷质量分数(854.17±254)mg/kg,主要磷形态为铁结合态磷(Fe-P)、自生钙磷(ACa-P)和闭蓄态磷(Oc-P),养殖周期内沉积物中Fe-P含量变化频繁,较活跃。垂直方向上,总氮及有机氮在次表层4～6 cm含量较高,总磷、Fe-P及Oc-P均有表层富集现象。对虾养殖过程中池塘沉积物中的氮磷总量未见明显累积,生物活性磷(BAP)在总磷中比例增加,池塘沉积物内源磷负荷加重。氮和磷分别主要以有机态氮和生物活性磷形式存在,养殖过程使沉积物中内源磷释放潜力增加。 相似文献
3.
假单胞菌Pseudomonas stutzeri的生长特性及其反硝化活性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为有效控制养殖水体中的氮素污染,研究了一株假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)的生长特性和反硝化活性.结果表明,假单胞菌不能利用无机碳源进行生长,其在有机碳源存在的前提下可以利用无机氮源(如氯化铵和硝酸钾)进行生长和繁殖,并且与氮源的浓度呈正相关.假单胞菌的最适生长pH为7.0～8.0,最适生长温度为30～35 ℃,生长条件与一般的细菌相似.假单胞菌可对水体中的硝态氮通过反硝化来实现生物脱氮,这种反硝化的活性与水体中溶氧的含量呈负相关.研究显示,运用假单胞菌的生长特性和反硝化活性实现养殖水体生物脱氮是控制养殖水体氮素污染的一条良好途径. 相似文献
4.
假单胞菌Pseudomonas stutzeri的生长特性及其反硝化活性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为有效控制养殖水体中的氮素污染，研究了一株假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)的生长特性和反硝化活性。结果表明，假单胞菌不能利用无机碳源进行生长，其在有机碳源存在的前提下可以利用无机氮源(如氯化铵和硝酸钾)进行生长和繁殖，并且与氮源的浓度呈正相关。假单胞菌的最适生长pH为7．0～8．0，最适生长温度为30～35℃，生长条件与一般的细菌相似。假单胞菌可对水体中的硝态氮通过反硝化来实现生物脱氮，这种反硝化的活性与水体中溶氧的含量呈负相关。研究显示，运用假单胞菌的生长特性和反硝化活性实现养殖水体生物脱氮是控制养殖水体氮素污染的一条良好途径。 相似文献
5.
亚热带泥炭地在水源涵养、碳储存和生物多样性等方面有着重要的保护价值。溶解有机碳(DOC)是泥炭地中容易受到外界扰动的一部分碳，在气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下，DOC可能通过降解或横向迁移从泥炭地中流失，潜在地威胁了泥炭地的碳储存功能。然而，目前对于亚热带泥炭地DOC如何响应季节性尺度的环境变化还缺乏深入的认识。以位于北亚热带的神农架大九湖泥炭地为研究对象，开展了季节尺度的泥炭孔隙水DOC浓度和紫外-可见吸收光谱特征以及环境参数的监测。结果显示，在大九湖泥炭地中，表层0~10 cm的泥炭孔隙水DOC浓度和光谱参数具有明显的季节差异性，DOC浓度和光谱参数还表现出明显的深度差异性。相关性分析显示，DOC浓度及紫外-可见吸收光谱参数直接受控于泥炭孔隙水的电导率和氨态氮浓度，可能还间接受到泥炭地水位和孔隙水硝态氮浓度等因素的影响。以上结果表明，在亚热带季风气候条件下，季节性水位波动引起的泥炭水化学参数和营养盐的变化，可能显著改变表层泥炭DOC动态，需要重视这种季节性波动对亚热带泥炭地碳储存能力以及生态功能的影响。 相似文献
6.
7.
【目的】研究夏季湛江湾陆源溶解态氮(TDN)和溶解态磷(TDP)入海污染物浓度、组成和入海通量特征。【方法】根据2018年夏季(7月)湛江湾陆源TDN和TDP入海污染物现场调查,进行实验室分光光度法分析。【结果】湛江湾夏季陆源TDN和TDP平均浓度分别为(366.87±400.61)和(28.60±37.52)μmol/L;溶解态无机氮(DIN)和溶解态无机磷(DIP)平均浓度分别为(60.90±41.81)和(20.28±34.42)μmol/L;溶解态有机氮(DON)和溶解态有机磷(DOP)平均浓度分别为(305.97±413.96)和(8.32±13.54)μmol/L;夏季湛江湾排污口中TDN和TDP严重超标,大部分入海河口和排污口站位处于劣五类水质,主要位于南柳河、绿塘河和文保河入海河口。DON/TDN和DOP/TDP平均分别是83.4%和29.1%,DON和DIP分别是TDN和TDP的主要存在形态。TDN/TDP、DON/DOP、DIN/DIP平均分别是15.5±7.0、46.4±58.3、14.8±24.3,是导致湛江湾呈现氮限制重要原因之一。夏季湛江湾TDN、TDP输入通量分别为1617.73t和266.32t,其中遂溪河占比最高,分别为71.1%和58.8%【结论】湛江湾夏季陆源入海氮磷污染物浓度较高,氮磷比失衡,陆源污染物输入通量空间分布呈现西高东低特征,实现湛江湾近海水质根本改善必须加强陆源入海污染物控制。 相似文献
8.
