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1.
针对圆走航定位声速剖面测量不准确引起水下控制点坐标解算存在偏差的问题,首先介绍了声速不确定性对测距误差的影响,并将声速测距误差分成背景声速剖面误差、随机误差、测距误差长周期项和测距误差短周期项,再通过分析坐标改正数方程得到不同声速测距误差项对控制点坐标定位的影响。最后,设计2组仿真实验对该理论进行验证,实验结果与理论推导的结论一致。 相似文献
2.
利用有限差分和时间项两种方法对宜宾-金川人工地震剖面沿线8炮Pg波走时进行反演，得到沿测线结晶基底起伏变化特征和上地壳顶部覆盖层速度分布变化特征。结果表明，剖面东南段四川盆地内基底埋深约3～5 km，覆盖层较厚，速度较低；剖面西北段川西高原内结晶基底埋藏深度逐渐减浅至0～3 km，覆盖层变薄，局部出露地表，速度大部分区段明显增大；沿剖面多个部位基底的埋深出现明显的隆起或下凹，上部地壳速度结构横向出现剧烈的上下起伏变化，结晶基底界面起伏变化强烈的位置分别与该地区分布的龙泉山断裂、名山-成都断裂以及龙门山地区的断裂构造有较好的对应关系，结晶基底速度结构和界面形态变化特征为该区活动断裂构造深浅耦合关系和强震孕育机制研究提供参考。 相似文献
3.
The Pearl River Estuary area, located in the middle part of the southern China coastal seismic belt, has long been considered a potential source of strong earthquakes above magnitude 7.0. To scientifically assess the potential strong earthquake risk in this area, a three-dimensional artificial seismic sounding experiment, consisting of a receiving array and seabed seismograph, was performed to reveal the deep crustal structure in this region. We used artificial ship-borne air-gun excitation shots as sources, and fixed and mobile stations as receivers to record seismic data from May to August 2015. This paper presents results along a line from the western side of the Pearl River Estuary to the western side of the Baijing-Gaoming-Jinwan profile. A two-dimensional velocity structure was constructed using seismic travel-time tomography. The inversion results show that the Moho depth is 27 km in the coastal area and 30 km in the northwest of the Pearl River Estuary area, indicating that the crust thins from land to sea. Two structural discontinuities and multiple low-velocity anomalies appear in the crustal section. Inside both discontinuity zones, a low-velocity layer, with a minimum velocity of 6.05 km s~(-1), exists at a depth of about 15 km, and another, with a minimum velocity of 6.37 km s~(-1), exists at a depth of about 21.5 km between the middle and lower crust. These low velocities suggest that the discontinuities may consist of partly molten material. Earthquakes with magnitudes higher than 5.0 occurred in the low-velocity layer along the profile. The deep Kaiping-Enping fault, rooted in the crust, may be one of the most important channels for deep material upwelling and is related to tectonic movement since the Cretaceous in the Pearl River Delta tectonic rift basin. 相似文献
4.
对银川盆地的主要断裂及构造演化、GPS速度场、现代地震活动及其震源深度剖面等进行研究。结果表明，银川盆地受到太平洋板块北西向俯冲和青藏高原北东向挤压作用影响，并处于剪切拉分断陷环境；GPS速度场显示，盆地内断裂南段比北段速率大，2009~2015年的水平拉张变形和剪切变形与1999~2007年相比有所减小，而速率值相对增加；现今地震资料及震源深度剖面显示，地震主要分布在断裂附近，并且地震的震源深度受断裂控制，说明断裂对地震有很好的控制作用；盆地内GPS平行速率和小震活动与断裂活动性具有较好的相关性，GPS平行速率大，小震活动密集，断裂的活动性强。 相似文献
5.
Assessing the slope deformation is significant for landslide prediction. Many researchers have studied the slope displacement based on field data from the inclinometer in combination with complicated numerical analysis. They found that there was a shear zone above the slip surface, and they usually focused on the distribution of velocity and displacement within the shear zone. In this paper, two simple methods are proposed to analyze the distribution of displacement and velocity along the whole profile of a slope from the slip surface to the slope surface during slow movement. In the empirical method, the slope soil above the shear zone is assumed as a rigid body. Dual or triple piecewise fitting functions are empirically proposed for the distribution of velocity along the profile of a slope. In the analytical method, the slope soil is not assumed as a rigid body but as a deformable material. Continuous functions of the velocity and displacement along the profile of a slope are directly obtained by solving the Newton's equation of motion associated with the Bingham model. Using the two proposed methods respectively, the displacement and velocity along the slope profiles of three slopes are determined. A reasonable agreement between the measured data and the calculated results of the two proposed methods has been reached. In comparison with the empirical method, the analytical method would be more beneficial for slope deformation analysis in slope engineering, because the parameters are material constants in the analytical solution independent of time t, and the nonlinear viscosity of the soil can be considered. 相似文献
6.
