共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
【目的】研究高蛋白棉粕(High-protein cottonseed meal,HPCM)替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、非特异性免疫酶活性及抗病力的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中分别添加质量分数0%、6.25%、9.375%、12.5%、18.75%的HPCM,分别替代饲料中质量分数0%、20%、30%、40%、50%和60%的鱼粉,配制6种等氮等能饲料,投喂初始体质量(0.38±0.01)g的健康凡纳滨对虾8周。【结果】HPCM替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾增重率、特定生长率、成活率、饲料系数及蛋白质效率影响均有统计学意义(P0.05),30%和40%替代组增重率和特定生长率最高,与对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),饲料系数最低,与对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),替代水平高于40%替代组时,蛋白质效率降低(P0.05);对凡纳滨对虾全虾体成分含量影响均有统计学意义(P0.05),随替代水平的增加,全虾中的水分、粗脂肪含量有升高趋势,粗蛋白含量呈先升后降趋势,粗灰分有降低趋势(P0.05);HPCM替代鱼粉对血清酚氧化酶(PO)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性以及肝胰脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量影响有统计学意义(P0.05);攻毒试验表明,随着HPCM替代鱼粉比例及攻毒时间的增加,凡纳滨对虾存活率逐渐降低(P0.05)。【结论】以对虾增重率为判据,在鱼粉质量分数为25%的凡纳滨对虾基础饲料中HPCM替代鱼粉的适宜比例为37.44%。 相似文献
2.
【目的】研究大豆酶解蛋白对幼虾生长性能、血清生化指标、非特异性免疫力和抗病力的影响。【方法】凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)基础饲料添加质量分数0(对照)、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%、3.5%和4.0%大豆酶解蛋白,配制8种等氮等脂饲料,饲喂凡纳滨对虾幼虾56 d。【结果】1.5%组的增重率和特定生长率最高,显著高于2.0%—4.0%添加组(P0.05);1.0%和1.5%组全虾粗蛋白质含量高于对照组(P0.05),对照、1.0%和1.5%组蛋白质沉积率高于其他各组(P0.05);饲料中添加1.5%~4.0%大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高肌肉磷含量(P0.05),3.0%组最大;1.0%、1.5%和2.0%组血清胆固醇含量低于对照组(P0.05);饲料中添加1.5%~4.0%大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高血清中溶菌酶活性(P0.05),添加1.0%~3.0%大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高血清中酚氧化物酶活性(P0.05),2.5%和3.0%组血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性与1.0%和1.5%组血清中酸性磷酸酶活性高于对照组(P0.05),添加大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高血清中碱性磷酸酶活性(P0.05),2.5%组最大;哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)攻毒7 d后,1.0%组累积死亡率最低。饲料中添加大豆酶解蛋白未提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能,添加剂量高于3.5%可导致生长性能下降,添加质量分数1.0%大豆酶解蛋白可明显提高凡纳滨对虾的抗病力。【结论】饲料中添加大豆酶解蛋白不能提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能,高于3.5%添加组的生长性能下降;添加质量分数1.0%大豆酶解蛋白可明显提高凡纳滨对虾的抗病力。 相似文献
3.
《广东海洋大学学报》2017,(4)
在基础饲料中分别添加质量分数0(对照)和0.30%的酵母培养物,配制2种等氮等脂饲料(分别记为Y0、Y0.3组),投喂初始体质量为(1.20±0.01)g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)56 d。提取凡纳滨对虾肠道总DNA,采用Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序比较样品菌群组成和多样性,研究饲料中添加酵母培养物对凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群结构的影响。结果表明,Y0.3组对虾肠道分类单元(OTUs)数量、丰富度指数(Chao1、ACE值)、多样性指数(Shannon、np Shannon指数)与Y0组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);从物种分类树发现,两组的主要细菌类群均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),其中,γ-变形菌纲是对虾肠道的最主要菌群,所占比例达69.48%;从科分类水平看,Y0.3组对虾肠道菌群链球菌科(Streptococcaceae)比Y0组提高4.98%;从优势属水平来看,Y0.3组对虾肠道的乳球菌属(Lactococcus)高于Y0组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);Y0.3组对虾肠道的发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)低于Y0组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。饲料中添加质量分数0.30%酵母培养物可改善凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群多样性。 相似文献
4.
