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1.
西藏搭格架水热区位于拉萨-冈底斯地块南缘, 毗邻印度河-雅鲁藏布江缝合带中段, 区内出露酸性泉、中性泉和弱碱性泉, 为不同类型地热水中REE分布特征及其地球化学成因研究提供了理想场所。通过在搭格架采集不同类型热泉样品, 开展了样品REE浓度测试、配分模式分析和赋存形态计算, 旨在揭示高温地热环境中REE地球化学行为的指示意义。研究结果表明, 搭格架热泉中REE的地球化学行为呈非保守性, 其ΣREE浓度受热泉环境中富Fe, Al矿物(或无定形态固体)而非硫酸盐矿物的吸附过程的影响; 热泉REE配分模式和形态分布则主要受热储内氧化-还原条件及流体-岩石相互作用的控制, 是其地质成因和总体水化学特征的反映。虽然搭格架热泉中宏量组分水化学特征指示热储围岩应主要为长英质岩石, 但中、碱性热泉呈现的Ce负异常意味着热储中也可能存在碳酸盐岩。本研究为高温热泉稀土元素地球化学研究提供了典型范例。 相似文献
2.
Determination of the concentrations of, 15 rare earth elements (REE) in China continental shelf sediments by X-ray fluorescent
spectral analysis of selected representative sediment samples showed that REE concentration in the sediments is 156 ppm, similar
to that in China loess and Fujian granite, but different from that in Pacific sediments. The shelf REE have the characteristic
distribution pattern of typical continental crust REE and evidently philo-continental property. The above findings suggest
that weathered materials transported from the China continent are the main source of the REE in China continental shelf sediments.
Experiments show that REE exist mainly in the crystal lattices of clay minerals (<2μ) as isomorphs and that REE have close
relation with most elements (Al, Ti, K, Rb, Fe, etc.) related with clay minerals, but have negative correlation with the biophile
elements Ca and Sr.
Contribution No. 1520 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. 相似文献
3.
The Jianggang Harbour-centered radial sand ridge (RSR) is the largest sand body in the Yellow Sea. Its formation and evolution are of interest for scientists of various fields; however, the sediment provenance is uncertain. In this study, rare earth element (REE) geochemical compositions of the RSR sediments together with their potential sources are investigated to identify the provenance of the RSR sediments. The typical parameters ((La/Yb)N, (La/Sm)N and (Gd/Yb)N) as well as the upper continental crust-normalized patterns of REEs can only be associated with source rocks, and thus can be used as effective tracers for the origin and sources of sediments. However, the REE contents of sediments are affected by many factors, such as particle sorting and chemical weathering. Onshore RSR sediments are different in REE geochemical composition from offshore RSR sediments to some extent, suggesting that not all of the offshore RSR sediments have the same sources as the onshore RSR sediments. Meanwhile, the sediments adjacent to the northeast of Cheju Island and at Lian Island near the Lianyun Harbour were not the source of the RSR sediments due to their distinctive REE patterns, δEu, (La/Yb)N, (Gd/Yb)N and (La/Sm)N. The Korean river sediments could be dispersed to the Jiangsu Coast slightly impacting the fine fractions of the RSR sediments, particularly the offshore RSR sediments. Additionally, geochemical comparisons show that the modern Yellow River was responsible for the onshore RSR sediments, whereas the sediment loads from the Yangtze River could serve as a major contributor to the RSR, particularly the offshore RSR. In addition, the offshore RSR could also be partly fed by an unknown source due to some high values of (La/Yb)N, (La/Sm)N and La contents differing from those of the Chinese and Korean river sediments. 相似文献
4.
