共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 313 毫秒
1.
Mid-latitude air-sea interaction is an important topic that attracts a considerable amount of research interest. The Kuroshio Extension(KE) is one of the main western boundary currents and plays a critical role in the mid-latitude atmospheric circulation. This paper uses the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and Hadley sea surface temperature datasets to investigate the influence of oceanic fronts in the KE region on surface air temperature in North America over the period 1949–2014. A significant correlation was found between the KE front intensity and the temperatures over North America in autumn and winter. A strong(weak) KE front anomaly in autumn is associated with an increasing(decreasing) surface temperature over western North America but a decreasing(increasing) surface temperature over eastern North America. In winter, central North America warms(cools) when the KE front is strong(weak). The response of the atmospheric circulation, including wind in the high and low troposphere, troughs, and ridges, to the strengthening(weakening) of the KE front is the main cause of these changes in surface temperature. 相似文献
2.
Reviving Ancient Water Tunnels in the Desert-Digging for Gold？ 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Joshka Wessels 《山地科学学报》2005,2(4):294-305
The water shortage in the Middle East is a well-known problem. The introduction of diesel operated pumps for irrigation has caused a severe drop in groundwater levels. At the same time the demand for groundwater is growing to alarming proportions. Alternative ways of groundwater supply and management need to be found to halt social and economical disaster in the future. Why not look at history？ Qanats are subterranean tunnels ancient civilizations built to access groundwater. The technique is a sustainable method of groundwater extraction. Throughout the Middle East some settlements still make use of these ancient systems. In the summer of 2000, a community rehabilitation of a qanat was executed International Center for Areas （ICARDA） and with support from the Agricultural Research in Dry international donors. The renovation served as a pilot community intervention within a participatory action research project aimed at evaluating the use of qanats in Syria. In a second stage of the project, the pilot was scaled up to a nation-wide survey of Syrian qanats in 2001. This resulted in qanat renovations on other sites executed in 2oo2 and 2oo3 with further international support. This paper compares the first pilot renovation with a recent qanat renovation that took place in Qarah, Syria. 相似文献
3.
Jonathan Mitchley Marlin F. Price Joseph Tzanopoulos 《山地科学学报》2006,3(4):276-286
Europe＇s mountains cover nearly half of the continent＇s area and are home to one fifth of the European population. Mountain areas are hotspots of biodiversity and agriculture has played a multifunctional role in defining and sustaining mountain biodiversity. Ongoing trends of agricultural decline are having negative impacts on mountain biodiversity. This paper presents results from an interdisciplinary European research project, BioScene, which investigated the relationship between agriculture and biodiversity in six mountain study areas across Europe to provide recommendations for reconciling biodiversity conservation with social and economic activities through an integrated rural development strategy. BioScene used scenario analysis and stakeholder participation as tools for structuring the analysis of alternative mountain futures. Three main BioScene scenarios were evaluated： Business as Usual （BAIT）, Agricultural Liberalisation （Lib）, Managed Change for Biodiversity （MCB）. BioScene brought together ecologists, economists, sociologists and rural geogra- phers, to carry out interdisciplinary analysis of the scenarios： identifying key drivers of change, assessing the biodiversity consequences and evaluating costeffectiveness. BioScene used a sustainability assessment to integrate the research outputs across natural and social science disciplines to assess the broader sustainability of the scenarios in terms of biodiversity, natural resources, rural development, social development, economic development and institutional capacity. The sustainability assessment showed that the MCB scenario was potentially the most sustainable of the three BioScene scenarios. Through the reconciliation of potentially conflicting objectives, such as conservation, economic development and human livelihoods, and with a strong participatory planning approach, the MCB scenario could represent an alternative approach to BaU for sustainable rural development in Europe＇s mountains. BioScene confirms the necessity for natural and social scientists to work together to seek solutions to environmental problems. Interdisciplinary research can assist with the definition of integrated strategies with the potential to reconcile the ecological, social and economic parameters that determine a sustainable future for European mountain areas. 相似文献
4.
WANGXing-zhong SUNFeng-hua GUOLiu-jian HEXiao-dong 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(1):7-15
The quality dimension of the urban living space was addressed much earlier abroad; nevertheless, it has not been studied in the Chinese academia up to date, as evidenced by the limited research literature. Through recourse to Rich BOYER‘s nine-factor theory, this study attempted to evaluate and rank 31 target cities, by using the data from the China Statistical Yearbook 2002. Our research results show that the quality of a city‘s living space is in positive correlation with its size, and that there will be changing demands for the quality of the urban living space as a result of future social, economic, sci-tech, cultural and educational developments, combined with the improvement of the overall quality of urban residents. Previous research was focused on the quality of food, housing, education, transportation and entertainment. However, with the development of the knowledge-economy, such factors as information accessibility, green environment, and air quality, will be major considerations in the quality evaluation of the urban living space. 相似文献
5.
