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1.
海南岛独特的区域和国家战略位置,使得了解和掌握该地区气溶胶时空格局特征及其大气污染物传输来源是海南大气环境质量监测和污染防治中重要的关注问题。选取MODIS 3 km分辨率气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）产品MOD04_3K,对海南岛2003—2017年AOD时空变化特征进行分析;以海口市为起始点,采用HYSPLIT模式对8次典型大气污染事件在10、500、1000 m 3个相对地面高度上进行48 h后向轨迹计算,以探究该区域大气污染物来源。结果表明：① 海南岛AOD在空间上呈较为明显的三级阶梯状分布,从西北方向向东南递减,2003—2017年在不同阶梯的空间变化趋势差异十分显著;② 2003—2017年海南岛AOD年均值为0.095,各年均值整体呈轻微升高趋势;季节均值差异表现为“春季>秋季>冬季>夏季”,此差异除受区域天气系统与地方风向特征的影响外,本区旅游业发展造成的大气污染物排放也不可忽视;③ 海南岛（海口市）2013—2017年典型大气污染事件发生期间大气污染气流在3个高度上（10、500、1000 m）的后向轨迹基本保持一致,均主要来自于海南岛东北方向。据此,位于该方向毗邻的珠江三角洲地区陆源大气污染物在东北盛行风的影响下被输送至海南岛,在区域天气系统（如大陆冷高压）和局部天气系统（如海风辐合）共同作用下,是促成该地区大气污染事件发生的重要因素。研究结果对深入理解海南岛近十多年来大气环境状况的变化规律、完善该区域大气污染联防联控机制具有重要的意义。 相似文献
2.
基于高度角、信噪比和伪距残差3个指标,采用K均值(Kmeans++)、迭代自组织数据分析法(ISODATA)和基于密度带有噪声的空间分类法(DBSCAN)对复杂城市观测环境下的GNSS数据进行分类,并采用伪距单点定位模型(SPP)评估不同算法的分类精度。结果表明,Kmeans++算法分类精度最优,在E、N、U 3个方向上的定位精度分别达2.56 m、3.25 m、9.73 m;相较于未采用Kmeans++算法的定位精度分别提升57.86%、47.64%、60.98%。为进一步验证算法性能,将Kmeans++算法与信噪比、高度角阈值法进行精度对比,结果表明,Kmeans++算法的平面和三维定位精度均有显著改善,分别提升24.87%、39.07%（信噪比阈值法）和41.36%、59.91%（高度角阈值法）。 相似文献
3.
高时空分辨率的气温栅格数据是多种地学模型和气候模型的重要输入。山区地形复杂,气温空间异质性强,如何获取高时空分辨率的山区地表气温数据一直是研究热点与难点。本文选择地形复杂的河北省张家口市作为试验区,基于局部薄盘样条函数对ERA5再分析日均近地表气温（2 m高度）进行空间插值,并利用随机森林算法,结合少量气象站观测气温数据、地形地表参数数据构建日均气温订正模型和气温逐时化模型,实现空间分辨率由0.1 °（约11 km）到30 m的逐时气温降尺度,最后将该模型拓展应用于其他时间与区域,检验本文发展的降尺度方法在没有站点观测数据条件下的时空移植性。结果显示,本文降尺度方法得到的高时空分辨率山区气温数据精度较高,1月均方根误差（RMSE）平均值为2.4 ℃,明显优于气象站点插值结果,且气温相对高低的空间分布更为合理、纹理更加丰富;将该方法应用到其他时间与区域的RMSE平均值分别为2.9 ℃与2.5 ℃,均小于再分析资料直接插值所产生的误差。研究结果总体表明,在气象站点较少甚至没有时,可利用本文方法通过ERA5再分析气温准确获取复杂地形条件下的山区高时空分辨率气温数据。 相似文献
4.
为研究对流层延迟时空差异性引起的单点定位偏差的不确定性,首先利用IGS ZPD产品分析其最大值、最小值、均值和STD与测站空间分布的相关性,结果显示,ZPD均值约为2.4 m,其存在随纬度增加而减小的总体趋势,但沿赤道不完全对称,在北半球离散度较大;然后针对单点定位模型,推导对流层延迟对定位参数解算的影响公式,并评估其对单点定位的影响,结果表明,对流层延迟对U方向的影响最大（可达7~15 m）,对N方向的影响居中（在±0.6 m以内）,对E方向的影响最小（在±0.2 m以内）。 相似文献
5.
