共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
采用平衡巢式设计方法和人工授精技术,构建九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)12个半同胞家系和36个全同胞家系(每个雄鲍配3个雌鲍),分别测定每个母系生长到8月龄的全同胞个体30个后代的壳长、壳宽和体质量,应用数量遗传学的全同胞组内相关分析法,利用SPSS软件的GLM过程计算表型变量的原因方差组分,估算九孔鲍8月龄生长性状的遗传力以及性状间遗传相关和表型相关。结果表明:利用父系半同胞组内相关法估计的遗传力是九孔鲍各生长性状遗传力的无偏估计值,其中壳长、壳宽和体质量性状的狭义遗传力的估计值分别为0.285、0.264和0.343,属于中高等遗传力,显示出较高的选择育种潜力;基于父系半同胞遗传协方差组分及表型协方差分别估计的各性状间的遗传相关和表型相关表明,各性状间均表现出高的正相关,其中壳长―壳宽、壳长―体质量和壳宽―体质量性状间遗传相关的相关系数分别为0.947、0.934、0.902,表型相关的相关系数分别为0.910、0.791、0.760。经t检验,各性状间遗传相关和表型相关均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。研究表明,以任何一个生长性状为参数进行选育,均可达到改良九孔鲍生长的效果。 相似文献
2.
采用6对微卫星分子标记,分析了马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)白、黑、黄、红4种壳色家系的遗传结构。结果表明:4种壳色家系在6个位点的平均等位基因数为4.17,有效等位基因数为1.297~1.819;平均观测杂合度为0.083~0.212,平均期望杂合度为0.207~0.341;Shannon多样性指数为0.366~0.616;平均多肽信息(PIC)含量为0.257~0.442;4个壳色家系哈-温平衡指数均发生了极显著的偏离,4个家系间的群体再分效应的固定指数FST值为0.113~0.793;与马氏珠母贝普通养殖群体及壳色选育系F5相比,4种壳色家系之间遗传距离变大,遗传多样性降低。 相似文献
3.
湛江北部湾马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系生长模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为检验不同模型对马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系的生长发育拟合效果,分别采用von Bertalanffy、Gompertz、Logistic和Brody 4种非线性生长模型对红壳色选育系壳长、壳宽、壳高等形态性状和重量性状的生长发育进行拟合,通过Levenberg-Marquardt迭代法求出模型中各生长参数,结合各参数的最优值,得出拟合效果最佳的生长模型。结果表明,在马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系的第一年半生长过程中,Brody模型为壳长、壳宽与壳高的最优生长模型,von Bertalanffy模型为体重的最优生长模型,分别有效地拟合了马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系早期生长发育的累积生长曲线。 相似文献
4.
马氏珠母贝选系F_2早期选择反应和现实遗传力估计 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
对马氏珠母贝基础群体进行持续选择建立选系F2,比较了选系F2与对照群体早期生长差别,并估计了选择反应和现实遗传力。结果表明,在第8、14、21和35天,选系F2的平均壳长显著大于对照群体(P<0.05)。在第8、14、21和35天,选择反应和现实遗传力变化范围分别为0.63～0.89和0.36～0.51。本研究表明利用群体选择可以明显改良马氏珠母贝养殖群体的生长性状。 相似文献
5.
以马氏珠母贝快速生长选系F3为材料,以常规技术插核操作并进行海区养殖,育珠期结束,测量育珠母贝的壳长、壳高、壳宽、总质量与壳质量共5个生长性状指标,以及商品珍珠质量与珍珠层厚度,分析育珠贝生长性状指标与珍珠层厚度及珍珠质量的相关性。结果表明:马氏珠母贝的生长性状与珍珠层厚度及珍珠质量均存在极显著相关性(p值<0.01);壳长、壳高、壳宽、总质量、壳质量与珍珠层厚度的相关系数分别为0.481、0.412、0.418、0.457、0.456;壳长、壳高、壳宽、总质量、壳质量与珍珠质量的相关系数分别为0.467、0.468、0.380、0.556、0.644。通过改良马氏珠母贝养殖群体的生长性状能够有效提高珍珠的质量。 相似文献
6.
