共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
用流延法成功制备壳聚糖／PVA共混膜．并进行湿热处理，用FT—IR、XRD对经过湿热处理，七混膜进行了裘征，测试了膜的力学性能和吸水性；结果表明，随着湿热处理时间的增长共混膜的无水结晶峰出现并不断增强。共混膜的吸水性实验表明，壳聚糖／PVA共混膜的pH敏感性可通过控制湿热处理的时间来改变．由于湿热处理不需要引入诸如戊二醛等对生物有毒副作用的化学交联剂，所以该法可望在壳聚糖／PvA共混膜控释体系的后处理方面得到应用。 相似文献
2.
制备条件对聚乙烯醇-壳聚糖凝胶性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以戊二醛为交联剂,由聚乙烯醇(PVA)和壳聚糖(CTS)混合交联得到一种水凝胶,考察了聚乙烯醇和壳聚糖的配比、交联剂用量和反应时间对聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖凝胶吸水率的影响。通过单因素实验,得出了聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖凝胶具有最佳溶胀性能时的条件:聚乙烯醇与壳聚糖的摩尔比为6∶1,交联剂戊二醛的体积分数为0.05%,反应时间9h。测定了该凝胶在不同pH值下的吸水率和吸附铜离子的性能,得出聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖凝胶在酸性介质的吸水率远远大于碱性介质,对铜离子(Cu2+)的吸附量比壳聚糖凝胶提高了33.7%,因此该凝胶吸附剂在工业废水处理重金属离子方面具有一定的优越性。 相似文献
3.
《广东海洋大学学报》2021,(4)
【目的】探究ZnO/Ag复合粒子(ZA)对基于羟乙基壳聚糖(HCS)的Pickering乳液的稳定效果,并通过静电纺Pickering乳液工艺优化制备包埋有茶树精油(TTO)的纳米纤维。【方法】以合成的ZA为稳定剂,研究ZA和TTO用量对HCS乳液稳定性的影响规律;以电压、聚乙烯醇(PVA)用量和接收距离为考察指标,优化纳米纤维加工工艺;以水蒸气透过法和滤纸片法研究所得纳米纤维的透气性能和抗菌活性。【结果】采用质量分数1.5%的ZA和体积分数60%的TTO,可获得最稳定的HCS乳液。最优的成丝条件为电压22kV、接收距离15cm、PVA质量分数10%,此条件下所得纤维的直径约为0.60μm,其对大肠杆菌和金葡菌的抑菌宽度分别为(16.97±0.09)和(15.97±0.11)mm,所得纤维膜的水蒸气透过率为0.21 g/(cm2·d)。【结论】通过ZA的稳定作用,可获得包埋TTO的HCS纳米纤维。 相似文献
4.
【目的】探究壳聚糖处理对腐生葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus saprophytic)的作用机制。【方法】通过光密度值结合菌液澄清度法综合确定壳聚糖对腐生葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,MIC),分析其在MIC与2MIC的壳聚糖作用下的微生物生长曲线、电导率值、碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline Phosphatase,AKP)含量、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)含量、苹果酸脱氢酶(Malatedehydrogenase,MDH)含量与生物膜生成量等指标变化,并结合扫描电镜(ScanningElectronMicroscopy,SEM)观察其作用后对菌体细胞形态变化影响,综合评价壳聚糖处理对腐生葡萄球菌的作用机制。【结果与结论】壳聚糖对腐生葡萄球菌的MIC为1.25 mg/mL;菌体经MIC和2MIC处理后,其正常生长受到抑制,细胞壁被破坏,细胞膜通透性改变,CAT与MDH含量降低,其作用效果与壳聚糖浓度正相关;SEM结果显示,与对照CK组对比,腐生葡萄球菌经MIC壳聚糖处理后,菌体形状不规则,表面皱褶;经2MIC壳聚糖处理后,菌体表面产生泡状物且黏附明显,表明壳聚糖使腐生葡萄球菌菌体细胞壁受损,菌体生长受到抑制,胞内保护酶与三羧酸循环中的关键酶活性降低,细胞代谢能力随之下降,细胞膜结构完整度受到破坏,最终导致菌体死亡。 相似文献
5.
《广东海洋大学学报》2021,(4)
【目的】研究壳聚糖-迷迭香复合镀冰衣对卵形鲳鲹冻藏期间品质变化影响。【方法】分别使用2.0g/L迷迭香提取物(Rosemary extract)、5.0 g/L壳聚糖(Chitosan)+2.0 g/L迷迭香提取物、15.0 g/L壳聚糖+2.0 g/L迷迭香提取物对卵形鲳鲹进行镀冰衣处理,以无菌水作为对照。随后置于-20℃冰箱中贮藏5个月。期间,分别通过硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid,TBA)、荧光比值(fluorescence ratio,FR)、pH值、K值等结合低场核磁共振(low field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)及核磁成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)分析,综合评价壳聚糖-迷迭香复合镀冰衣对卵形鲳鲹品质变化影响。【结果】与对照组相比,卵形鲳鲹经单一或复合镀冰衣后,其在冻藏期间的TBA值与FR值上升缓慢,同时还能抑制pH值与TVB-N值升高;LF-NMR与MRI分析结果表明,壳聚糖-迷迭香提取液镀冰衣处理能减少冻藏期间样品内部的水分流失,其中以15.0 g/L壳聚糖+2.0g/L迷迭香提取物镀冰衣处理的效果最佳。【结论】壳聚糖-迷迭香提取物复合镀冰衣处理能较好保持卵形鲳鲹冻藏期间的良好品质,其在水产品保鲜中具有应用前景良好。 相似文献
6.