秦巴山地是中国的南北分界线,也是黄河和长江的分水岭,其山体效应的定量化影响秦巴山地山体垂直带的分布格局、非地带性因素的作用强度和机理,以及中国暖温带和北亚热带的具体位置的确定。山体基面高度是影响山体效应最重要和关键的地形因子,其定量化和数字化提取是秦巴山地山体效应定量化研究的重要内容。本研究针对秦巴山地山体效应的定量化研究,使用30 m分辨率的STRM-1数据,分别基于山体特征线和流域分区2种方法提取了秦巴山地的山体基面高度分区,并根据地形起伏度和坡度,确定基面范围,计算了山体基面高度值。结果表明：① 基于山体特征线的方法将秦巴山地分为93个基面高度分区,基于流域分区的方法将秦巴山地分为209个基面高度分区,根据2种分区结果提取的基面高度值相差不大且均体现了秦巴山地地势的特点;② 秦巴山地山体基面高度从东向西呈阶梯状递增的趋势;③ 从南到北,秦巴山地的东段和中段均呈先增高后降低的趋势,即从大巴山向北至汉江谷地降低,再向北至秦岭升高;④ 山地的不同侧翼的山体基面高度不同,秦岭南坡的基面高度（1000~1809 m）明显高于北坡（850~1300 m）。秦巴山地山体基面高度与其植被带分布上限联系密切,实现山体基面高度的数字化提取,为山体效应的定量化研究提供了重要的技术支持。 相似文献
6.
日前,随着天津市东丽区军粮城街等7个街道土地利用总体规划（2006—2020年）获得市政府批准,天津市、区县、乡镇三级土地利用总体规划修编工作完成。修编后的《规划》更加注重优化各类用地结构和布局,提出了“两城优化调整,滨海重点发展,西部协同发展,南北适度拓展,北端生态保育”的土地利用空间战略,构建了“一轴两带、三区九廊道、 相似文献
7.
海洋异常事件（Marine Abnormal Event,MAE）可为区域海气相互作用和全球气候变化研究提供重要的时空特征参考,具有重要的科学意义。鉴此,本文基于长时间序列的栅格数据集,提出了一种海洋异常事件时空提取算法（Marine Abnormal Event Spatio-Temporal Extraction Method,MAESTEM）。MAESTEM的核心步骤包括事件的时间维度提取、事件的空间维度提取和事件追踪。在时间维度提取方面,将每一个栅格像元作为一维时间序列,计算其平均值和标准差作为判断每个时刻是否异常的标准,并根据异常持续发生的时间长短来提取时间维度的海洋异常事件（Temporal MAE,TMAE）。在空间维度提取方面,利用空间邻域统计方法,统计栅格像元的空间邻域中属于TMAE的个数,并通过空间维度异常判断规则获取空间维度的海洋异常事件（Spatial MAE,SMAE）。利用时刻状态的SMAE的空间拓扑关系,根据事件前后时刻覆盖的空间区域是否重叠以及事件持续的时间长短,实现异常事件的追踪。最后,通过提取太平洋海域1993年1月至2012年12月的月均海面高度异常（Sea Level Anomaly,SLA）事件,验证了该算法的有效性和实用性。 相似文献
8.
蓝绿空间是城市生态安全的重要保障。本文通过谷歌地球引擎（GEE）提取2005、2010、2015与2020年的植被与水体指数数据,构建了包含272个地级城市建成区的蓝绿空间数据库。运用蓝绿空间覆盖率、300 m服务半径覆盖率、分维数与分离度4个指标分析其时空格局与演化模式,并进一步探讨其气候影响因素。结果表明：(1)地级城市建成区蓝绿空间整体呈现为“南高北低”的格局,且南方“西高东低”、北方“东高西低”,但环渤海地区为蓝绿空间覆盖率“洼地”;时间格局为“总体增长、局部降低”,华中地区呈下降趋势的城市最多;(2)就分区而言,西南地区城市建成区蓝绿空间覆盖率最高（平均高于65%）、分离度最低（平均低于0.60）,西北地区覆盖率分异较大,华北地区覆盖率最低（平均10%～30%）且分离度最高（平均约0.98）;(3)采用多尺度地理加权回归模型所得R2为0.85（校正R2为0.83）,其中,降水量对城市建成区蓝绿空间的影响最显著,降水量变化成正相关,气温则成负相关;整体上气候影响与比人为影响相当,但在某些时段间更大。 相似文献
9.
