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1.
Stephen H. Ewart 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2012,11(2):205-212
To explore the polysaccharides from selected seaweeds of Atlantic Canada and to evaluate their potential anti-influenza virus activities, polysaccharides were isolated from several Atlantic Canadian seaweeds, including three red algae (Polysiphonia lanosa, Furcellaria lumbricalis, and Palmaria palmata), two brown algae (Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus), and one green alga (Ulva lactuca) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and alkali solutions. These polysaccharides were ana-lyzed for monosaccharide composition and other general chemical properties, and they were evaluated for anti-influenza virus activities. Total sugar contents in these polysaccharides ranged from 15.4% (in U. lactuca) to 91.4% (in F. lumbricalis); sulfation level was as high as 17.6% in a polysaccharide from U. lactuca, whereas it could not be detected in an alikali-extract from P. palmaria. For polysaccharides from red seaweeds, the main sugar units were sulfated galactans (agar or carrageenan) for P. lanosa, F. lumbricalis, and xylans for P. palmata. In brown seaweeds, the polysaccharides largely contained sulfated fucans, whereas the polysaccharides in green seaweed were mainly composed of heteroglycuronans. Screening for antiviral activity against influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus revealed that brown algal polysaccharides were particularly effective. Seaweeds from Atlantic Canada are a good source of marine polysaccharides with potential antiviral properties. 相似文献
2.
The chorophyll fluorescence ratio F685/F735 in vivo can be a useful indicator for stress detection inhigher plants and seaweed. DCMU [3 - (3, 4 - dichlorophenyl ) - 1, 1 - dimethylurea] treatment influencesthis ratio. Th effects of DCMU on F685/F735 of marine red, brown and green algae under excitationlight of different wavelengths were investigted. In the brown algae, Laminaria japonica and Undariapinnatifida,DCMU did not increase this ratio under blue light excitation but increased the ratio slightlyunder excitation by green light. For the red algea, Halymenia sinensis, DCMU increased the ratiomarkedly under both blue and green ligh excitation. The percentage increase could reach 50% (undergreen light excitation) and was due to unequal enhancement at the two emission maxima by DCMU. Afraction of chlorophyll which contributed to fluorescence in the 735 nm region was less sensitive toDCMU and was likely from photosystem I of red algae. In the green alga, Ulva pertusa, DCMU causeda slight increase in F685 相似文献
3.
SCREENING FOR ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES IN SOME MARINE ALGAE FROM THE FUJIAN COAST OF CHINA WITH THREE DIFFERENT SOLVENTS 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
Three different solvents viz ethanol, acetone and methanol-toluene (3:1) were used to extract antibiotics from 23 species of marine algae belonging to the Chlomphyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta. Their crude extracts were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Among them, the ethanol extract showed the strongest activity against the bacteria and fungi tested. Four species of the Rhodophyta (Laurenc/a okamurai, Dasya scoparia, Grateloupia filicina and plocamium telfairiae ) showed a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity. Every solvent extract from the four species was active against all the bacteria tested. The test bacterium Pseudomonas solancearum and the fungus Penicilium citrinum were most sensitive to the extracts of marine algae. In general, the extracts of seaweeds inhibited bacteria more strongly than fungi and species of the Rhodophyta showed the greatest activity against the bacteria and fungi tested. 相似文献
4.
Oceans and seas form a large body of water that contains a natural biodiversity. For humans,represents a resource, which makes this a point of interest, from researches to improve the economy. Seaweeds produce many compounds and secondary metabolites that can be used in different fields of industry such as food, agricultural, pharmaceutical and health. Even though seaweeds are ancestral resources, recently it was notorious a global interest in knowing more about its potentials, where biotechnology plays an important role in research. Studies showed that seaweed has many bioactive compounds beneficial to plant development, giving them a great potential as an agricultural fertilizer. Adding seaweeds to the soil provides organic matter, minerals, trace elements, growth plant regulator, metabolites, vitamins, and amino acids and it can work as a soil conditioner. In Portugal, the use of seaweeds for agriculture is important since long time ago. In the past, populations that lived near coastal zone depended on the seaweeds as a family subsistence but, throughout the years, synthetic fertilizers replaced seaweeds. Our work aimed to assess the potential of the extracts obtained from Ascophyllum nodosum and from Sargassum muticum as an agricultural fertilizer.This evaluation was carried out with rice plants(Oryza sativa) and lettuce(Lactuca sativa), in germination bioassays, the culture of rice and lettuce plants in pots, and culture of lettuce plants in hydroponics. For that, seaweed liquid extracts were used in different concentrations in different bioassays. Results show that extracts obtained from two seaweeds, A. nodosum and S. muticum, can be promissory plant biofertilizer at a concentration of 25% and had a positive effect on seed germination, plant development, and production. 相似文献
5.