正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a 相似文献
6.
Building a more resilient response system to climate change for sustainable development and reducing uncertainty in China’s food markets, requires access to historical research gaps and mapping future research progress for decision making. However, the lack of quantitative and objective analyses to ensure the stability and development of agroecosystems increases the complexity of agro-climatic mechanisms, which leads to uncertainty and undesirable consequences. In this paper, we review the chara... 相似文献
7.
YANGZisheng LIANGLuohui LIUYansui HEYimei 《山地科学学报》2004,1(3):250-263
Land use/land cover change (LUCC) is a focus of the research of global environmental changes.The middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River,which are the most ecologically fragile mountainous area in China as well as one of the areas in China with most notable LUCC, have been on the Chinese Government‘s list of priority areas for ecological restoration. This paper is to reveal the trend of LUCC and the ecological degradation arising from it, and to provide a basis for the future sustainable use of land resources in the region based on a detailed analysis of Yiliang County. Based on the county‘s land use/cover maps in 1960, 1980 and 2000 drawn with the aid of aerial photograph interpretation, field investigation and GIS based spatial-temporal data analysis, LUCC during 1960-2000 period and the ecological degradation arising from it were analyzed. Using the Markv model, the paper brings out a forecast of what the county‘s LUCC would be like if the county‘s current land use continues, as well as the reasons and countermeasures for restoring degraded ecosystems. 相似文献
8.
The existence and development of the Chinese nation have been severely challenged by a sharp increase in population, a shortage of natural resources and damage to ecological system, since China began to industrialize in the 1950s. Based on long-term and in-depth research on the ecology and environment of China, this paper presents the background, basic status, characteristics, causes and remedial strategies. countermeasures. 相似文献
9.
Mollisols are common in South America. They cover about 8.87 × 10 7 ha, 1.3 × 10 7 ha and 4.3 × 10 6 ha in Argentina, Uruguay and Southern Brazil respectively, which is 11.5% of the world total. Most of South American Mol- lisols were developed on Pleistocene and Holocene sediments and lie within the limits of the temperate zone, though the extreme north is bordering subtropical and the extreme south is within a cold-temperate zone. All suborders of Mollisols occur in Argentina, the most extensive being Udolls followed by Ustolls, whereas only Udolls, Aquolls and Albolls occur in Uruguay. Vertisols in Uruguay have many properties similar to Mollisols, and the occurrence of Vertisols is strongly associated with Mollisols. The Pampean Mollisols are a significant component of the global breadbasket of modern times. The main Argentine crops are wheat,corn,sorghum, barley, soybeans and sunflower, while Mollisols in Uruguay remain mostly dedicated to cattle and sheep grazing though crop production has been increasing very rapidly in the last decade. Throughout South America, research has shown that Mollisols are experiencing losses of soil organic matter and nutrients, and degradation of physical properties after long cropping periods, resulting in soil scientists calling for increased conservation practices to reduce future losses and a deterioration of soil quality, and thus a more sustainable agriculture in the region. 相似文献
10.
With the emergence of the Internet of Things(IoT), there has been a proliferation of urban studies using big data. Yet, another type of urban research innovations that involve interdisciplinary thinking and methods remains underdeveloped. This paper represents an attempt to adopt a Hidden Markov Model(HMM) toolbox developed in Computer Science for the analysis of eye movement patterns in Psychology to answer urban mobility questions in Geography. The main idea is that both people’s eye movements and travel behavior follow the stop-travel-stop pattern, which can be summarized using HMM. Methodological challenges were addressed by adjusting the HMM to analyze territory-wide travel survey data in Hong Kong, China. By using the adjusted toolbox to identify the activitytravel patterns of working adults in Hong Kong, two distinctive groups of balanced(38.4%) and work-oriented(61.6%) lifestyles were identified. With some notable exceptions, working adults living in the urban core were having a more work-oriented lifestyle. Those with a balanced lifestyle were having a relatively compact zone of non-work activities around their homes but a relatively long commuting distance. Furthermore, working females tend to spend more time at home than their counterparts, regardless of their marital status and lifestyle. Overall, this interdisciplinary research demonstrates an attempt to integrate spatial, temporal, and sequential information for understanding people’s behavior in urban mobility research. 相似文献
11.