【目的】探究富含谷胱甘肽的酵母水解物对干露胁迫下的凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）肝胰腺糖代谢相关基因的影响,为谷胱甘肽酵母水解物在水产养殖中的应用提供参考。【方法】在基础饲料（鱼粉质量分数17.7%）中分别按质量分数0%、0.3%、0.5%、0.7%、0.9%、1.1%的比例添加谷胱甘肽酵母水解物,配制等氮等脂饲料6组（分别记为G0、G0.3、G0.5、G0.7、G0.9、G1.1）,饲喂初始体质量（0.24±0.01）g凡纳滨对虾4周,测定对虾生长性能指标;对对虾进行干露胁迫30 min,测定对虾肝胰腺相关基因的相对表达。【结果】各处理组对虾增重率、特定生长率和饲料系数无显著差异（P> 0.05）。干露胁迫后,G0组凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺缺氧诱导因子（HIF-1α）、果糖磷酸激酶（PFK）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）基因的表达显著上调（P <0.05）,琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）、苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）和细胞色素氧化酶（CCO）基因显著下调（P <0.05）,葡萄糖转运蛋白1(GLUT1)、己糖激酶（HK）和丙酮酸激酶（PK）基因的表达无显著变化（P>... 相似文献
5.
《广东海洋大学学报》2021,(3)
【目的】研究水解单宁饲养的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)在副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticu)胁迫24 h后的生理响应,初步探究水解单宁对凡纳滨对虾血液和血细胞的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中分别添加质量分数为0%(对照组)、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%和0.20%的水解单宁(HTs),饲喂凡纳滨对虾60 d。对对虾注射0.2 mL的副溶血弧菌(2.5×10~8 CFU·mL~(-1)),感染24 h后,分析血细胞凋亡率、活性氧含量(ROS)、一氧化氮含量(NO)、酯酶活性、Toll样受体(TLR)和热休克蛋白70(HSP70)基因的表达水平;测定血清的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性。【结果】在感染副溶血弧菌24 h后,实验组对虾的血细胞凋亡率,ROS、NO水平显著低于对照组,酯酶活性显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。实验组凡纳滨对虾血清的AKP、ACP、SOD活性,T-AOC和LZM活性均显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。实验组对虾血细胞TLR和HSP70基因的表达水平显著上调(P 0.05)。【结论】饲料中添加水解单宁可提高凡纳滨对虾的非特异性免疫能力和抗氧化功能,阻止氧化损伤的发生,清除机体受到刺激产生的ROS和NO,增强酯酶活性,减少细胞凋亡,从而提高凡纳滨对虾抗副溶血弧菌感染的能力。 相似文献
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《广东海洋大学学报》2021,(3)
【目的】研究含非蛋白氮(L)、不含非蛋白氮(N)的2种酵母培养物对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinepheluslanceolatu♂)生长性能、肠道形态、免疫功能和抗病能力的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中分别添加质量分数0%(对照C0组),2%、4%酵母培养物L(L1、L2组)以及2%、4%的酵母培养物N(N1、N2组),配制成5组等氮等脂饲料,饲喂珍珠龙胆石斑鱼56 d,测定石斑鱼生长性能、体成分、免疫力指标;观察肠道形态结构;用哈维氏弧菌对实验鱼进行攻毒,研究实验鱼抗病力。【结果】养殖实验结束后,N1和N2组珍珠龙胆石斑鱼存活率(SR)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组(P 0.05),而饲料系数(FCR)显著低于对照组(P 0.05)。N2组的干物质、粗蛋白和灰分含量显著提高(P 0.05),而粗脂肪含量以N1组显著增加(P 0.05)。N1和N2组的消化酶活性显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。N2组鱼血清总蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶和免疫球蛋白活性显著高于对照组(P 0.05),而葡萄糖、天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶和丙二醛活性显著低于对照组(P0.05)。N2组溶菌酶、甘油三脂和胆固醇与对照组相比无显著差异(P0.05)。N1和N2组肠绒毛高度显著提高,肠绒毛宽度显著增加(P0.05)。攻毒实验表明,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼对哈维氏弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)的抵抗力增强,N2组的累积存活率最高。【结论】在本研究条件下,以增重率、免疫指标和累积存活率为判据,饲料中添加质量分数4%发酵底物不含非蛋白氮的酵母培养物对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长性能、免疫和抗病能力的促进作用最显著。 相似文献