无人机大气环境监测虽然处于起步阶段,但已成为环保部门一项重要的工作内容,对于提高突发性大气污染事件的预防及应急监测具有重要意义。本文以化工污染气体排放高危区齐鲁化学工业区为研究区,利用搭载有高分辨率相机和污染气体监测仪的旋翼无人机（“环鹰一号”）系统,结合地面核查验证的方式,设计了一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化碳（CO）和二氧化硫（SO2）3种污染气体污染遥感监测流程及方法。通过实验区地面验证,以及150、200、250、350 m高度污染气体浓度监测结果分析表明,化工园区污染气体排放具有空间水平差异及垂直扩散特征,联合水平和垂直异常值分析,能为提前排查污染源排放提供有效支撑。本研究是无人机在环保部门大气环境监测中的实际应用,能为后续化工园区及重点企业污染物排放定期监管提供技术支持。 相似文献
10.
《东北石油大学学报》2017,(4)
考虑离散分数阶边值问题{Δ_(ν+a)~ν(t~(N-1)φ(b▽~νu(t)))+t~(N-1)[λ|u(t)|m~(-2) u(t)-f(t,u(t))]=0,t∈[a,b]N_a;[b▽~νu(t)]_t=b+ν=[b▽~νu(t)]t=a+ν-1=0。其中ν∈(0,1),a,b∈Z,0≤ab-1,N∈Z~+,N≥1,φ∶=Φ′∶(-d,d)→R满足φ(t)=0,t∈R\[-d,d]∪{0}。Φ∶[-d,d]→R在[-d,d]连续,在(-d,d)内可导。λ0,m≥2为固定实数。f(·,u)∶[-d,d]N-d×R→R是关于第二个变量的连续函数且满足Ambrosetti-Rabinorwitz条件。建立变分框架,利用临界点定理,得到离散分数阶边值问题解的存在性结果。 相似文献
11.
Kang Xinglun 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1990,8(4):348-353
To make surface seawater flow, the shear stress of the wind blowing on the sea must overcome the work of cohesion of seawaterW
c. Oil film on the sea will drift along the wind direction so long as the shear stress of the wind overcomes the work of adhesion
between the water and the oilW
a or the work of cohesion of oil Wt,o.
Experiments bear out the theory that surface tension of seawater is more than twice that of oils generally, so that the wind
influenced drift velocity of the oil film is over two times that of the wind-driven surface current. The wind factor for surface
current in Jiaozhou Bay is 0.025, while those for the drift velocities of O-diesel oil film and the used light crude oil film
are 0.070 and 0.052 respectively.
Generally the primary factors influencing the movement velocity of oil film on the sea are current, wind, and the physicochemical
properties of the oil. The drift velocity of oil film is determined from analysis of the work of adhesion between seawater
and oil. Experiments and actual observations agree with the theoretical analysis.
Contribution No. 1831 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica 相似文献
12.
Incubation experiments are carried out to study the exchange rates of dissolved inorganic nutrients including silicate, phosphate, ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate （^vSiO3-Si,^vPO4-P, ^vNH4-N, ^vNO2-N and ^vNO3-N） at the sediment-water interface in the Jiaozhou Bay. Major factors influencing the exchange rates are discussed in detail, which include the dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations in porewater （Cpw）, water and clay contents, and grain size of the sediments （CH2O, Cclay and GSsed）. The results may provide insight into the dynamics of nutrient transport and the environmental capacity of nutrients in Jiaozhou Bay, and should be beneficial to solving the problems caused by excessive nutrient input this area. 相似文献
13.