The polar and nonpolar extracts of Colpomenia sinuosa, Padina pavonia, Cystoseira barbata and Sargassum vulgare collected during spring, summer and autumn were evaluated for their antifungal activities. The phytochemicals of unexplored seaweeds were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometric (GC/MS). The algal extracts were tested for their antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Penicillium parasiticus, Candida utilis and Fusarium solani. Phytochemicals were extracted from the four seaweeds with various solvents including methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform and dimethyl ether. Among the various extracts, methanolic extract showed the highest inhibition activity on all fungal species. Seasonal variation in antifungal activity was studied, while methanol extracts showed the best antifungal activity in spring. Cystoseira barbata was the most effective seaweed, having antifungal activity throughout the whole year. The UV-Vis phytochemical procedure and GC-MS analysis of the methanol extracts from tested species indicated the existence of different constituents. In conclusions, the compounds with antifungal activity were identified as indoles, terpenes, acetogenins, phenols, and volatile halogenated hydrocarbons. 相似文献
6.
湛江海域6种常见经济海藻的营养成分分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析采自湛江海域的粗枝软骨藻Chondria crassicaulis、日本沙菜Hypnea japonica、鱼栖菜Acanthophora sp、芋根江蓠Gracilaria blodgettii、平卧松藻Codium repens、网地藻Dictyota dichotoma等6种经济海藻的营养成分。结果表明:碳水化合物是这些海藻的主要营养成分,占藻体干重的42.81%～66.11%,平均为55.93%;粗蛋白含量6.63%～11.13%;粗脂肪含量最低,除网地藻D.dichotoma(2.85%)外,其余5种皆不足藻体干重的1%;粗纤维和灰分含量在种间差别较大;矿物质含量丰富,其中磷、铁和锌分别在平卧松藻C.repens、网地藻D.dichotoma和鱼栖菜Acanthophora中占藻体干重的0.093%、0.13%和0.0055%;氨基酸含量较高,其中Thr、Val、Ile、Leu、Phe几种必需氨基酸的含量均高于FAO标准;不少种类中汞、镉、铅、砷等含量超出我国食品卫生标准。海藻体内的营养成分含量因海藻种类和生长海域的不同而有差异。 相似文献
7.
The present paper reports on comparative studies of R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) from 30 species of the red seaweeds in Bangiophyceae
and in Florideophyceae from Qingdao. The measured absorption spectra show that R-PE from these red seaweeds have two spectral
types, namely type I having two absorption peaks and type II having three absorption peaks. 9 specise of a lower red seaweed
belonging to Bangiophyceae are all type I R-PE. 3 species of a higher red seaweed belonging to Florideophyceae are also type
I R-PE. The remaining 18 species are all type II R-PE. According to the distribution of two types of R-PE in red algae, an
evolutionary trend from type I R-PE to type II R-PE, can be seen, but this evolutionary process is more complicated and without
a definite line of demarcation between the two spectral types of R-PE. The occurrence of two types of R-PE in red algae is
of taxonomic significance.
Project supported by the Science Fund of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Contribution No. 1357 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. 相似文献
8.
Seaweeds are one of the largest producers of biomass in the marine environment. It has been well known that marine algae, especially brown algae was a rich source of biogenic compounds with antifouling potential that could be ideal alternatives of tributyltin (TBT). In this paper, antifouling potential of the brown algae Laminaria ‘sanhai’ was explored. Firstly, the dried alga was extracted and the antialgal and antilarval activities were investigated. The EC50 and LC50 values of crude extract of Laminaria ‘sanhai’ against diatom (Skeletonema costatum) and barnacle larval (Chthamalus challengeri) were 8.9 μg mL?1 and 12.0 μg mL?1 respectively. Then, guided by bioassay, the bioactive substances were isolated by liquid-liquid extraction. The antialgal and antilarval activities of isolated fraction were improved with the EC50 value of 7.4 μg mL?1 against S. costatum and LC50 value of 9.7 μg mL?1 against C. challengeri larvae. Identification by IR, Q-TOFMS and GC-MS of the isolated bioactive substances revealed the abundance of fatty acids. These fatty acids, most with 16, 18 or 20 carbon atoms, contained myristic, hexadecanoic, oleic, linolenic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. The results indicated that both the crude extract and the isolated bioactive substances had high antialgal and antilarval activities with no highlighted cytotoxicity which made the brown algae Laminaria ‘sanhai’ a promising source of the environmentally friendly antifoulants. 相似文献
9.
