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1.
Glacial tills are widely distributed in Tibet, China, and are highly susceptible to landslides under intense rainfalls. Failures of the slope during rainfall are closely related to the shear behavior of glacial tills at different moisture conditions. This study investigates the shear behavior and critical state of saturated and unsaturated glacial tills through a series of drained direct shear tests. The tests were conducted on two types of compacted glacial tills with different water contents and total normal stresses. A strain softening mode of failure is observed for all water content conditions accompanied by noticeable dilation. Dilatancy is found to decrease with increasing water content. Unsaturated samples showed increased rates of dilation as water content is decreased for all applied normal stresses a behavior which cannot be predicted well by classical stressdilatancy models. Furthermore, it was found that the Critical State Line(CSL), plotted on the(e-ln) plane, can be used to define the shear behavior of unsaturated glacial tills at different water contents.The CSL of saturated glacial tills run parallel to this line. The experimental results in this study are aimed to provide a basic understanding to the underlying failure mechanisms of glacial tills. 相似文献
2.
《山地科学学报》2019,(12)
During the constructions of motorways and high-speed railway lines in the Yanji Basin, large amounts of excess mudstones due to the enormous tunnel excavations and slope cuts would be deposited as landfills. Assessing the deformation and permeability of Yanji mudstone became important for the design, construction and operation of the landfills.This paper presents an experimental study on the deformation and permeability of Yanji mudstone by carrying out a series of oedometer tests with loading/unloading cycles. The results show that the sample with a lower initial water content exhibited greater swelling deformation after inundation, a lower yield stress, greater deformation and a higher hydraulic conductivity during the loading/unloading cycles. As the number of loading/unloading cycles increased, the yield stress and accumulated plastic deformation increased, while the compression index,rebound index and hydraulic conductivity decreased.The samples became stiffer and their hydromechanical behaviour tended to be stable after three cycles. The compression curves could be divided into pre-yield and post-yield zones. The post-yield zones of compression curves and the rebound curves could be normalized into a unique line, and the pre-yield zones of the compression curves could be described as lines.Basic equations were developed to predict mudstone deformation under cyclic loading and unloading.Additionally, an empirical relationship between the hydraulic conductivity and void ratio was also proposed. The ability of the proposed methods was verified by the overall good agreement between the experimental results and predicted values. 相似文献
3.
The modern Yellow River delta is formed near the estuary of the Yellow River with the characteristics of short formation time, efficient sedimentation rate and loose structure which make sediments prone to be compacted and consolidate under the geostatic stress and overburden stress. It is one of the key areas with land subsidence disasters in China, bringing a series of safety hazards to production and living. Based on the data of massive surface cores and ten drill holes ranging from 12 to 40 m obtained from the northern modern Yellow River subaqueous delta, the inversion method suitable for the calculation of consolidation settlement characteristics of the modern Yellow River subaqueous delta is discussed, and the consolidation settlement characteristics of the delta sediments are inversed and predicted in this paper. The actual void ratio of the delta sediments at the depth from 3 to 15 m shows a significant power function relationship with the depth, while the void ratio of the sediments below 15 m changes little with depth. The pre-consolidation settlement(from deposition to sampling) of the delta sediments is between 0.91 and 1.96 m, while the consolidation settlement of unit depth is between 9.6 and 14.0 cm m~(-1). The post-consolidation settlement(from sampling to stable) of the subaqueous delta sediments is between 0.65 and 1.56 m in the later stage, and the consolidation settlement of unit depth is between 7.6 and 13.1 cm m~(-1) under the overburden stress. The delta sediments with a buried depth of 3 to 7 m contribute the most to the possible consolidation settlement in the later stage. 相似文献
4.
岩体变形和破坏可以看作能量耗散和释放的过程.由于节理岩体结构复杂且难以开展室内试验,因此无法通过试验直接求取其能量学参数.基于Hoek-Brown准则和岩石能量理论,提出了节理岩体在临界状态能量学参数的估算方法.针对含贯通节理(或层面)岩体,通过修正岩块单轴抗压强度以体现贯通节理的方向效应.采用PFC3D分别模拟小尺寸岩样(Φ50mm×100mm)和大尺寸岩体(Φ2m×2m)的三轴压缩试验,通过岩石三轴试验结果拟合岩石数值模拟的细观参数并应用于节理岩体的模拟.根据节理岩体模拟得到应力应变曲线和能量流,验证了Hoek-Brown准则对节理岩体能量参数估算的合理性. 相似文献
5.