湖北庙垭正长岩-碳酸岩杂岩体赋存我国重要的碳酸岩型稀土矿床,查明不同于主体碳酸岩（w （SiO2） < 10%）,富硅碳酸岩（w （SiO2）>30%）的岩石学、矿物学特征和成因机制对认识碳酸岩型稀土成矿作用具有重要意义。选取庙垭富硅碳酸岩样品为研究对象,利用电子探针（EPMA）、X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）等分析方法,获得其岩石学和矿物学信息,并与前人研究进行对比,以期查明庙垭杂岩体富硅碳酸岩的成因和稀土成矿差异性。结果表明:①富硅碳酸岩中主要硅酸盐矿物为钾长石、钠长石和石英,与围岩梅子垭群绢云母片岩中硅酸盐矿物不同,而与共生正长岩中矿物组成相似,指示这些硅酸盐矿物可能为正长岩捕掳晶;②钾长石不规则环带特征（成分差异）和全岩高87Sr/86Sr值的特征,可能指示了成岩后的流体作用;③热液独居石年龄（（235.1±1.5）Ma）与华北古板块和扬子古地块沿勉略断裂碰撞引起的勉略洋闭合（246~221 Ma）相关的区域变质事件同步,进一步限定了热液作用年龄和地质事件。与勉略洋壳的俯冲闭合相关的富Sr,Ba构造-热液流体交代富硅碳酸岩,促使Si和REE分别从钾长石等硅酸盐捕掳晶和磷灰石等原生矿物中活化-迁移进入流体,Si的加入可能进一步加强了流体对REE的搬运能力,使得富硅碳酸岩全岩稀土含量低于主体碳酸岩。 相似文献
5.
GRV 90027 is a Martian lherzolitic shergottites (L-S) containing poikilitic, non-poikilitic, and melted pocket components. GRV 99027 is mainly composed of olive (55 vol%) and pyroxene (37.5 vol%), with minor maskelynite (6 vol%) and chromite (1.5 vol%), and trace whitelockite and troilite, ect. In this paper, the mineralogy and petrology of GRV 99027 are reported; in addition, the geochemical characteristics of the REEs and H isotopes in the GRV 99027 are also further investigated. The ΣREE in GRV 99027 is relatively low; HREEs are enriched in olivine and pyroxene grains; LREEs are enriched in plagioclase with a high positive Eu anomaly. High ΣREE value is found in rare mineral whitlockite (less than 0.2 vol%), LREE≈HREE, and whitlockite has a negative Eu anomaly. The REE distribution patterns of the whole -rock of GRV 99027 is similar to but different from that of other L-S Martian meteorites, indicating that they came from different location of Mars. GRV 99027 has a high δD value. Different water-bearing minerals give different contribution for δD value. The δD of phosphates generally does not correlate with water content, and δD has a weak negative correlation with water content. GRV 99027 can be classified as an L-S Martian meteorite based on mineralogical assemblage patterns, REE distribution patterns, and hydrogen isotope. The isotope data of Sr, Nd, Pb, Os and REE from other L-S Martian meteorites were collected to discuss the formation history of the GRV 99027. Similar to other L-S Martian meteorites, GRV 99027 originated from part of Mar's mantle; during one strong impact event about 4M years ago, the meteorites were ejected from deep mantle into space, and traveled for a different duration in space (indicated by different cosmic exposure time), and captured by the Earth later in different time, ultimately falling on the Antarctica as L-S Martian meteorites. 相似文献
6.
Component data of the saline lakes in Xizang were obtained from field observations in recent years (1976, 1978). Laboratory
studies show that there are nearly 37 chemical components in 63 lakes brine and 27 evaporative minerals in nearly 40 saline
lakes that reach their depositional stage. Their formative conditions, distributive properties, assemblage properties of some
salt minerals, and mechanisms affecting the components of the saline lakes are discussed. A sedimentary model of the early
Holocene epoch saline lake is suggested. This work is an aid not only to the understanding of the formation of the saline
lakes in the said area, but also to the use of their mineral resources.
This paper was published in Chinese inOcean. Limn. Sinica, 1983,14 (4): 342–352. 相似文献
7.