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【目的】研究广东湛江地区凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)烂尾病主要病原及其药敏特征。【方法】从对虾病灶部位分离纯化细菌,用2株代表菌株对健康虾进行创伤浸浴感染试验,分析菌株形态特征、生理生化特征以及16S rRNA和HSP60基因序列,以哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)和坎氏弧菌(V. campbelli)溶血素基因特异引物扩增菌株基因组DNA,通过纸片扩散法测试菌株对17种药物的敏感性。【结果】从患病亲虾和养殖对虾分别分离获得编号2018B22和2018MZ1的代表菌,两株菌16Sr RNA和HSP60基因序列均与哈维氏弧菌最相似,且均可被哈维氏弧菌溶血素基因引物特异扩增,表型特征亦与哈维氏弧菌相近;两株菌均可引起凡纳滨对虾烂尾病,其中菌株2018B22的致病力较2018MZ1更强,而后者的耐药谱更广。【结论】湛江地区凡纳滨对虾烂尾病主要病原为哈维氏弧菌。 相似文献
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《广东海洋大学学报》2020,(4)
【目的】研究凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)miRNA-184 [microRNA-184(miR-184),记作LvmiR-184]在健康虾及染病虾中的表达,探讨其免疫功能。【方法】用茎环法克隆鉴定凡纳滨对虾LvmiR-184,通过荧光定量PCR检测LvmiR-184在对虾血淋巴、肝胰腺、鳃、肌肉、心脏、胃、肠和眼柄等8个组织中的分布。对凡纳滨对虾注射副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus),检测LvmiR-184不同时间点的响应变化。对感染副溶血弧菌的凡纳滨对虾分别注射0.3、3.0和30.0 ng的mi R-184模拟物和抑制物,检测不同时间点对虾血细胞凋亡率。【结果与结论】LvmiR-184在所有组织中均有表达,在胃中表达量最高,其次是肌肉,鳃表达量最低。注射副溶血弧菌后1.5 h,LvmiR-184表达量显著上调;在24 h达到峰值,较对照组高8.25倍;对照组则维持在较低的水平。模拟物、抑制物注射量为30 ng时对虾血细胞凋亡率差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);与对照组凋亡率相比,注射模拟物6 h后提高62%。LvmiR-184可调控凡纳滨对虾的血细胞凋亡。 相似文献
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在凡纳滨对虾饲料中分别添加大黄0、0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0和20.0g/kg,研究大黄对凡纳滨对虾(初始体重为0.34±0.004g)生长及非特异性免疫指标的影响。结果表明,大黄对凡纳滨对虾成活率、增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率和蛋白质累积率的影响不显著(P>0.05),对全虾和尾肌肉的灰分、脂肪和粗蛋白含量影响显著,全虾的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量以1.0g/kg组最高(P<0.05),对凡纳滨对虾血清碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶以及血清总蛋白量等的影响显著,溶菌酶活性以1.0g/kg组最高(P<0.05);细菌感染实验中以1.0g/kg组存活率最高(P<0.05)。以非特异性免疫反应指标及感染实验存活率为指标,凡纳滨对虾饲料中大黄的适宜添加量为1.0g/kg。 相似文献
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【目的】探明无水保活流通过程中凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)响应急冷(acute cold,AC)与空气暴露(waterless duration,WD)联合胁迫的生理代谢调节规律。【方法】研究模拟产业运输实际,分析联合胁迫(AC+WD)进程中凡纳滨对虾血液和肝胰腺典型生化指标,以及肝胰腺组织病理变化。【结果】AC胁迫后,凡纳滨对虾生理应激指标血清皮质醇含量由正常组(normal control,NC)的(326.90±4.61)pg/mL显著增加到AC组的(427.16±7.92)pg/mL(P<0.05),AC+WD组则随时间延长而逐渐降低。血清葡萄糖含量在联合胁迫6 h后达到最大值(26.31±1.05)mg/dL,乳酸在9 h达到峰值(7.90±0.11)mmol/L。AC及AC+WD组中血蓝蛋白、尿素氮和肌酐含量较NC组均发生不同程度的增加,而总蛋白含量先升后降,总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量呈胁迫时间依赖性下降。血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、酸性和碱性磷酸酶活力呈上升趋势,并在9 h达到峰值。以上生化指标在胁迫复苏组有所恢复,表明AC+WD双重胁迫引起凡纳滨对虾物质代谢紊乱,复苏后机体生理应激和代谢系统发生一系列代偿性调节,且胁迫进程中肝胰腺组织病理损伤特征进一步解释了凡纳滨对虾响应环境联合胁迫的结构基础。【结论】无水保活流通过程中双重胁迫时间依赖性改变凡纳滨对虾生理应激水平和物质代谢,在9 h时可明显造成肝胰腺组织结构损伤,进而影响机体存活。 相似文献
11.
The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations. 相似文献
12.