In this paper, the linear continuously stratified ntxiel of the abyssal circulation proposed by Pedlosky (1992) was emended to include the second order term - (γθm) in the vertical turbulent mixing pararneterization of - (ω‘θ‘）x = kvθxx- θxxx, in which kv is a vertical diffusion coefficient,and γ is the second order coefficient of turbulent mixing (or simply called γ-term and γ＜0 is only allcmed). The influence of the γ-tema on the baroclinic structure of the abyssal circulation driven by up-welling out of the abyss was investigated, It was found that the γ-term has a noticeable influence on thebaroclinic structure of the upwelling driven abyssal circulation. For uniform upwelling, it favors the baroelinic layering of the abyssal circulation in the eastern part of the basin, but prevents the layering in thewest. In addition, this parameter was found to decrease the vertically averaging meridional velocity of theabyssal circulation frcrn the west to the east on the southern boundary. For upwelling localized near theeastern boundary, the γ - term favors baroclinic layering of the abyssal circulation in the whole basin.Especially, on the southern boundary the γ - term could strengthen the vertically averaging meridional ve-loeity in the west, but gready weaken it in the east. The ntntel presented here might be considered as anextension of the Pedlosky baroclinic ntntel of the abyssal circulation. 相似文献
14.
Sea bottom stress is conventionally assumed to be directly proportional to the square of the verticallyaveraged velocity,and the drag coefficient to be dependent on the speed and direction of the wind on the sea surface,the depth and dimension of the sea,the period of the tide and so on. In this paper a three-dimensional numerical model is used to discuss the relation the dragcoefficient and the above-mentioned factors.It can be shown from calculation that the relation, is valid,that the drag coefficient is a constant in a major part of a sea as thought conventionally,andthat there is a small area near the coast where the drag coefficient is far greater.We call it singular area. A number of conclusions on the relation between the drag coefficient and the speed and direction ofthe wind,the sea depth and so on,were obtained. 相似文献
15.
Microstructure profiling measurements taken on a shallow Black Sea shelf and in Lake Banyoles and Boadella reservoir (Both in Spain) are analyzed to investigate the influence of boundary-layer-induced turbulence of various sources on mixing in the water interior. The state of turbulence in shallow waters is examined and details of microstructure data processing and error analysis are discussed. The dependence between averaged activity parameter AG and buoyancy Reynolds number Reb for the shelf turbulence indicates that for Reb < 1 the state of turbulence can be described by the fossil turbulence model, which postulates AG-Reb1/2. For Reb> 1, however, the influence of Reb on AG is weak, signifying that the buoyancy Reynolds number can no longer serve as the governing parameter for active turbulent mixing. The generation of turbulence by a one-minute long wind bursts (the Boadella reservoir) increases the averaged dissipation rate (e) of the surface mixed layer by more than 5 times (up to 3×10-6 W kg-1). The influence of the wind bursts was also traced below the ther-mocline, where turbulent patches with 相似文献
16.
With the application of electronic computers, the extraction of harmonic constants from high and low waters becomes an extremely
simple process as compared with Doods’n’s technique. The phenomenon of aliasing is examined by supposing the samples are taken
at intervals of exactly 6 lunar hours. The constituents with frequencies satisfying the relation
are inseparable and the coefficient determinant of the normal equations will be singular if the heights only are used. When
the values of the first derivatives and the irregularity of the sampling are taken into consideration the condition of the
determinant is improved. Large diurnal tides can cause irregularity of sampling and so we are in favour of the separation
of the aliased constituents. For tidal current data, if the slack times are available, the results of analysis can be much
improved. The results for major constituents derived from the observed high and low waters agree satisfactorily with those
from hourly data.
This paper was published in Chinese inOcean. Limn. Sinica
17(4):318–328, 1986. 相似文献
17.