Minghui Li Shichang Kang Liping Zhu Feiyue Wang Junbo Wang Chaolu Yi Xiaomin Fang Manping Xie 《山地科学学报》2009,6(4):346-353
In lacustrine sediments, aragonite is a widespread mineral, whereas monohydrocalcite is a rare carbonate mineral. In the cold and high-attitude Xizang （Tibetan） Plateau, where aragonite has been commonly found in lacustrine sediments, there is no aragonite, but low-Mg calcite, monohydrocalcite and trace dolomite. The lake receives solutes primarily from surface runoffs and remains fairly constant water chemistry for a long time. The total CaCO3 percentage in sediments could be controlled by evaporation and inflow of detrital materials. The absence of aragonite is unusual when compared to other lacustrine sediments from the Tibetan Plateau. This could be due to low Ca/Mg ratio, low salinity, low Mg and Ca concentration. Monohydrocalcite might precipitate from the lake water mediated by biological activities. Low-Mg calcite originated from minor ostracoda shell and the precipitation of lake water with biological activities. 相似文献
8.
Diagenetic control of magnetic susceptibility variation in Core MD98-2172 from the Eastern Timor Sea
Detailed mineral magnetic measurements, integrated with grain-size distribution and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, were
made on the marine sediments of Core MD98-2172, retrieved from the Eastern Timor Sea. Values of magnetic susceptibility in
this core drop sharply down-core from ∼3.85 m deep below sediment/water interface and are very low at ∼5.35 m. However, both
XRD and grain-size distribution results show no sudden change in terrigenous input during sedimentation. Mineral magnetic
results indicate that the depth of ∼3.85 m may be an oxic/anoxic boundary. Therefore, the sediments below ∼3.85 m have been
subjected to intense reductive diagenesis, whereas the sediments above ∼3.85 m are seldom affected. The magnetic properties
of the sediments shallower than 3.85 m are dominated by pseudo-single domain (PSD) magnetite, with little down-core variation
in its content and grain size. Below ∼3.85 m, the magnetic mineral assemblages that have survived in the sediments may record
different stages of the reductive diagenesis: (1) the sediments from the 3.85–5.35 m interval are at the stage of iron oxide
reduction; PSD magnetite is the major magnetic contributor, but it becomes less abundant and coarser down-core; (2) the sediments
below ∼5.35 m are at the stage of sulphate reduction; ferrimagnetic minerals almost vanish and paramagnetic minerals contribute
to down-core susceptibility variations, including pyrite as evidenced by high-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements.
However, the susceptibility variations below ∼5.35 m of Core MD98-2172 show obvious periodicity, despite the intense effect
of reductive diagenesis. Furthermore, the down-core susceptibility variations are coincident with fluctuations in the quantity
of fine detrital particles (<8 μm), which may come mainly from the advection of the Indonesia Throughflow (ITF) and/or river
input from Timor. Therefore, for Core MD98-2172, susceptibility variation below ∼5.35 m, which potentially correspond to fluctuations
in the quantity of fine particles, may record the histories of the development of the ITF and precipitation on Timor. 相似文献
9.
应用X射线衍射对青藏髙原东北缘尖扎盆地加让剖面11.8~5.8 Ma的地层沉积物进行矿物分析,结果表明加让剖面沉积物矿物组分主要包括碎屑矿物、碳酸盐矿物和黏土矿物。其中,以碎屑矿物居多,主要是石英、斜长石、云母类矿物(白云母、黑云母),及少量尖晶石、辉石类矿物(普通辉石、锰钙辉石及顽火辉石等)、金红石、刚玉、磁铁矿、钛磁铁矿、榍石、霞石,偶见锆石、石榴子石、锐钛矿;碳酸盐矿物以方解石居为主,白云石占比较少;黏土矿物中,绿泥石占比最高,还有少量赤铁矿、蛭石和沸石。以全岩矿物指标研究为主,结合加让剖面沉积相演化特点,并以磁化率变化为参考,进行系统的矿物学研究,获得了尖扎盆地在11.8~5.8 Ma蕴含的古气候环境演化大致可分为4个阶段:11.8~10.0 Ma,气候干冷期;10.0~8.6 Ma,气候暖湿波动期;8.6~6.2 Ma,气候温暖湿润期;6.2~5.8 Ma,气候干冷期。在约10.0、8.6、7.2 Ma附近,主要矿物占比及组合特征有明显改变,当时的古环境状况发生急剧变化,可能揭示青藏高原东北缘在10~8 Ma期间广泛发生了一系列较强烈的构造运动,来源于周边山脉的剥蚀使得研究区沉积的近源物质增多,约7.2 Ma之后的古环境演化过程主要受青藏高原构造隆升以及全球气候变冷协同影响。 相似文献
10.