Cloning, expressing, and hemolysis of tdh, trh and tlh genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) is one of the pathogenic vibrios endangering net-cage cultured Pseudosciaena crocea,Fennerpenaeus chinensis, and shellfish in coastal areas of China. Several types of hemolysins produced by Vp have been characterized as major virulence factors.They are thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH),TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) and thermolabile hemolysin (TLH). In this study, we cloned tdh, trh, and tlh genes from the genome DNA of VP by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).We ligated the three genes into prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a (+),and transformed the recombinant plasmids into Es-cherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The expression of recombinant proteins was induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalacto-pyranoside (IPTG). The recombinant proteins were expressed in a form of inclusion bodies and thus purified with Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Western blotting results showed that recombinant proteins,TDH, TRH and TLH, could be recognized by rabbit anti-VP serum. The three purified proteins were renatured by gradient dialysis.The renatured proteins exhibited hemolytic activity except for TLH in the presence of phosphatidylcholine. These results not only are helpful for better understanding these genes’ functions under a single factor level, but also provide evidence for VP vaccine engineering. 相似文献
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Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature.
During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was
required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs
were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could
for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from
30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population.
However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature
crabs (over 50%) from November to May. 相似文献
15.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2017,(1)
Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions. 相似文献
16.
贺兰山小松山岩体的岩石地球化学研究表明，基性岩的Mg^#为0．71～0．76，接近原生岩浆的值，超基性岩的Mg^#为0．80～0．89，具有岩浆早期堆晶的特征，稀土总量∑REE为（13．03～82．66）×10^-6；δ（Eu）为1．08～1．61，具弱正异常；（La／Yb）N为2．49～5．24，（Ce／Yb）N为3．01～4．97，配分曲线表现为轻稀土相对富集的右倾型。微量元素配分曲线图表现为大离子亲石元素富集。岩石地球化学数据综合分析证明，该岩体产于板内拉张环境，岩体形成过程中经历了岩浆分离结晶作用，后期发生了同化混染，岩体具有寻找铬-铜-镍型岩浆矿床的潜力。 相似文献
17.
18.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2017,(3)
The age, growth and maturation of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis were determined with statolith data collected with a light purse seine from the Bashi Channel of central Pacific Ocean. The estimated longevity of the squid was no more than 6 months for females, and no more than 5 months for males. Growth in mantle length(ML) was best described by logistic models for both females and males, while growth in body weight(BW) was best fitted by power curves. The maximum absolute growth rate(AGR) and instantaneous growth rate(IGR) in ML or BW both occurred at 91–105 days for females and 76–90 days for males. Back calculated hatching dates were from October to January, with a peak in December, although the short duration of sampling date might have had an influence on the result. The lower percentage of mature females(37.2%) suggested that the study area during the sampling date was not a spawning ground for the species. Size and age at first maturity were 183 mm ML and 136 days for females, whereas they were 156 mm ML and 85 days for males. 相似文献
19.
PostlarvalPenaeus orientalis kishinouye were simultaneously sampled at three fixed stations near the mouth of the Dagu River estuary in northwestern Jiaozhou
Bay, China, at hourly intervals over a 49-h period in mid-June, 1984. The purpose of this sampling was to investigate the
prawn’s recruitment into estuaries from coastal areas.
The abundance of the postlarvae varied considerably between stations and time, but they tended to concentrate at the surface.
Maximum entropy spectral analysis was first applied in the study of prawn recruitment and it revealed that variations in abundance
involved a pronounced 12.4 hr cycle. It was concluded that natural tidal cycles had a strong influence on the changes of postlarval
abundance, in contrast with the minor effects of diet and other environmental cycles. A tidally varying cross-river gradient
of postlarval density was found. During flood tides the postlarvae were more abundant in the axis of the channel than over
the banks. The opposite held true during ebb tides. Mechanisms of the postlarval recruitment are discussed in terms of alternating
movements of the postlarvae between the banks and the channels in response to tidal cycles.
Contribution No. 1485 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica 相似文献
20.
Potassium, sodium, magnesium and iodine requirements of shrimp,Penaeus chinensis were studied. Orthogonal design was employed in this experiment. The composition of the basal diet consisted of fish meal,
peanut cake, corn meal, soybean cake, wheat bran, vitamin mix and mineral mix, and supplementations of potassium, sodium,
magnesium and iodine in the basal diet were made according to the L9(34) orthogonal table. The results indicated that iodine supplementation improved growth of the shrimp significantly and raised
survival very significantly, iodine requirement of the shrimp was 0.003%; sodium requirement was 0.87% or less; and that 1.1–1.3%
potassium and 0.18–0.38% magnesium in the diet were proper nutrition supplements for the shrimp.
Contribution No. 2342 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献