提出一种综合GNSS及探空仪数据的对流层折射指数剖面反演模型新方法,利用GNSS观测数据直接采用参数估计计算测站高精度ZTD（zenith troposphere delay）值,结合探空数据构建测站上空折射指数分层剖面反演模型。通过BJFS（北京站）、WUHN（武汉站）、WIND（Windhoek站）和DARW（Darwin站）的实测数据进行相应计算与验证。结果表明,该反演模型与基于探空数据的反演模型精度相当,二者均优于Hopfield模型。同时该方法计算简便,且在模型建立后可以大大减少探空仪观测。 相似文献
7.
随着水库在经济社会发展中所起的作用日趋明显,对水库的开发、治理更加重视,获取高精度的水库水下地形数据变得更加急迫.随着测深技术、差分GNSS技术以及姿态传感器的不断发展,基于GNSS的测深系统为水下地形测量提供了全新的解决方案.通过合理规划测线,经过声速改正、吃水改正,利用船载GNSS导航定位和测深仪采集测深数据,经转... 相似文献
8.
由于勒夫波速度与纵波速度无关,勒夫波多道分析方法具有频散曲线简单、能量清晰、反演过程中未知参数少、对初始模型依赖小、反演结果稳定、分辨率高等特点。实验结果表明,利用浅层SH横波反射地震数据中的勒夫面波信息,反演得到近地表横波速度结构,在浅层地质构造、断层位置、上断点埋深等方面与浅层SH横波反射地震剖面以及地质钻孔数据吻合较好。该方法可为地下构造解释提供更多依据,提高探测成果的可靠性。 相似文献
9.
The sound velocity of seafloor sediments from shallow seas can provide important information for harbor design, and ocean and seacoast engineering projects. In this study, in situ measurements were used to obtain accurate sediment sound velocities at 45 stations offshore of Qingdao. The relationships between the sound velocity and granular properties of the seafloor sediments were analyzed. Sound velocity showed an increase with the sand content, sand-clay ratio, and sorting coefficient; and a nonlinear decreasing trend with increasing mean grain size and clay content. We plotted a sound velocity distribution map, which shows that the sound velocity was closely related to the geological environment. Previous empirical equations suggested by Hamilton, Anderson, and Liu were used to calculate the velocity with grain size. A comparison between the measured and calculated velocities indicates that the empirical equations have territorial limitations, and extensive data are essential to establish global empirical equations. Future work includes the calibration of the laboratory acoustic measurements with an in situ technique. 相似文献
10.
Hou Guangchao Zhai Jingsheng Shao Qi Zhao Yanling Li Wei Han Guijun Liang Kangzhuang 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2023,41(1):57-71
It is essential to acquire sound speed profiles (SSPs) in high-precision spatiotemporal resolution for undersea acoustic activities. However, conventional observation methods cannot obtain high-resolution SSPs. Besides, SSPs are complex and changeable in time and space, especially in coastal areas. We proposed a new space-time multigrid three-dimensional variational method with weak constraint term (referred to as STC-MG3DVar) to construct high-precision spatiotemporal resolution SSPs in coastal areas, in which sound velocity is defined as the analytical variable, and the Chen-Millero sound velocity empirical formula is introduced as a weak constraint term into the cost function of the STC-MG3DVar. The spatiotemporal correlation of sound velocity observations is taken into account in the STC-MG3DVar method, and the multi-scale information of sound velocity observations from long waves to short waves can be successively extracted. The weak constraint term can optimize sound velocity by the physical relationship between sound velocity and temperature-salinity to obtain more reasonable and accurate SSPs. To verify the accuracy of the STC-MG3DVar, SSPs observations and CTD observations (temperature observations, salinity observations) are obtained from field experiments in the northern coastal area of the Shandong Peninsula. The average root mean square error (RMSE) of the STC-MG3DVar-constructed SSPs is 0.132 m/s, and the STC-MG3DVar method can improve the SSPs construction accuracy over the space-time multigrid 3DVar without weak constraint term (ST-MG3DVar) by 10.14% and over the spatial multigrid 3DVar with weak constraint term (SC-MG3DVar) by 44.19%. With the advantage of the constraint term and the spatiotemporal correlation information, the proposed STC-MG3DVar method works better than the ST-MG3DVar and the SC-MG3DVar in constructing high-precision spatiotemporal resolution SSPs.