鲁西太古代徂徕山杂岩体主要由片麻状花岗岩和钾长花岗岩构成,此外尚发育少量小规模的中粗粒、细粒闪长岩。本文着重讨论花岗质岩石的成因。徂徕山杂岩体岩石地球化学研究表明,片麻状花岗岩为深源(下地壳)花岗质岩浆侵位结晶的产物;钾长花岗岩是片麻状花岗岩在区域变质作用过程中部分熔融形成的,两者具有密切的成因联系。 相似文献
11.
Radionuclide dating techniques characterized by137Cs and210Pbex have recently been applied in the study of lake sediments around the world.In this study,a chronological series of sediment cores was established based on137Cs and210Pbex analyses along with the evaluation of sediment properties,such as particle size distribution,total organic carbon(TOC),carbonate content,and acid-insoluble residue,to study sediment accumulation rates,sediment sources,and responses to human activities in the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve in southwestern China.In terms of the particle size distribution of sediments,silt content was the highest,and clay and sand contents were relatively low.The sediments displayed high TOC contents because of the significant amounts of vegetation grown in the lakes.The carbonate content was also high due to the overall geological background of carbonates in Jiuzhaigou.Carbonate content tended to decline from top to bottom in the sediment cores,whereas the acid-insoluble residue tended to increase.These results suggested that the depth variation of the environmental parameters of the sediments in two lakes in Jiuzhaigou would correspond to each other.The results indicated that the sediment rate of Jiuzhaigou was generally high with strong siltation,indicating that serious soil loss was induced by intensive human activities in the basin over the past decades.The increases in the mass accumulation rate,contents of acid-insoluble residue,and mean particle size during the periods of 1840–1900s,late 1930s–early 1950s,1966–1978,and2003–2006 revealed the occurrence of severe soil and water loss as a result of extensive agricultural expansion,large-scale deforestation,and road construction in Jiuzhaigou.The deposition rate and the properties of lacustrine sediments could reflect the significant impact of human activities on lake sedimentation during Jiuzhaigou′s history. 相似文献
12.
In the mid-eastern China,there are few or no lakes which are in the absence of anthropogenic disturbances,or their sediments remain undisturbed.As a result,the reference lakes distribution and paleolimnological reconstruction approaches usually are inappropriate to estimate lake reference conditions for nutrients.This yields the necessity of using the extrapolation methods to estimate the lake reference conditions for nutrients within those regions.The lake reference conditions for nutrients could be inferred inversely from the law of mass conservation,current lake nutrient concentration,and the loadings from watershed.Considering the scarcity of hydrological and water quality data associated with lakes and watersheds in China,as well as the low requirement of the watershed nutrient loadings models for these data,the soil conservation service(SCS) distributed hydrological model and the universal soil loss equation(USLE) were applied.The SCS model simulates the runoff process of the watershed,thereby calculating dissolved nutrients annually.The USLE estimates the soil erosion and particulate nutrients annually in a watershed.Then,with the loadings from atmospheric deposition and point source,the previous annual average nutrient concentrations could be acquired given the current nutrient concentrations in a lake.Therefore,the nutrient reference conditions minimally impacted by human activities could be estimated.Based on the proposed model,the reference conditions for total nitrogen and total phosphorus of Chaohu Lake,Anhui Province,China are 0.031 mg/L and 0.640 mg/L,respectively.The proposed reference conditions estimation model is of clear physical concept,and less data required.Thus,the proposed approach can be used in other lakes with similar circumstances. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
Forty-eight surface sediments of the southern Yellow Sea are separated into three grain-size fractions. Four forms of extractable nitrogen (nitrogen in ion-exchangeable form (Nie), nitrogen in weak-acid extractable form (Nwa), nitrogen in strong-alkali extractable form (Nsa) and nitrogen in strong-oxidant form (N50))are obtained by the sequential extraction. The results show that the contents and the distributions of the extractable nitrogen in the southern Yellow Sea surface sediments are closely related to sediment grain size. The distributions ofNie, Nso and total nitrogen (TN) present positive correlations with fine particles content, while Nwa and Nsa does not have such correlation. The net contents of all the forms of nitrogen increase with sediment grain size finer. 相似文献
16.