于1999年元月在海南陵水黎安港采集卡帕藻，应用HPLC、原子吸收等分析手段，系统测定其营养成分（主要包括蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、矿物质及微量元素等），并与其它几种大型藻类比较，综合评价卡帕藻的营养价值。结果表明卡帕藻蛋白质含量为6.20%，而粗脂肪和粗灰分较高，分别为2.88%和39.04%；卡帕藻中富含K、Na、Ca、Mg、P、Fe、Zn、Mn、Se等矿物元素，尤其是Se的含量远高于其它几种大型藻类。 相似文献
10.
湛江海区8种常见海藻营养成分分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对采自湛江沿海的8种常见海藻的营养成分进行分析。结果显示:碳水化合物是构成这8种藻体的主要成分,占藻体干重的48.22%～69.16%。蛋白质占2.81%～15.44%,平均为9.25%,且蛋白质中氨基酸含量高,平均16.01%,氨基酸组成中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、缬氨酸和亮氨酸含量多;绿藻门种类无论是蛋白质还是氨基酸含量都高于红藻门和褐藻门的种类,4种绿藻的氨基酸评分最高。粗脂肪占0.15%～1.17%,平均0.56%。粗纤维的平均含量近似于碳水化合物的一半。根据蛋白质和粗脂肪的比例,叉枝藻Cymogongrus flabelliformis和盾叶蕨藻Caulerpa racemosa var.peltata均可作为高蛋白、低脂肪的良好食物来源。矿物质中铁、锌含量丰富,介于0.311～1.722mg/g间,铜、砷和镍含量超标。 相似文献
11.
Four bromophenols were isolated from the extract of marine red alga, Rhodomela confervoides by column chromatography and HPLC methods. By means of spectroscopic methods including IR, MS, 1D, and 2D-NMR techniques, their structures were elucidated as (1) 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid methyl ester; (2) his (2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether; (3) 3,4-dibromo-5-(methoxymethyl)-1,2-benzenediol and (4)3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxy-benzaldehyde. Compound 1 was first isolated from the algae in nature, and 1, 4 were found to have selective cytotoxic activities against KB, Bel 7402 and A549 cells, 2 showed powerful antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aurens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 相似文献
12.
Twenty species of seaweed were collected from the coast of Zhejiang, China, extracted with ethanol, and screened for algicidal activity against red tide microalgae Heterosigma akashiwo and Prorocentrum micans. Inhibitory effects of fresh and dried tißsues of green alga Ulva intestinalis were assessed and the main algicidal compounds were isolated, purified, and identified. Five seaweed species, U. intestinalis, U. fasciata, Grateloupia romosissima, Chondria crassicaulis, and Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, were investigated for their algicidal activities. Fresh tissues of 8.0 and 16.0 mg/mL of U. intestinalis dissolved in media significantly inhibited growth of H. akashiwo and P. micans, respectively. Dried tissue and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts of U. intestinalis at greater than 1.2 and 0.04 mg/mL, respectively, were fatal to H. akashiwo, while its water and EtOAc extracts in excess of 0.96 and 0.32 mg/mL, respectively, were lethal to P. micans. Three algicidal compounds in the EtOAc extracts were identified as 15-ethoxy-(6z,9z,12z)-hexadecatrienoic acid (I), (6E,9E,12E)-(2-acetoxy-β-D-glucose)-octadecatrienoic acid ester (II) and hexadecanoic acid (III). Of these, compound II displayed the most potent algicidal activity with IC50 values of 4.9 and 14.1 µg/mL for H. akashiwo and P. micans, respectively. Compound I showed moderate algicidal activity with IC50 values of 13.4 and 24.7 µg/mL for H. akashiwo and P. micans, respectively. These findings suggested that certain macroalgae or products therefrom could be used as effective biological control agents against red tide algae. 相似文献
13.
叙述以礁膜、浒苔为原料试制条片状方便食品的工艺及要点。经过除腥、护色、调味、成型、喷油等工序后,制得的产品为墨绿色、条片状、口感香脆、无腥味、耐久藏。介绍了初步设计的洗藻机和压片切条机的结构、洗藻机的作用机理及干燥设备的选型。把压片、切条、烘干三个工序有机地连接在一起,实现了机械化生产。 相似文献
14.