关文章 《地球科学与环境学报》1986,(4)
本文介绍了用湿陷起始压力确定黄土湿陷类型的可能性及其优点,并结合工程实例具体讨论了如何正确求得湿陷起始压力值P_(sh)的问题。结果表明,用P_(sh)值法划分黄土湿陷类型,明显地优越于其他方法。 相似文献
7.
坡缕石/聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
坡缕石是一种层链状硅酸盐矿物。具有独特的纳米棒晶结构。是一种很有潜力的一维纳米增强材料。综述了坡缕石／聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展，所涉及的聚合物包括丁苯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、环氧树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂(BMI)和聚酰胺等。制备方法包括机械共混法、乳液共混共凝法、溶液共混法、熔融复合法和原位聚合法。研究表明。坡缕石纳米棒晶的分散在制备纳米复合材料的过程中非常重要，而超声波分散是目前最经济有效的方法。还简要论述了对甘肃某地坡缕石提纯并应用于丁腈橡胶制备纳米复合材料的研究。最后展望了坡缕石／聚合物纳米复合材料的应用前景。并对以后需要深入研究的方向进行了分析。 相似文献
8.
唐九安 《大地测量与地球动力学》1990,(2)
本文提出了固体潮理论值一阶微商值(G′=dG/dt)的新的计算方法——天顶距微分法。文中系统地给出了(重力、倾斜、线应变)固体潮之G′的实用计算公式。作者将这套公式用于拟合检验(NAKAI法),并与分波法(用分波法计算G和G′)和差分法(用天顶距公式计算G,用差分法计算G′)进行了对比计算,文中给出了部分对比计算结果。计算过程和计算结果表明:对于重力,微分法的计算时间仅是分波法(取484个分波)计算时间的1/15左右,对于倾斜和应变,仅为分波法计算时间的1/25左右,微分法也只是差分法计算时间的60％左右。各种方法的计算结果基本一致,但差分法计算中△t的取值须介于1-100秒之间。 相似文献
9.
新型壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物的合成与表征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用甲磺酸作为溶剂兼作氨基保护试剂,对壳聚糖上的羟基选择性酯化,再游离出氨基并对其氯乙酰化,最后进行吡啶成盐,得到新型水溶性的壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物,产物的结构通过核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱进行了表征,从而为壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物的制备提供了一种新途径。 相似文献
10.
《广东海洋大学学报》2016,(3)
以感官评分、细菌总数、pH、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)等作为其保鲜效果的评价指标,研究混合分子质量的壳聚糖结合臭氧杀菌处理对罗非鱼片4℃冷藏保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:混合分子质量壳聚糖结合臭氧水杀菌处理能减少罗非鱼片的菌落总数并抑制细菌的生长繁殖,减缓pH的变化,保持罗非鱼片的感官品质,延缓TVB-N值的升高,延长罗非鱼片的保鲜期,其保鲜效果优于单一分子质量的壳聚糖。 相似文献
11.
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SULFHYDRYL CHITOSAN 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A new adsorbent for heavy metal ions, sulfhydryl chitosan (S-chitosan), was produced by treatment of chitosan with sulhydryl acetic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Its structure was confrrmed by elemental analysis and FI‘-IR spectra analysis. The adsorption properties of sulthydryl chitosan for Cu(Ⅱ ), Cd(Ⅱ ), Pb(Ⅱ), Cr(Ⅲ) and Ni(Ⅱ) were investigated, and the effect of pH value on adsorption, adsorption kinetics, and selective adsorption was examined. It was shown that S-chitosan has good adsorption for Pb(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) like chitosan, is also insoluble in acid solution; has good adsorption kinetic properties for heavy metal ions; and can be used in acid solution. The adsorption capacities of S-chitosan can be affected by media acidity. The adsorbed Cu(Ⅱ) Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) could be eluted by diluted chlorhydric acid. 相似文献
12.
In order to synthesize an improved adsorbent for heavy metal ions, we studied the condensation reaction of chitosan with salicylaldehyde
in ethanol to form a Schiff base. The effect irradiating the reaction using an ultrasonic liquid processor was contrasted
with conventional methods. The IR spectra of condensed chitosan prepared by the two methods showed that their molecular structures
were identical. The reaction conditions, including solvents, ultrasonic power density and irradiation time, pH, and reactant
ratio, were optimized by orthogonal design. A shorter reaction time and a higher product yield were obtained using ultrasonic-assisted
synthesis compared with the traditional method. A condensation degree of 89.63% was achieved using the optimized conditions:
i.e. ultrasonic irradiation at 180 W for 60 min; 95% ethanol as the solvent, pH 4.0, and salicylaldehyde:chitosan ratio of
6:1. 相似文献
13.