利用多源项目获得的补充加密GNSS观测资料计算研究区高空间分辨率的GNSS水平运动速度场和应变率场,采用地震波形资料,通过CAP方法求解震源机制解,在此基础上使用阻尼区域应力反演方法分析川滇地块区域构造应力场的空间分布特征。结合主要断裂的活动特性,综合分析川滇地区的地壳形变特征。结果表明：1）块体浅部的最大主压应力与地表的最大主压应变率由SSE向转变为近SN向,呈现出较好的一致性,GNSS观测至少可反映20 km以内的地壳形变;2）川滇块体南部的东向滑移和顺时针旋转,可能受青藏高原推挤、华南块体阻挡及印度板块与欧亚板块之间北向运动速率自西向东递减而形成的右旋剪切拖拽作用的顺时针力偶的综合影响;3）川滇块体在综合力偶作用下SE向挤出和顺时针旋转的同时,受到走滑逆冲断裂带的吸收转换,使得青藏高原物质SE向挤出有限。 相似文献
6.
This study aims at exploring the void space gas effect of earthquake-triggered slope instability and providing a new method for studying the formation mechanism of earthquake-triggered landslides. We analysed the basic characteristics, kinematic characteristics, initiation mechanisms and physical mechanical parameters of the Daguangbao landslide, generalized a landslide prototype, and established a geological model and performed simulation tests. Based on the seismic wave propagation theory of rock-soil mass, rock fracture mechanics and the effective stress principle, we found that the void space gas effect is due to the occurrence of excess void space gas pressure when the dynamic response of seismic loads impacts the void space gas in weak intercalated layers of the slope. The excess void space gas pressure generated by the vibration(earthquake) damages the rock mass around the void space with a certain regularity. The model test results show that the effective shear strength of the rock mass can be reduced by 4.4% to 21.6% due to the void space gas effect. 相似文献
7.
新疆塔县地区广泛分布的大规模片麻岩崩塌、滑坡主要是由于长期地震力循环作用下岩体劣化所致。为揭示该地区片麻岩在地震力作用下的劣化损伤机理,采用在不同应力水平条件下对片麻岩岩样进行循环荷载试验和三轴压缩试验的方法,分析了片麻岩阻尼参数及循环加、卸载前后三轴抗压强度的变化规律。研究结果表明:片麻岩阻尼比和阻尼系数随着循环荷载次数的增加而逐渐降低,随着应力水平的升高而增大;循环荷载作用后,片麻岩的三轴抗压强度均明显降低,且应力水平越高,降低的幅度越大;此外,片麻岩内部矿物颗粒的相互摩擦,原生微裂隙、孔洞的张开、闭合以及次生裂隙的产生、发展是导致其劣化损伤的主要机制。总的来说,长期地震力作用下,研究区片麻岩由于内部劣化损伤导致的力学性质降低,是该区域广泛发育大规模崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害的主要原因之一。 相似文献
8.
This paper proposes an empirical formula to estimate the shear strength of hydraulic expansion rockbolts. The field experimental results were obtained from eleven pullout tests to evaluate the results computed by the proposed formula. It was found that shear resistance of hydraulic expansion rockbolts significantly depends on the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of rock, with high correlation coefficients of 0.7651 and 0.8587, respectively. The developed formula enables estimation of the maximum pullout load in an analytical process without pullout tests in the field. Conversely, due to the poor interlocking at the initial pullout load, the measured displacements were higher than the estimated ones. To reduce the interlocking effects between bolt and rock, we recommend preloading of 29.4 kN. Preload allows reducing the distance between the measured and estimated displacement and making two load-displacement curves practically identical with marginal differences of 1.1 to 1.5 mm at the maximum pullout load. 相似文献
9.
TANG Wang DING Hai-tao CHEN Ning-sheng MA Shang-Chang LIU Li-hong WU Kang-lin TIAN Shu-feng 《山地科学学报》2021,(1)
Accurate prediction on geological hazards can prevent disaster events in advance and greatly reduce property losses and life casualties.Glacial debris flows are the most serious hazards in southeastern Tibet in China due to their complexity in formation mechanism and the difficulty in prediction.Data collected from 102 glacier debris flow events from 31 gullies since 1970 and regional meteorological data from 1970 to 2019 in ParlungZangbo River Basin in southeastern Tibet were used for Artificial Neural Network(ANN)-based prediction of glacial debris flows.The formation mechanism of glacial debris flows in the ParlungZangbo Basin was systematically analyzed,and the calculations involving the meteorological data and disaster events were conducted by using the statistical methods and two layers fully connected neural networks.The occurrence probabilities and scales of glacial debris flows(small,medium,and large)were predicted,and promising results have been achieved.Through the proposed model calculations,a prediction accuracy of 78.33%was achieved for the scale of glacial debris flows in the study area.The prediction accuracy for both large-and medium-scale debris flows are higher than that for small-scale debris flows.The debris flow scale and the probability of occurrence increase with increasing rainfall and temperature.In addition,the K-fold cross-validation method was used to verify the reliability of the model.The average accuracy of the model calculated under this method is about 93.3%,which validates the proposed model.Practices have proved that the combination of ANN and disaster events can provide sound prediction on geological hazards under complex conditions. 相似文献
10.