A new technique is introduced in this paper regarding red tide recognition with remotely sensed hyper-spectral images based on empirical mode decomposition （EMD）, from an artificial red tide experiment in the East China Sea in 2002. A set of characteristic parameters that describe absorbing crest and reflecting crest of the red tide and its recognition methods are put forward based on general pictre data, with which the spectral information of certain non-dominant alga species of a red tide occurrence is analyzed for establishing the foundation to estimate the species. Comparative experiments have proved that the method is effective. Meanwhile, the transitional area between red-tide zone and non-red-tide zone can be detected with the information of thickness of algae influence, with which a red tide can be forecast. 相似文献
15.
Isopentnyladenosine(i~6Ado) was identified, and trans-zeatin (trans-Z) and trans-zeatin riboside(trans-ZR) were detected by high pressure liquld chrmoatoguphy (HPLC) but not verified withchromatography - mass spectrometry (GC - M S ) analysis of cytokinin from the extracts of green algae (Ulvapertusa (Kjellm), Enteromopha compressa and Monostma sp). This indicated that the green algae mixturecontained cytokinin -like substances. 相似文献
16.
通过对海南島三亚海藻的分布和种类进行深入调查,采集和整理了标本123号,计35属53种,并分析了三亚的气候和环境条件对海藻的生长与分布的关系,为三亚海藻的开发与利用提供了第一手资料。 相似文献
17.
Polyc . lonal antibodies raised against LHC II isolated from SDS-solubilized Bryopsis corticulans thylakiod membranes by SDS-PAGE, were characterised by double immunodifiusion, Rocket immunoelectrophoresis and antigen-antibody crossed immunoelectro - phoresis assays showed the antibodies had strong cross-reaction with all B , corticulans LHC II components (even with those which were incubated in boiling water)and showed immunological cross-reactivity with LHC II polypeptides of spinach and the marine green alga Codium fragile. The results suggested that LHC II of different species had similar antigenic determinants and also conservation of amino acid sequences of the polypeptides during evolution, and that the antibodies could cross react with apoproteins of D2 proteins (which contain P680) from B. corticulans, spinach and C. fragile, but not with apoproteins of P 700 Chl-proteins. Our results indicated some similarities in primary structure between LHC II of different species, and between LHC II and D2 相似文献
18.
Combining some information from field investigation of algae along the coastal areas in China and a few pictures materialized from the western Yellow Sea in 2008,authors analyze the necessary conditions and possible water area in China producing a large biomass,some reasons for firestorm,and the possibility of the reappearance of marine bloom green alga Enteromorpha prolifera.The change of habitats and the increase of nutritional levels related to the water area could be considered as direct reasons.It was ... 相似文献
19.
Calculation and comparative study of the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio F685/F735 in brown algae (Laminaria japonica, Underia pinnatifida and Padina crassa) excited by blue and green light showed that the fluorescence ratios were higher when the algae were excited by blue light (440 nm), but reduced obviously under green light (540 nm) excitation. The values also reduced under dehydration but could recover during rehydration if the stress was not serious. The variation of the fluorescence ratio under dehydration was mainly because changes in fluorescence emission at 735 nm were always sharper than those at 685 nm. The ratio was sensitive to stress and has potential as a stress indicator in phycological research. Measurement of the fluorescence excitation spectra showed that the only peak at 540 hm changed apparently during dehydration. It meant that the function of the Chl a /Fucoxanthin protein complex for energy transfer was easily inhibited by water stress. However, no variation of the ratio was foun 相似文献
20.
Four bromophenols were isolated from the extract of marine red alga,Rhodomela confervoides by column chromatography and HPLC methods. By means of spectroscopic methods inclding IR, MS, 1D, and 2D-NMR techniques,
their structures were elucidated as (1) 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid methyl ester; (2) bis (2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)
ether; (3) 3,4-dibromo-5-(methoxymethyl)-1,2-benzenediol and (4) 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxy-benzaldehyde. Compound 1 was first
isolated from the algae in nature, and 1, 4 were found to have selective cytotoxic activities against KB, Bel 7402 and A549
cells, 2 showed powerful antibacterial activities againstStaphylococcus aurens andPseudomonas aeruginosa.
Supported by National “863” Program (No. 2004AA625030, 2001AA620503), Quingdao marine sciences project (No. 04-2-NN-26) and
Key Knowledge Innovative Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX3-SW-215). 相似文献