相似文献11.
Estimation of S-wave velocity using logging data has mainly been performed for sandstone,mudstone and oil and gas strata,while its application to hydrate reservoirs has been largely overlooked.In this paper we present petrophysical methods to estimate the S-wave velocity of hydrate reservoirs with the P-wave velocity and the density as constraints.The three models used in this paper are an equivalent model(MBGL),a three-phase model(TPBE),and a thermo-elasticity model(TEM).The MBGL model can effectively describe the internal relationship among the components of the rock,and the estimated P-wave velocities are in good agreement with the measured data(2.8% error).However,in the TPBE model,the solid,liquid and gas phases are considered to be independent of each other,and the estimation results are relatively low(46.6% error).The TEM model is based on the sensitivity of the gas hydrate to temperature and pressure,and the accuracy of the estimation results is also high(3.6% error).Before the estimation,the occurrence patterns of hydrates in the Shenhu area were examined,and occurrence state one(the hydrate is in solid form in the reservoir) was selected for analysis.By using the known P-wave velocity and density as constraints,a reasonable S-wave velocity value(ranging from 400 to 1100 m s~(-1) and for a hydrate layer of 1100 m s~(-1)) can be obtained through multiple iterations.These methods and results provide new data and technical support for further research on hydrates and other geological features in the Shenhu area. 相似文献
12.
珠江口盆地YZ气田群位于陆架边缘区域,气藏埋深大于3 000 m,构造研究面临水深变化大、表层低速泥岩厚度变化大、小范围浅层气等多种因素影响的问题,气藏顶界深度精细预测难度大,给气田开发方案实施带来风险。针对该问题提出一种处理解释一体化的研究思路: 首先,沿目的层及其上部地震反射标志层横向加密拾取地震速度谱,提高速度分析的精度;其次,利用已钻井合成地震记录标定后的速度对地震速度进行宏观校正,消除井震速度系统误差,应用校正后的速度进行时深转换,得到初始深度构造;通过相关性分析法明确井点处剩余误差的主要来源,以相关性趋势面为约束,结合井点剩余误差编辑误差网格以校正初始深度构造。最后,通过校正井点残差得到较高精度的深度构造。气田开发的实践表明,该方法预测的构造深度和开发井实钻深度的误差由原来的10~40 m降至10 m以内,成功提高了目标区构造预测精度,有效指导了该区开发井的设计和实施,降低了气田开发的风险。因此,对于类似地质条件下油气田,其构造精细研究不单是唯数据驱动的速度分析及偏移成像,认清构造影响因素并予以消除也是关键。 相似文献
13.
使用2009-01-01～2017-03-30内蒙古地震台网和邻省台网记录的大兴安岭北段地区593个天然地震的3 848条P波到时数据，应用VELEST方法反演大兴安岭北段地壳一维P波速度模型、台站走时校正值和重新定位结果。联合反演获得的台站走时校正值反映了地壳速度的横向不均匀性及台站下方波速异常，大兴安岭北段东南侧速度高于西北侧；重新定位结果中，震中位置在空间上更加收敛；震源深度剖面图显示，大兴安岭北段西北侧震源深度较浅，东南侧较深，大兴安岭山脊区域震源深度分布下限较深。 相似文献
14.
A shallow water tomography scheme based on the modal wave number inversion technique is considered in this paper. The scheme
is based on the assumption that modal wave number for transpped mode can be measured in a suitable way. The tomographic inversion
is accomplished into steps; firstly, the bottom parameter are inverted by using the bottom reflection phase shift with the
known sound speed profile; secondly, the variation of sound speed profile at different time is inverted provided the bottom
parameters are known. A numerical simulation shows that the proposed scheme works well, and the sensitivity analysis of sound
speed profile inversion is performed, for shallow water environmental parameters: sound speed, density and attenuation coefficient
of the bottom. 相似文献
15.
Matched-field inversion of sound speed profile in shallow water using a parallel genetic algorithm 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A sound speed profile plays an important role in shallow water sound propagation. Concurrent with in-situ measurements, many
inversion methods, such as matched-field inversion, have been put forward to invert the sound speed profile from acoustic
signals. However, the time cost of matched-field inversion may be very high in replica field calculations. We studied the
feasibility and robustness of an acoustic tomography scheme with matched-field processing in shallow water, and described
the sound speed profile by empirical orthogonal functions. We analyzed the acoustic signals from a vertical line array in
ASIAEX2001 in the East China Sea to invert sound speed profiles with estimated empirical orthogonal functions and a parallel
genetic algorithm to speed up the inversion. The results show that the inverted sound speed profiles are in good agreement
with conductivity-temperature-depth measurements. Moreover, a posteriori probability analysis is carried out to verify the inversion results. 相似文献
16.