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????1999-2007??GPS???????????????????????????????棬??????????????????????????????-????????????μ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????漷?????????????????????????????????????????-?????????е?????α?????????????????????????壩????????????5 mm/a??????????????????们????????????????????2.4 mm/a?????????伷???????????????????????????α??β?????????-????????????????????????????漷?-???-???????????????? 相似文献
11.
汶川地震前GPS资料反映的应变率场演化特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对中国大陆东西向应变率场的研究结果表明,青藏块体西部（92°E以西）东西向拉张区和青藏块体东部（92°E以东）东西向挤压区反映了青藏高原物质东向流动受到了华北 华南地块的阻挡,形成了空间跨度约900 km的压缩区,3期应变率场结果均显示南北地震带中段位于东西向压应变率高值区。川滇地区应变率场结果表明,巴颜喀拉地块东向运动的增强导致了汶川地震震源区面应变率的集中;在东西向挤压高值区逐渐向东迁移的过程中,龙门山断裂带的东西向挤压变形逐渐增强;旋转率场动态演化结果表明,2004—2007年龙门山南段的逆时针旋转变形强度有所减弱,龙门山断裂带中北部的顺时针旋转变形有所增强;主应变率分布特征由散乱到一致的演化特征表明龙门山断裂带闭锁状态伴随着挤压和右旋剪切作用的增强达到了极高点。 相似文献
12.
基于济宁城区2处钻孔沉积物的物理力学相关试验数据,综合分析地层的物理特征、塑性特征和压缩特征,计算有效自重压力和前期固结压力,判断地层固结状态,研究地层物理力学特性变化与地面沉降的相关联系,并进行地面沉降压缩层组的划分。结果表明:济宁城区204.5m以浅土层的物理特性的总体趋势受自重压力控制,孔隙水压力的变化是相对变化的重要控制因素,次级波动与矿物成分和颗粒分布关系密切,同时也是多重因素共同叠加的结果。100m以浅地层属中压缩性,正常固结状态,100～200m地层属低压缩性,超固结状态,产生原因与地下水过量开采有关,是历史地面沉降发生的主要层位;该区地层可以划分为5个特征较为明显的地面沉降压缩层组。 相似文献
13.
以日东高速济宁西连接线K11段强夯为例,对强夯前后的河堤地基进行了对比勘察研究。结果表明,强夯后,地基土的密实度,重度及干重度增加,孔隙比、粘聚力、内磨擦角、压缩模量明显比强夯前减小,同一深度土层标贯击数有所增加,土的锥尖阻力和侧摩阻力也有不同程度的提高,对比不同深度孔隙比变化的幅度和强夯前后锥尖阻力和侧摩阻力变化曲线,得出了强夯的有效加固深度。 相似文献
14.
沙漠风积沙稳定性差, 采用水泥作为固化剂进行风积沙固化, 是改善风积沙性质和实现风积沙资源化利用的有效手段。以取自内蒙古库布齐沙漠的风积沙为材料, 制备3%含水量的重塑风积沙, 掺入水泥固化剂并充分拌匀而形成固化风积沙, 开展水泥固化风积沙的抗剪、抗压和抗拔承载性能试验。结果表明, 水泥掺量对固化风积沙黏聚强度的提高程度要大于内摩擦角。含水量3%的风积沙掺入6%的水泥经28 d常温养护的固化风积沙无侧限抗压强度平均值为0.156 MPa。固化风积沙扩展基础抗拔荷载-位移曲线呈现初始弹性段至峰值荷载以及峰值荷载后破坏的两阶段脆性破坏特征。水泥固化提高风积沙抗拔承载性能效果显著, 且与基础底板尺寸、抗拔埋深及基础深宽比等因素有关。 相似文献
15.
岩石蠕变特性对岩体工程的长期稳定有着重要影响, 尤其是在酸雨等水化学作用下, 岩石的细观结构遭到破坏, 蠕变特性及变形更为显著。以重庆二佛寺红层砂岩为研究对象, 通过开展室内三轴压缩分级蠕变试验, 研究了酸腐蚀状态下砂岩的蠕变特性。结果表明: 酸的腐蚀和浸泡会使砂岩内部孔隙增加, 导致砂岩在第一级荷载下会产生较大的瞬时应变和蠕变量, 之后瞬时应变量和蠕变量随着应力增加而增大; 岩样受到腐蚀软化, 蠕变破坏强度为抗压强度的76%, 长期强度仅为抗压强度的54%。为了描述蠕变全过程, 建立了一个损伤蠕变模型来拟合试验数据, 验证了其适用性, 可以为岩土工程建设的稳定性提供参考。 相似文献
16.