《广东海洋大学学报》2013,(6)
采用半静水生物测试法,研究亚硝酸盐氮对红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)(9.59.8 g)的急性毒性及对部分肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,在急性毒性实验中,亚硝酸盐氮对红鳍东方鲀的24、48、72和96 h半致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为201.88、190.57、171.09、159.25 mg/L,安全质量浓度为15.92 mg/L;在亚急性毒性实验中,当红鳍东方鲀分别在5.3、10.6,15.9、21.2 mg/L亚硝酸盐氮中暴露4周时,其肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随亚硝酸盐氮浓度的升高均被显著抑制,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明亚硝酸盐氮会对鱼体的抗氧化能力产生影响。 相似文献
9.
靠库河岸边砂卵砾石层的天然过滤与净化,用岸边或河床型辐射井夺取混浊、高泥砂库河水渗滤而成的优质清水,对满足沿岸大中城市与重点工程供水起重要作用。本文结合场地水文地质条件,对辐射井水量计算公式作了必要修正,计算水量与实际抽水结果十分接近。 相似文献
10.
采用半静水生物测试法,研究亚硝酸盐氮对红鳍东方[鱼屯]（Takifugu rubripes）（95～9．8g）的急性毒性及对部分肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,在急性毒性实验中,亚硝酸盐氮对红鳍东方[鱼屯]的24、48、72和96h半致死质量浓度（LC50）分别为20188、19057、17109、15925mg／L,安全质量浓度为1592mg／L;在亚急性毒性实验中,当红鳍东方纯分别在5．3、106,159、212mg／L亚硝酸盐氮中暴露4周时,其肝脏总抗氧化能力（T—AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性随亚硝酸盐氮浓度的升高均被显著抑制,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,表明亚硝酸盐氮会对鱼体的抗氧化能力产生影响。 相似文献
11.
The research on Constructed Soil Rapid Infiltration(CSRI) system is in its infancy at home and abroad.There are several details about the mechanism and application of CSRI system needed to be further studied.A major limitation in the current research is the absence of degradation dynamics of pollutants,and the height of filtration bed in CSRI system currently determined by empirical judgment lacks accuracy and logicality.To solve these two prob-lems,the soil column of CSRI system was utilized to treat domestic wastewater,meanwhile,the NH3-N degradation dynamics were studied according to the Monod equation,the research of Mann A T and the NH3-N degradation law.Then the mathematical model of filtration bed height was built based on NH3-N degradation dynamics equation in the soil column.It has been proven that within a limited range this model can calculate the appropriate height of filtration bed accurately in order to optimize technological parameters of hydraulic load and the concentration of influent NH3-N,improving the effluent quality of CSRI system. 相似文献
12.
以中国生态系统研究网络CERN长武王东沟实验站的坡耕地和塬耕地为供试土壤,研究了黄土高原沟壑塬区旱耕地原状土壤氮素迁移和时空变异。结果表明:耕作土壤NO3--N为23.1~33.8 mg/kg,NH4+-N为0.23~0.50mg/kg,DOC为9.17~13.38 mg/kg,P为0.18~0.23 mg/kg;坡耕地和塬耕地的NO3--N和NH4+-N主要集中在0~20 cm的上层土壤,中下层土壤NO3--N和NH4+-N起源于上层淋溶迁移和累积;高含量时养分淋溶溶出呈指数衰减型;NO3--N、NH4+-N、DOC向下层的迁移塬耕地慢于坡耕地。 相似文献
13.