《广东海洋大学学报》2017,(1)
以黑、白、红、黄4种壳色马氏珠母贝选育系F6代为亲本,选取4种壳色最纯的雌雄个体各1个,采用解剖授精法和双列杂交的方法繁育子代,建立了6个杂交组合,包括4个自交组及12个正反交组。结果表明,马氏珠母贝壳色由背景色基因和前景色基因共同表达而成,位于不同的基因位点上;经过连续7代选育的4种壳色纯化度较高,壳色可以稳定遗传给下一代,其遗传规律比较复杂。黄色和白色为马氏珠母贝的背景色,白壳色贝存在母系遗传,若为隐性纯合含致死基因,黄色相对白色为显性;黑色和红色为马氏珠母贝前景色,相对无前景色为显性,黑色与红色共显。 相似文献
7.
《广东海洋大学学报》2015,(4)
从马氏珠母贝F6代选育系中挑选红色闭壳肌雌雄亲本,构建了12个全同胞家系,利用Kung育种值与综合评定值Pi对家系进行了评定。结果表明,幼虫期阶段R2和R6家系的累积存活率显著高于其他家系(P0.05),R2和R6是壳长、壳高生长速率最快的两支家系。养成期阶段,各家系4个生长性状的生长速率差异显著(P0.05),R6、R2是生长性状最优的两支家系;R2、R6家系累积存活率显著大于对照组以及其余家系。红色闭壳肌F1代家系闭壳肌颜色表型率为R2、R6家系最高,分别为51%、50%。R2、R6家系的综合评定值Pi为最大,为两支性状优良家系。 相似文献
8.
马氏珠母贝壳长生长模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以Cp统计量作为确定马氏珠母贝壳长最优生长模型的准则,通过Levenberg-Marquardt迭代法求出模型中各生长参数,用Brody、von Bertalanffy、Gompertz、Logistic和Richards 5个生长模型对马氏珠母贝壳长的生长进行了拟合。结果表明,在马氏珠母贝生长的第一年中,壳长生长过程遵循Brody生长模型,其壳长生长极限值为56.572 mm(43.807～69.337,95%置信区间)。 相似文献
9.
《广东海洋大学学报》2015,(4)
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)基因表达可反映生物对环境压力的抗逆能力。采用中心复合设计和响应曲面分析法研究不同温度(18~34℃)、盐度(20~40)对4种壳色马氏珠母贝GPX基因表达量的影响。结果表明,马氏珠母贝4种壳色群体GPX基因表达量随着温度和盐度的升高,呈现先降低后升高的趋势。温度的一次、二次效应对4种壳色马氏珠母贝GPX基因表达的影响有统计学意义(P0.01)。盐度的一次效应仅对黑壳色马氏珠母贝GPX基因表达影响有统计学意义(P0.05);盐度的二次效应对白壳色马氏珠母贝GPX基因表达的影响有统计学意义(P0.05),对黑、红、黄壳色马氏珠母贝GPX基因表达的影响有统计学意义(P0.01)。温盐协同效应对黑、红、黄壳色马氏珠母贝GPX基因表达的影响有统计学意义(P0.05),且温度的效应大于盐度效应。经响应曲面分析法和优化,得到马氏珠母贝的GPX基因表达量在适宜的温度、盐度范围内呈峰值变化,白、黑、红、黄等4种壳色马氏珠母贝分别在(21.4℃,30.1)、(24.8℃,28.5)、(25.2℃,30.5)、(25.1℃,29.7)等温盐度组合条件下达到最优(低)值(0.072、0.065、0.057、0.078),满意度分别为100%、100%、97%、100%。所建立回归模型方程的决定系数R2范围为0.971 3~0.995 8,校正决定系数R2范围为0.942 6~0.991 5,预测决定系数R2范围为0.713 9~0.968 0,模型拟合度高,模型恰当,可用于预测温度、盐度对4种壳色马氏珠母贝GPX基因表达量的影响。 相似文献
10.