Chitosan derived from crab shells,was used to prepare the graft polymer in aqueous solution with acrylamide (AM) and methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) as raw materials and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as initiator.The floc-culation ability of the resulting polymer (PCAD) was studied in waste water treatment experiments.Its properties were determined on the basis of the transmittance of waste water after flocculation.The effects of chitosan and DMC content on PCAD’s flocculation ability wer... 相似文献
14.
Printing and dyeing industry is a considerable source of environmental contamination. In this study treatment of printing
and dyeing wastewater with a new type of sewage treatment agent, fly-ash coated with chitosan particles (FCCP), was examined.
The effects of pH, stirring time, sedimentation time and temperature on color, COD, turbidity and NH3-N removal were determined. The optimum dosage of FCCP and the influence of individual factors on removal efficiency were
tested. The optimum parameters determined using the L16(45) orthogonal experiment were as follows: FCCP (weight ratio of chitosan to fly-ash 1:6) dosage, 4 g·L−1; temperature, 35°C; pH, 4. The stirring time and sedimentation time were 20 min and 5 h, respectively. Under these optimum
conditions, the color, COD and NH3-N removal ratios were 97%, 80% and 75%, respectively. 相似文献
15.
Sulfate chitosan derivatives have good solubility and therapeutic effect on the cell model of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutic effect of sulfate chitosan derivatives on NAFLD. The male Wistar rats were orally fed high fat emulsion and received sulfate chitosan derivatives for 5 weeks to determine the pre-treatment effect of sulfate chitosan derivatives on NAFLD. To evaluate the therapeutic effect of sulfate chitosan derivatives on NAFLD, the rats were orally fed with high concentration emulsion for 5 weeks, followed by sulfate chitosan derivatives for 3 weeks. Histological analysis and biomedical assays showed that sulfate chitosan derivatives can dramatically prevent the development of hepatic steatosis in hepatocyte cells. In animal studies, pre-treatment and treatment with sulfate chitosan derivatives significantly protected against hepatic steatohepatitis induced by high fat diet according to histological analysis. Furthermore, increased TC, ALT, MDA, and LEP in NAFLD were significantly ameliorated by pre-treatment and treatment with sulfate chitosan derivatives. Furthermore, increased TG, AST, and TNF-α in NAFLD were significantly ameliorated by treatment with sulfate chitosan derivatives. Sulfate chitosan derivatives have good pre-treatment and therapeutic effect on NAFLD. 相似文献
16.
Construction of big dams on rivers develops artificial lakes or water reservoirs which conceive alterations in soil properties of the upstream catchment area. An undulating topography and freckly soil properties cause ups and downs in tree diversity, composition and distribution. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Gobind Sagar reservoir on soil properties relative to the distance from it and assess its effect on tree diversity, evenness and their distribution in tropical and subtropical forests. Based on data analysis it was found that the soil moisture and organic carbon decreased along with increasing distance from the reservoir. It played a significant role in varying tree diversity. The sites distributed within0-2 km showed significantly higher α and β-diversity indices. Tree species richness and diversity indices showed a strong correlation(p 0.05) with soil moisture and organic carbon content. Simpson's and Mc Intosh evenness indices showed a strong negative correlation with soil bulk density. Indirect Detrended Correspondence Analysis(DCA) identified soil moisture and soil organic carbon as two major environmental gradients that influenced tree diversity and their distribution in five tropical and four subtropical forests in an upstream catchment of the reservoir. Mixed forests inhabited moist sites andAcacia-Pinus forests showed an inclination to dry areas. Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA)revealed that the tree species in tropical forests were mainly affected by driving forces such as soil moisture,organic carbon and bulk density whereas, in subtropical forest tree species were influenced by elevation, soil p H, EC and clay content. 相似文献
17.
In this study,the water-based ferromagnetic fluid and magnetic resin made from chitosan and cerium complex(MRCCC) were successfully prepared by using the chemical co-precipitation technique and by the reversed-phase suspension cross-linking polymerization.MRCCC presented uniform and narrow particle size distribution as determined by the Laser Particles Sizer.The Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)study demonstrated that there were iron and cerium existing in MRCCC.The movement of MRCCC under magnetic field proved its magnetic property.The swelling kinetics in water or solutions with different pH indicated that MRCCC could be applied in solutions with pH greater than 1.0.The ferromagnetic fluid particles were stable in MRCCC soaked in solutions with pH >2.0.In view of these results,MRCCC can be used as material for separation,clarification,adsorption,sustained release and hydrolysis activity. 相似文献
18.
采用微波辐射加热法使壳聚糖与水杨醛反应生成壳聚糖希夫碱,然后将其与铜盐配位得到壳聚糖希夫碱铜配合物,用UV、FTIR、TG表征产物的结构,并探讨该配合物对过氧化氢分解的催化性能。研究结果表明:壳聚糖希夫碱铜配合物对过氧化氢有良好的催化活性,常温(25℃)常压,pH=7.0的条件下放置12 h,催化H2O2的分解达99.8%,该配合物重复使用3次还保持较好的催化活性。 相似文献