To evaluate the influence of wetland reclamation on vertical distribution of carbon and nitrogen in coastal wetland soils, we measured the soil organic carbon(SOC), soil total nitrogen(STN) and selected soil properties at five sampling plots(reed marsh, paddy field, corn field, forest land and oil-polluted wetland) in the Liaohe River estuary in September 2013. The results showed that reclamation significantly changed the contents of SOC and STN in the Liaohe River estuary(P 0.001). The SOC concentrations were in the order: oil-polluted wetland corn field paddy field forest land reed marsh, with mean values of 52.17, 13.14, 11.46, 6.44 and 6.16 g/kg, respectively. STN followed a similar order as SOC, with mean values of 1351.14, 741.04, 632.32, 496.17 and 390.90 mg/kg, respectively. Interaction of reclamation types and soil depth had significant effects on SOC and STN, while soil depth had significant effects on SOC, but not on STN. The contents of SOC and STN were negatively correlated with pH and redox potential(Eh) in reed marsh and corn field, while the SOC and STN in paddy field had positive correlations with electrical conductivity(EC). Dissolved organic carbon(DOC), ammonium nitrogen(NH_4~+-N) and nitrate nitrogen(NO_3~–-N) were also significantly changed by human activities. NH_4~+-N and NO_3~–-N increased to different degrees, and forest land had the highest NO_3~–-N concentration and lowest DOC concentration, which could have been caused by differences in soil aeration and fertilization. Overall, the results indicate that reed harvest increased soil carbon and nitrogen release in the Liaohe River Estuary, while oil pollution significantly increased the SOC and STN; however, these cannot be used as indicators of soil fertility and quality because of the serious oil pollution. 相似文献
14.
吉林西部地区第四系潜水水质影响因素的R型因子分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用R型因子分析法对吉林西部地区第四系潜水样的水化学数据进行分析,识别出影响地下水化学组成的4个主因子。因子1以Na ,HCO3-和F-为主,揭示了土壤的溶滤作用对地下水化学成分的影响;因子2以Cl-,SO42-和Ca2 为主,反映蒸发浓缩作用对地下水化学成分的影响;因子3以K 和pH值为主,代表地下水的弱碱环境地球化学背景;因子4以NO3-为主,反映了人类活动(化肥和农药的广泛施用、大中城市的生活污水和工业污水的污染)对地下水化学成分的影响作用。 相似文献
15.
Spatial and temporal patterns of soil nitrogen distribution under different land uses in a watershed in the hilly area of purple soil, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Quantification of soil spatial and temporal variability at watershed scale is important in ecological modeling, precision agriculture, and natural resources management. The spatio-temporal variations of soil nitrogen under different land uses in a small watershed (12.10 km2) in the hilly area of purple soil at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in southwestern China were investigated by using conventional statistics, geostatistics, and a geographical information system in order to provide information for land management and control of environmental issues. A total of 552 soil samples (0 to 15 cm) from 276 sites within the watershed were collected in April and August of 2011, and analyzed for soil total nitrogen (STN) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N). We compared spatial variations of STN and NO3-N under different land uses as well as the temporal variations in April (dry season) and August (rainy season). Results showed that STN contents were deeply affected by land-use types; median STN values ranged from 0.94 to 1.27 g·kg?1, and STN contents decreased in the following order: paddy field > forestland > sloping cropland. No significant difference was found for STN contents between April and August under the same land use. However, NO3-N contents were 23.26, 10.58, and 26.19 mg·kg?1 in April, and 1.34, 8.51, and 3.00 mg·kg?1 in August for the paddy field, sloping cropland and forestland, respectively. Nugget ratios for STN indicated moderate spatial dependence in the paddy field and sloping cropland, and a strong spatial dependence in forestland. The processes of nitrogen movement, transformation, absorption of plant were deeply influenced by land use types; as a result, great changes of soil nitrogen levels at spatial and temporal scales were demonstrated in the studied watershed. 相似文献
16.
Sven GRASHEY-JANSEN Martin KUBA Bernd CYFFKA müt HALIK Tayierjiang AISHAN 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,(6):647-657
The floodplain -egetation of the Tarim River in Northwest China is strongly influenced by irrigated agriculture. The abstrac- tion of river water disturbs; the natural dynamics of the floodplain ecosystem. The human impact on the hydrological system by bank dams and the irrigation of cotton plantings have caused adverse changes of the Tarim River and its floodplains, so the current stocks of the typical Tugai vegetation show significant signs of degradation. Field studies of soils and statistical analysis of soil moisture data have shown that the vitality of the Tugai vegetation is primarily determined by its position to the riverbank and the groundwater. There exist complex interactions between soil hydrological conditions and the vitality of the vegetation. But the availability of water is not only influenced by the groundwater level and seasonal flood events. The spatial distribution of stocks at different states of vitality seems also to be decisively influenced by physical soil properties. Our results show that the water supply of plant communities is strongly in- fluenced by the soil texture. Spatial differences of soil moisture and corresponding soil water tensions may be the decisive factors for the zonafion of vegetation. Physical soil properties control the water retention and rising of capillary water from deeper soil layers and the phreatic zone and may supply the root systems of the phreatophytic vegetation with water. Keywords： soil moisture;soil texture; soil water tensions; Tarim River; water retention 相似文献
17.