马氏珠母贝黄壳色选育系G_1遗传结构的ISSR分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
挑选11个黄壳色的马氏珠母贝养殖个体为亲本繁殖子代群体,并随机选取50个体为亲本,建立对照群体。采用ISSR分子标记对马氏珠母贝黄壳色群体和对照群体的遗传结构差异进行分析。结果表明,黄壳色和对照群体的遗传多样性分别为0.358 7和0.373 3,多态位点比例分别为86.89%和90.16%;群体间遗传分化系数为3.75%。可见,经过一代选择后,黄壳色群体遗传结构指标略低于对照群体,但两个群体未发生明显分化。 相似文献
11.
Zhongming Huo Xiaotong Li Qian Sun Yongren Li Xuekai Zhang Xiwu Yan Feng Yang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2016,15(6):1046-1050
In this study, the method of divergent selection was employed to test the larval and juvenile growth performance within a full-sib family of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. The 10% largest and 10% smallest clam individuals (on the basis of shell length) of a full-sib family were selected as parents for the fast and slow growing lines, respectively. The difference in shell length was significant among the three lines (fast, control, and slow) tested. The sequence of shell length were fast line > control line > slow line. The responses to selection, realized heritability, and genetic gain were 0.06%–0.81%, 0.04%–0.47% and 0.58%–18.89% in the fast direction, respectively; and were 0.14%–1.27%, 0.08%–0.73%, and 0.31%–49.03% in the slow direction, respectively. The results suggested that there was a large portion of additive genetic variance affecting the growth in the full-sib family. Selection in the fast direction within the full-sib family would greatly improve the growth of R. philippinarum. 相似文献
12.
马氏珠母贝胚胎和早期幼虫冷冻的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
0～4℃下,不同发育时期的马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)胚胎和幼虫在不同浓度的DMSO抗冻保护液中放置30min后,置室温恢复,并以不同浓度的DMSO作为抗冻保护液,通过缓慢降温对不同发育时期的胚胎和早期幼虫进行超低温(-196℃)冷冻、35℃水浴快速解冻。结果表明:低温下DMSO对胚胎和早期幼虫活力影响较弱;马氏珠母贝的囊胚和担轮幼虫存活率较低。当DMSO体积分数为14%时,原肠胚的存活率为10%左右,且部分胚胎能够继续发育至D形幼虫;当DMSO体积分数为14%、16%时,解冻后的D形幼虫存活率超过49.9%,其中大部分存活48h以上。 相似文献
13.
Five full-sib families of the Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas) larvae were used to study the mode of inheritance at eight microsatellite loci,and the feasibility of these markers for kinship estimate was also examined.All eight microsatellite loci were compatible with Mendelian inheritance.Neither evidence of sex-linked barriers to transmission nor evidence of major barriers to fertilization between gametes from the parents was shown.Three of the eight loci showed the presence of null alleles in four families,demonstrating the need to conduct comprehensive species-specific inheritance studies for microsatellite loci used in population genetic studies.Although the null allele heterozygotes were considered as homozygotes in the calculation of genetic distance,offspring from five full-sib families were unambiguously discriminated in the neighbor-joining dendrogram.This result indicates that the microsatellite markers may be capable of discriminating between related and unrelated oyster larvae in the absence of pedigree information,and is applicable to the investigation of the effective number of parents contributing to the hatchery population of the Pacific oyster. 相似文献
14.
采用室内实验生态学方法对马氏珠母贝的耗氧率和排氨率进行了研究。结果表明:在温度13～33℃范围内,马氏珠母贝的耗氧率和排氨率均与体重呈负相关,可用Y=aW表示;在13～28℃温度范围内,马氏珠母贝-b的耗氧率随温度的升高而增加,28℃时,耗氧率达最大值,温度升高至33℃时,耗氧率反而下降,而排氨率在此温度范围内则呈持续升高趋势;在13～28℃温度范围内,马氏珠母贝呼吸和排泄Q10值分别为1.51～2.71和1.03～2.73,且在该温度范围内,马氏珠母贝的耗氧率和排氨率的比值范围为7.29～13.14。方差分析表明,体重、温度及二者的交互作用对马氏珠母贝的耗氧率和排氨率均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。马氏珠母贝的日常代谢高于标准代谢,耗氧率和排氨率平均值分别提高40.8%和59.1%。 相似文献
15.