贵州大竹园大型铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征及其意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
贵州大竹园大型铝土矿是中国近年来取得重要找矿进展的大型铝土矿之一。以采自大竹园矿区栗园向斜不同部位铝土矿、铝土岩和黏土岩的样品为研究对象,分析了这些样品的稀土元素含量(质量分数)特征及空间分布特征,研究了稀土元素含量与铝土矿质量及成矿过程的关系,最后就稀土元素对于成因和环境的指示意义进行了讨论。结果表明:铝土矿、铝土岩和黏土岩稀土元素总含量(不包括Y)分别为107.07×10-6、185.00×10-6和246.28×10-6,依次增高,说明铝土矿的成矿过程是一个稀土元素贫化的过程,也是Eu异常和Ce异常趋于增大的过程,即相对于黏土岩来说,铝土矿具有高Eu异常、Ce异常的特征;相对于重稀土元素来说,无论是栗园向斜西翼还是东翼,铝土矿轻稀土元素相对富集,且轻稀土元素含量以及La与Yb含量之比均随深度变浅而增加;单纯利用稀土元素图解不能有效反映成矿物质的来源,但可以大体反映含矿岩系形成于海相或海陆过渡相环境;大竹园大型铝土矿与黔北其他铝土矿一样,总体上属于沉积型,可能与古喀斯特化过程、古风化过程有关。 相似文献
17.
为深入认识南堡凹陷沙河街组富有机质泥页岩形成机理, 通过详细分析微量和稀土元素地球化学特征, 对其水体沉积环境及物源进行研究。结果表明: 微量元素Li, Cs, Bi较为富集; Cr, Sn较为亏损; 其他微量元素接近于上地壳元素含量。稀土元素总量变化范围宽泛, 接近或高于大陆上地壳的平均值, 指示陆源碎屑供给较为充足。REE分配模式表现为轻稀土元素富集, 分异程度较高; 重稀土元素相对亏损, 分异程度较低。铕元素异常值(δ Eu)负异常明显, 铈元素异常值(δ Ce)基本正常。根据锶丰度和锶/钡比值的变化, 反映出沙三段沉积时期湖泊水体具有一定的分隔性, 淡水、半咸水和咸水环境共存; 沙一段沉积时期湖泊水体的连通性增强, 以半咸水环境为主。根据V/(V+Ni)、Th/U比值及δ Ce、铈异常指数(Ceanom)值特征, 反映出湖泊水体为分层较强的贫氧环境。源生Ba含量揭示出湖泊水体古生产力较高。通过稀土元素组合特征分析, 认为沙河街组物源主要来自燕山褶皱带于燕山期发育的花岗岩, 且混有少量沉积岩。南堡凹陷沙河街组泥页岩有机质富集程度与其古环境和古地理密切相关: 一是适宜的水体古盐度和丰富的水体营养物质适应多种浮游藻类的共同繁盛, 提高了湖泊水生有机质生产效率; 二是贫氧的水体环境减缓有机质在埋藏过程中的降解, 提高了沉积有机质保存效率。 相似文献
18.