This paper presents the results from laboratory experiments and theoretical analysis to investigate the development of scour around submarine pipeline under steady current conditions. Experiments show that the scour process takes place in two stages: the initial rapid scour and the subsequent gradual scour development stage. An empirical formula for calculating the equilibrium scour depth (the maximum scour depth) is developed by using the regression method. This formula together with the maximum entropy theory can be applied to establish a formula to predict the scour process for given water depth, diameter of pipeline and flow velocity. Good agreement between the predicted and measured scour depth is obtained. 相似文献
17.
Assessing and managing the spatial variability of hydropedological properties are important in environmental,agricultural,and geological sciences.The spatial variability of soil apparent electrical conductivity（ECa） measured by electromagnetic induction（EMI） techniques has been widely used to infer the spatial variability of hydrological and pedological properties.In this study,temporal stability analysis was conducted for measuring repeatedly soil ECa in an agricultural landscape in 2008.Such temporal stability was statistically compared with the soil moisture,terrain indices（slope,topographic wetness index（TWI）,and profile curvature）,and soil properties（particle size distribution,depth to bedrock,Mn mottle content,and soil type）.Locations with great and temporally unstable soil ECa were also associated with great and unstable soil moisture,respectively.Soil ECa were greater and more unstable in the areas with great TWI（TWI 〉 8）,gentle and concave slope（slope 〈 3%; profile curvature 〉 0.2）.Soil ECa exponentially increased with depth to bedrock,and soil profile silt and Mn mottle contents（R2= 0.57）,quadratically（R2 = 0.47）,and linearly（R 2 = 0.47）,respectively.Soil ECa was greater and more unstable in Gleysol and Nitosol soils,which were distributed in areas with low elevation（〈 380 m）,thick soil solum（〉 3 m）,and fluctuated water table（shallow in winter and spring but deep in summer and fall）.In contrast,Acrisol,Luvisol,and Cambisol soils,which are distributed in the upper slope areas,had lower and more stable soil ECa.Through these observations,we concluded that the temporal stability of soil ECa can be used to interpret the spatial and temporal variability of these hydropedological properties. 相似文献
18.
19.
LI Jianchao LI Guangxue XU Jishang QIAO Lulu MA Yanyan DING Dong LIU Shidong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(1)
A two-month seabed-mounted observation(YSG1 area) was carried out in the western Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM) using an RDI-300 K acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP) placed at a water depth of 38 m in late summer, 2012. On August 2012, Typhoon Bolaven passed east of YSG1 with a maximum wind speed of 20 m s-1. The water depth, bottom temperature, and profile current velocities(including u, v and w components) were measured, and the results showed that the typhoon could induce horizontal current with speed greater than 70 cm s-1 in the water column, which is especially rare at below 20 meters above bottom(mab). The deepening velocity shear layer had an intense shear velocity of around 10 cm s-1 m-1, which indicated the deepening of the upper mixed layer. In the upper water column(above 20 mab), westward de-tide current with velocity greater than 30 cm s-1 was generated with the typhoon's onshore surge, and the direction of current movement shifted to become southward. In the lower water column, a possible pattern of eastward compensation current and delayed typhoon-driven current was demonstrated. During the typhoon, bottom temperature variation was changed into diurnal pattern because of the combined influence of typhoon and tidal current. The passage of Bolaven greatly intensified local sediment resuspension in the bottom layer. In addition, low-density particles constituted the suspended particulate matter(SPM) around 10 mab, which may be transported from the central South Yellow Sea by the typhoon. Overall, the intensive external force of the Typhoon Bolaven did not completely destroy the local thermocline, and most re-suspended sediments during the typhoon were restricted within the YSCWM. 相似文献
20.
利用辽宁及邻区70台地震仪2012年噪声连续波形记录,基于背景噪声层析成像法获取研究区下方10~40 s的相速度结构。利用得到的基阶面波相速度频散曲线,通过马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛(MCMC)法反演研究区下方10~40 km深度处的三维S波速度结构。结果表明,研究区浅层及中上地壳的S波速度分布与地形地貌有较好的对应关系,高低速过渡带更易形成孕震区。中下地壳至上地幔顶部的S波速度结构更多受控于莫霍面的起伏状态及深大断裂。海城至大连最后延伸至辽东湾的区域下方30~40 km深度范围内一直存在一个“弧形”的低速异常体,推测该区域存在热物质上涌现象。纵剖面C-C′的辽阳至伊通段下方15 km处存在椭圆形低速体。 相似文献