马氏珠母贝经济性状对体重决定效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用通径分析方法研究了不同养殖区马氏珠母贝各分性状对体重的决定效应。结果表明:流沙养殖群体分性状壳长、壳高、壳宽、铰合线长、软体部重和闭壳肌重与体重间呈正相关(P<0.01),对体重的直接决定效应分别为0.091、0.072、0.029、0.002、0.089和0.001,间接决定效应分别为0.319、0.284、0.183、0.03、0.304和0.004,总决定效应分别为0.41、0.356、0.212、0.032、0.393和0.005;6个经济性状与体重间的关系在抽样断面上可用线性回归模型拟合,复相关系数达0.939(P<0.01)。6个性状3类决定效应按大小排列均为壳长>软体部重>壳宽>壳高>铰合线长>闭壳肌重。迈陈养殖群体作为验证群体,各效应值与前者有差异,但3类决定效应大小排序与前者完全相同。基于决定效应大小及性状易测性,育种目标性状的选择策略为首选壳长,二选壳高,三选壳宽。研究还发现壳宽对软体部重具有最大的决定效应,提出加大壳宽选择强度以培育大型珍珠新观点。 相似文献
16.
Jee-Hoon Kim Ok Hwan Yu Eun Jin Yang Sung-Ho Kang Won Kim Eun Jung Choy 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,34(6):1191-1198
The venerid clam (Mactra veneriformis Reeve 1854) is one of the main cultured bivalve species in intertidal and shallow subtidal ecosystems along the west coast of Korea. To understand the effects of ocean acidification on the early life stages of Korean clams, we investigated shell growth and abnormality rates and types in the D-shaped, umbonate veliger, and pediveliger stages of the venerid clam M. veneriformis during exposure to elevated seawater pCO2. In particular, we examined abnormal types of larval shell morphology categorized as shell deformations, shell distortions, and shell fissures. Specimens were incubated in seawater equilibrated with bubbled CO2-enriched air at (400±25)×10-6 (ambient control), (800±25)×10-6 (high pCO2), or (1 200±28)×10-6 (extremely high pCO2), the atmospheric CO2 concentrations predicted for the years 2014, 2084, and 2154 (70-year intervals; two human generations), respectively, in the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario. The mean shell lengths of larvae were significantly decreased in the high and extremely high pCO2 groups compared with the ambient control groups. Furthermore, under high and extremely high pCO2 conditions, the cultures exhibited significantly increased abundances of abnormal larvae and increased severity of abnormalities compared with the ambient control. In the umbonate veliger stage of the experimental larvae, the most common abnormalities were shell deformations, distortions, and fissures; on the other hand, convex hinges and mantle protuberances were absent. These results suggest that elevated CO2 exerts an additional burden on the health of M. veneriformis larvae by impairing early development. 相似文献
17.
Five full-sib families of the Pacific oyster （Crassostrea gigas） larvae were used to study the mode of inheritance at eight microsatellite loci, and the feasibility of these markers for kinship estimate was also examined. All eight microsatellite loci were compatible with Mendelian inheritance. Neither evidence of sex-linked barriers to transmission nor evidence of major barriers to fertilization between gametes from the parents was shown. Three of the eight loci showed the presence of null alleles in four families, demonstrating the need to conduct comprehensive species-specific inheritance studies for microsatellite loci used in population genetic studies. Although the null allele heterozygotes were considered as homozygotes in the calculation of genetic distance, offspring from five full-sib families were unambiguously discriminated in the neighbor-joining dendrogram. This result indicates that the microsatellite markers may be capable of discriminating between related and unrelated oyster larvae in the absence of pedigree information, and is applicable to the investigation of the effective number of parents contributing to the hatchery population of the Pacific oyster. 相似文献