《山地科学学报》2021,(4)
In an earlier study of the Diexi ancient dammed lake along the Minjiang River in Southwest China, 10 disturbed layers with envelope and flame structures were found in more than 240 m of lacustrine sediments. In this paper, the soft-sediment disturbances caused by earthquakes in the Diexi ancient dammed lake were studied based on field investigations and laboratory core observations. A two-to three-degree-of-freedom spring-type earthquake simulation vibration table was used to carry out disturbance tests on lacustrine sediments under different dynamic conditions. The results support the following conclusions:(1) The disturbance layers in the lacustrine sediments were caused by strong earthquakes in the region.(2) The characteristics of the disturbance layers are related to the seismic parameters and the degree of sediment consolidation.(3) The greater the earthquake intensity is, the greater the disturbance amplitude is; moreover, the lower the consolidation degree is, the greater the disturbance amplitude.(4) The simulation tests verify that the disturbance layers in the sediments of the Diexi ancient dammed lake correspond to strong earthquakes in the region. These results are valuable for ongoing palaeoseismic research in the region. 相似文献
19.
Heavy metal research in lacustrine sediment： a review 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Heavy metals are released into environment from a wide range of natural and anthropogenic sources. Aquatic ecosystems are normally at the receiving end and in many cases, with lakes as intermediaries. Lacustrine sediments are important sinks for heavy metals and play a significant role in enrichment and remobilization of heavy metals in aquatic systems. Therefore, characteristics of heavy metal in lacustrine sediments become one of the important issues in environmental sciences. Progress in heavy metal research of lake sediments since late 1980s is reviewed comprehensively in this paper from over 100. The Highlights are placed on the establishment of aquatic sediment quality guidelines, references chemical speciation of heavy metals, heavy metal transport mechanisms in lakes, and high-resolution study of lake borehole cores. Meanwhile, suggestions for heavy metal research in lacustrine sediment in the future are proposed, including such issues as using integrated approaches to assess aquatic ecosystem, modem lake dynamic process, high-resolution evolutionary sequence and spatial differentiation of environments and international lake database, which should be referential to the promotion of research on heavy metal in aquatic system. 相似文献
20.
In this study, geochemical compositions of elements in sulfide samples collected from the Deyin-1 hydrothermal field near the 15°S southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (SMAR) were analyzed by the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to examine the enrichment regulations of ore-forming elements and hydrothermal mineralization. These sulfide precipitates can be classified macroscopically into three types: Fe-rich sulfide, Fe-Cu-rich sulfide and Fe-Zn-rich sulfide, and are characterized by the enrichment of base metal elements along with a sequence of Fe>Zn>Cu. Compared with sulfides from other hydrothermal fields on MAR, Zn concentrations of sulfides in the research area are significantly high, while Cu concentrations are relatively low. For all major, trace or rare-earth elements (REE), their concentrations and related characteristic parameters exhibit significant variations (up to one or two orders of magnitude), which indicates the sulfides from different hydrothermal vents or even a same station were formed at different stages of hydrothermal mineralization, and suggests the variations of chemical compositions of the hydrothermal fluid with respect to time. The hydrothermal temperatures of sulfides precipitation decreased gradually from station TVG10 (st.TVG10) to st.TVG12, and to st.TVG11, indicating that the precipitation of hydrothermal sulfides is subjected to conditions changed from high temperature to low temperature, and that the hydrothermal activity of study area was at the late stage of a general trend of evolution from strong to weak. The abnormally low concentrations of REE in sulfides and their similar chondrite-normalized REE patterns show that REEs in all sulfides were derived from a same source, but underwent different processes of migration or enrichment, or sulfides were formed at different stages of hydrothermal mineralization. The sulfides collected from the active hydrothermal vent were mainly attributed to precipitating directly from the hydrothermal fluid, while those collected from the extinct hydrothermal chimney might have already been altered by the seawater. Generally, ore-forming elements in the sulfides can be divided into three groups: Fe-based element group, Cu-based element group and Zn-based element group. The first group includes Fe, Mn, Cr, Mo, Sn, Rb and bio-enriching elements, such as P and Si, reflecting the similar characteristics to Fe in the study area. And the second group contains Cu, W, Co, Se, Te and Bi, suggesting the similar behavior with Cu. Moreover, the third group includes Zn, Hf, Hg, Cd, Ta, Ga, Pb, As, Ag, Ni and Sb, which indicates the geochemical characteristics of most dispersed trace elements controlled by Zn-bearing minerals to some extent. 相似文献