A study on the curves of the exchange ratioE(%)- pH on the liquid-solid interface of the systems Zn (II) with clay minerals, (Kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite),
Zn (II) with hydrous ferric oxides (amorphous ferric oxide, geothite and hematite), Zn (II) with hydrous manganese oxide (γ-MnOOH,
manganite and δ-MnO2) etc. in seawater resulted in the discovery of new plateau type exchange ratioE(%)-pH curves not yet reported in literature. The two factors that decide the growth, decline and the change of the “plateau
type” curve are: (1) the inherent characteristics of systems, which can be explained by the exchange constants
(i=1, 2, 3, etc.) of interfacial stepwise ion/coordination particle exchange between liquid and solid; and (2)
. The theory of interfacial stepwise ion/coordination particle exchange in seawater was applied to explain the experimental
results of the above study and a general formula was derived for the plateau type exchange ratioE(%)-pH curves. The theoretically simulated and calculated curves coincided well with the experimental results. This paper
provides new and powerful experimental basis to support the theory of interfacial stepwise ion/coordination particle exchange
in seawater.
The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
18.
We studied distribution and site conditions of epiphytic orchids in a gradient of human interference in Kathmandu valley, central Nepal. The aim was to understand the recent distribution pattern of epiphytic orchids, with respect to (i) the micro-site conditions and (ii) the type and intensity of land use. The occurrence of epiphytic orchids was recorded for a grid with 1.5 km cell size. The cells represent different types and intensities of human impact. Site factors such as bark rugosity, bark pH, diameter at breast height (dbh; 1.3 m) of host trees, exposure to wind and sunlight intensity were recorded. With regard to the species richness and abundance of epiphytic orchids, we compared different human impact categories from very strong human impact (settlement area) to very low human impact (national park). Remote sensing was used for a supervised classification of land cover. Ficus religiosa turned out to be the most important host species for orchids in urban areas, while Schima wallichii and Alnus nepalensis significantly host orchids in the other categories. Both species richness and abundance of epiphytic orchids were significantly higher under very low human impact (forest in national park) and also some remaining patches of primary forest than the other regions. Micro-climate is crucial for orchid populations. Host bark pH, bark rugosity, sunlight intensity and host exposure were significantly different for all human impact categories in order to harbour epiphytic orchid species. Habitats with a mixture of mature trees are suitable and essential for the conservation of viable populations of epiphytic orchids in settled areas. The study reveals that to improve the population size of orchids it is essential for future urban forestry to: (i) Protect old trees as carriers of existing epiphytic orchid diversity, (ii) protect medium old trees to ensure that they may become old trees, (iii) plant new host trees for the future, (iv) plant in groups instead of single isolate trees. Trees should especially be planted in areas where orchids still exist to provide more trees for orchid population enlargement (e.g. along riparian system). Native species should be favoured; the pool of such native host species is wide. 相似文献
19.
武汉市中心城区住宅价格空间分布格局及其影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用网页爬虫技术从安居客网站抓取了武汉市中心城区2016年7月共3 188个小区的平均房价数据。运用GIS空间分析方法和GWR模型对武汉市中心城区房价空间分布模式及其影响因素进行探讨。研究发现武汉市中心城区的房价具有聚类分布特征;新盘房价与片区位置(汉口、武昌、汉阳)、环线位置(内环、二环、中环)、距湖泊距离、距商圈距离、小区附近学校个数显著相关;楚河汉街商圈对二手房房价的影响力度高于其他商圈,东湖和沙湖对二手房房价的影响效应也很显著。 相似文献
20.
To understand the impacts of reforestation on woody species composition, species diversity and community structure, seven plantation forests in dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River in Southwest China were investigated, with adjacent wastelands, natural shrub grassland and a natural forest as references. Species importance value, species richness, species heterogeneity and Sorenson similarity index between plantations and the natural forest were analyzed. Results indicated that compared to wastelands and natural shrub grassland, reforestation improved species diversity and community structure, and more forest woody species found suitable habitats in plantations. Species diversity in understory of plantations and Sorenson similarity index were significantly negatively correlated with stem density in mature plantations (26-31 years old). Higher species diversity and Sorenson similarity index existed in mature sparse plantations due to lower stem density and more tree species planted initially. In contrast, reference natural forest, with species heterogeneity of 2.28 for shrub layer, showed the highest species diversity. It would take a long time for species composition and diversity to recover through reforestation in a dry-hot valley. Therefore, it was essential to protect remnant natural forests strictly and reforest with suitable management such as lower stem density and increasing genetic diversity of trees planted. 相似文献