Grain size distribution of soils within the Cordillera Blanca,Peru: An indicator of basic mechanical properties for slope stability evaluation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper presents results of a study on the mechanical properties of sandy and gravely soils within the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. The soils were divided into groups according to their origin （glacial, fluvial, or debris flow）. The grain size distribution of forty three soil samples was used to classify the soils according to the scheme of the Unified Soil Classification System （USCS）. These distributions have then been used to estimate shear strength and hydraulic properties of the soils. There are clear differences between the soils which reflect their divergent origins. The glacial soils normally fit within one of two distinctive groups according to the proportion of fines （Group A, 7%-21.5%; Group B, 21%-65%）. The estimation of shear strength at constant volume friction angle and peak shear strength of the glacial sediments with low content of fines was made using published data relating to the measured shear strength characteristics of soils with similar origins and grain size distributions. The estimated values were supported by measurements of the angle of repose taken from fourteen samples from two moraines and by shear tests on samples from one locality. The results of the grain size distribution werealso used to estimate the average hydraulic conductivity using the empirical Hazen formula which results were verified by field infiltration tests at two localities. 相似文献
17.
《山地科学学报》2019,(11)
Mud inrush in mountain tunnel is an independent geological hazard type different from water inrush, landslide and debris flow. The intrinsic factor of mud inrush is the instability failure of disaster medium. Its essence is that when the cohesion decreases gradually with the increase of void ratio to the point where the movement of soil particles cannot be restricted, soil particles and groundwater form slurry and gush out. Thus, accurate calculation of cohesion with variable void ratios is crucial for analyzing the reliability of disaster medium. In this study, the disaster medium was regarded as graded soil and a structural model was established wherein soil particles were simplified as cubes and the interparticle pores were represented by the clearance between cubes. On the basis of the structure model of disaster medium, a function between the soil particle distance and void ratio was derived. Cohesion is equivalent to the resultant force between soil particles per unit area; thus, a cohesion function was derived in which the void ratio is the main variable. This function considers the influence of gradationcharacteristics on cohesion variation and is generally applicable to various types of disaster medium. A series of direct shear tests were carried out to determine the cohesion variation for different types of disaster medium with variable void ratios. By comparing the variation of cohesion obtained through direct shear tests with those deduced by the proposed cohesion function, we verified the validity and general applicability of the cohesion function. It is of great significance because the cohesion function can accurately predict the variation of cohesion by using the void ratio, and effectively evaluate the possibility of mud inrush according to the initial mechanical properties of disaster medium. 相似文献
18.
《山地科学学报》2021,(7)
In cold regions, the creep characteristics of warm frozen silty sand have significant effect on the stability of slope and subgrade. To investigate the creep behavior of warm frozen silty sand under thermo-mechanical coupling loads, a series of triaxial creep tests were carried out under different temperatures and stresses. The test results reveal that the creep strains decrease as the consolidation stress increases, and finally tend to be equal under the same loading stress, regardless of whether the stress is isotropic or deviatoric. Additionally, warm frozen silty sand is highly sensitive to temperature, which greatly influences the creep strain both in the consolidation stage and loading stage. Furthermore, based on the creep test phenomena, a new creep model that considers the influence of the stress level, temperature, hardening, and damage effect was established and experimentally validated. Finally, the sensitivity of the model parameters was analyzed, and it was found that the creep curve transitions from the attenuation creep stage to the non-attenuation creep stage as the temperature coefficient and stress coefficient increases. The hardening effect gradually changes to the damage effect as the coupling coefficient of the hardening and damage increases. 相似文献
19.
????????κ?????????????????????μ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????γ???????????4?????????????????????????????????????NW-SE???????????????????????????????NE-SW????????????????????????????????E-W????????????????????????????????S-N??4???????????м??????????δ??2??)???????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????? 相似文献
20.
ZHUANG Shuyu LI Guangjie CHEN Guoyu SHU Youfeng College of Construction Engineering Jilin University Changchun China 《东北亚地学研究》2009,(4):200-203
At present, the mechanism research on glacial lake outburst mainly focuses on the ice quake and ice landslide, etc. To some glacial lakes, the seepage deformation is the dominant factor in outburst process. Taking the Yindapu Glacial Lake in Tibet as an example, using SEEP/W module of FEM software （ GEO-STUDIO）, the authors analyzed seepage stability of terminal moraine ridge dam. The leading role of seepage deformation in some glacial lake outburst mechanism is proposed and proved. 相似文献