近年来,东北界河乌苏里江我国一侧塌岸地质灾害频发,江岸侵蚀严重,对沿岸居民的生产生活造成严重影响。针对这一情况,利用多源、多尺度、多时相遥感数据及研究区地质图、地形图、地貌图,结合野外实地调查工作和GIS技术,提取了植被覆盖度、工程地质、地貌特征、护岸类型和剖面地质结构及研究区塌岸地质灾害数据,建立了河岸稳定性评价体系;采用似然比方法对饶河段河岸稳定性进行了定量评价,得到了河岸稳定性分区结果;并对分区结果的可靠性和精确性做了评价和验证,发现分区结果与实际情况具有较好的一致性。本研究基于多源地学数据,利用似然比开展河岸稳定性评价,对塌岸地质灾害调查、环境保护和防灾减灾具有重要的理论意义和现实价值。 相似文献
18.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2021,(5)
Comprehensive surveys were conducted in the Kocebu deep seamount and the M4 shallow seamount in the Western Pacific Ocean in March 2018 and May 2019,respectively.The distributions of nutrients in euphotic zone of the two seamount-areas were revealed,and the causative controlling factors were analyzed.Results show that the vertical distribution of nutrients in the two seamount-areas accorded with the general law of the oligotrophic ocean.The concentrations of NO_3-N,PO_4-P,and SiO_3-Si generally increased gradually with the increase of water depth,and they were extremely low in water layers within100 m.The area of high N02-N concentration well agreed with the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum Layer.On the other hand,the distribution of water masses and phytoplankton and hydrological conditions in the two seamount-areas were different,resulting in lower concentrations of NO_3-N,PO_4-P,and SiO_3-Si in the water layers below 100 m in the Kocebu seamount area than those in the M4 seamount area.In addition,N02-N was affected by the distribution of phytoplankton,and distributed mainly in the water layers of 150 and100 m.There was upwelling in the euphotic zone of M4 seamount area,causing accumulations of nutrients and phytoplankton around the seamount,forming a "seamount effect";however,no such an effect was found in Kocebu seamount area.Affected by the composition of biological community and the "seamount effect",the nitrogen limitation in the M4 seamount area was not significant,and the dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN):PO_4-P and SiO_3-Si:DIN were closer to the Redfield ratios. 相似文献
19.
Shaotong Zhang Yonggang Jia Mingzheng Wen Zhenhao Wang Yaqi Zhang Chaoqi Zhu Bowen Li Xiaolei Liu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2017,16(1):15-24
A scientific hypothesis is proposed and preliminarily verified in this paper: under the driving of seepage flows, there might be a vertical migration of fine-grained soil particles from interior to surface of seabed, which is defined as ‘sub-bottom sediment pump action' in this paper. Field experiments were performed twice on the intertidal flat of the Yellow River delta to study this process via both trapping the pumped materials and recording the pore pressures in the substrate. Experimental results are quite interesting as we did observe yellow slurry which is mainly composed of fine-grained soil particles appearing on the seabed surface; seepage gradients were also detected in the intertidal flat, under the action of tides and small wind waves. Preliminary conclusions are that ‘sediment pump' occurs when seepage force exceeds a certain threshold: firstly, it is big enough to disconnect the soil particles from the soil skeleton; secondly, the degree of seabed fluidization or bioturbation is big enough to provide preferred paths for the detached materials to migrate upwards. Then they would be firstly pumped from interior to the surface of seabed and then easily re-suspended into overlying water column. Influential factors of ‘sediment pump' are determined as hydrodynamics(wave energy), degree of consolidation, index of bioturbation(permeability) and content of fine-grained materials(sedimentary age). This new perspective of ‘sediment pump' may provide some implications for the mechanism interpretation of several unclear geological phenomena in the Yellow River delta area. 相似文献
20.
为探讨潜热加热对高原涡发展的作用并加深对水汽与高原涡垂直结构及发展变化关系的认识。应用NCEP(1°×1°)再分析资料,通过大气热源诊断计算,分析2005年5月1~4日和2005年6月23~28日两次高原涡的垂直结构及生命史特征。通过比湿、涡度、Q2等诊断量的对比分析发现:高原涡在东移发展过程中,涡柱内水汽含量上升、涡度明显加强,水汽、涡度上传明显,两者在垂直方向的大值中心有较好的同步性。高原涡未下坡前,水汽通过凝结释放潜热的方式加热大气,高原涡暖中心结构明显。高原涡下坡过程中,其涡度和垂直速度均整层陡增,高原涡区域水汽含量下降,潜热加热作用减弱,暖中心结构消失。因此,大气中水汽的含量和垂直分布状况直接影响凝结潜热作用的发挥,凝结潜热对高原涡发展作用主要表现在高原涡下坡前和下坡后期,是高原涡下坡后是否继续东移发展的重要影响因素。 相似文献