Participatory and Integrated Research in Mountainous Regions of Thailand and Vietnam： Approaches and Lessons Learned 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Andreas Neef Franz Heidhues Karl Stahr Pittaya Sruamsiri 《山地科学学报》2006,3(4):305-324
Introduction Until the late 1980s, the mountainous regions of northern Thailand and northern Vietnam were largely cut off from the rapid economic develop- ment in the urban centers such as Bangkok, Chiang Mai and Hanoi, and from the dynamics of the ‘gree… 相似文献
12.
Food Security of Shifting Cultivation Systems： Case Studies from Luang Prabang and Oudomxay Provinces, Lao PDR 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Linkham Douangsavanh Anan Polthanee Roengsak Katawatin 《山地科学学报》2006,3(1):48-57
Introduction The shifting cultivation system is one of the most important agricultural systems in Luang Prabang and Oudomxay provinces, where many production systems are found in the uplands. The factors, determining the systems, include ethnicity,Journal… 相似文献
13.
14.
Yuemin Ning 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1995,5(3):202-211
Since the 1980’s, two new trends have been emerging in the economic development of the Chinese ‘million’ cities. One is the
development disparity, and the other is the industrial restructuring. Firstly, in terms of per capita GDP (Gross Domestic
Product), 32 ‘million’ cities are classified into 4 types. The paper thinks there are 3 main causes which bring about the
development disparity. Then, the paper approaches the industrial restructuring of the ‘million’ cities. In order to shrink
the gap between the coastal ‘million’ cities and the interior ‘million’ cities, the paper thinks that the central government
should pay most attention to the economic development of the inland, meanwhile, the interior ‘million’ cities should speed
up the economic reform and industrial restructuring. 相似文献
15.
In this report, complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Laminaria cultivation variety ‘Rongfu’ were obtained. The results showed the length of circular molecule of mtDNA was 37 638 bp (64.7%
A+T), encoding three rRNAs (23S, 16S and 5S), 25 tRNAs, 35 known mitochondrial proteins and 3 ORFs. Sequence alignment indicated
its mtDNA genome was very similar to that of Laminaria japonica. Phylogenetic trees inferred from concatenated 30 mitochondrial genes showed that ‘Rongfu’, Laminaria japonica, Laminaria longipedalis, Laminaria diabolica, Laminaria religiosa and Laminaria ochotensis clustered together. In addition, compared with mitochondrial genome of L. japonica, ‘Rongfu’ mtDNA lacked a non-coding region of 19 nucleotides, which was located between rRNA small subunit gene 3 (rps3) and rRNA small subunit gene 9 (rps9). Seven cultivation varieties of China were divided into two groups based on this non-coding region which was absent in
‘Rongfu’, ‘Fujian’ and ‘Sanhai’ while present in ‘Ailunwan’, ‘Dongfang No.2’, ‘Dongfang No.3’ and ‘Zaohoucheng’. So this variation
can be used in germplasm identification of cultivation variety. 相似文献
16.
MEI Lin XU Xiaopo CHEN Mingxiu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2006,16(4):378-382
1 Introduction Northeast China consists of the three provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, this region has supported the whole country with huge quantity of grain, raw materials, primary products, and heavy industrial products at the cost of environment and resources, and thereafter became an old industrial base as well as an important marketable grain base in the whole country (Zhang et al., 2004). However, since the 19… 相似文献
17.
VishwambharPrasadSati 《山地科学学报》2005,2(1):76-85
Agricultural practices are the main stay of the people of Uttranchal. Out of the total population,more than 75% people are engaged either with the main occupation of agriculture or its allied practices,dominated by traditional subsistence cereal farming.Among them, the main crops are rice, wheat, millet,barley, all types of pulses, all types of oilseeds and almost all types of fruits. The crops, vegetables and fruits of all varieties are grown in the different climatic zones such as tropical, temperate, and cold because, the region is characterized by the different altitudinal zones elevated from 200 m to more than 8000m. As a result, different climates are found from hot tropical to sub temperate and chilly cold. Pulses varieties are grown extensively. Among vegetables,potato, onion, carrot, all types of green leaf vegetables,brinzal, pumpkin, ladyfinger, pea, gram, radish,ginger, garlic, etc, are grown widely. All fruit varieties are grown in the different altitudinal zones. The mainfruits are orange, malta (a big size of orange),elephant citrus, lemon and all other types of citrus,apple, stone fruits including peach and pears, manykinds of nuts, and the fruits which are grown in the low lying areas. In spite of feasible climatic conditions,agricultural dominant society, and availability of all types of crops, the production and productivity of these crops are very low, even they are unable to meet the grain-need of the people in Uttaranchal. Agricultural crops are grown almost in all the altitudinal zones -- from the low-lying areas, which are called ‘Ga. ngarh‘, to the highly elevated region,where the legendary term is given as ‘Danda‘. The growing seasons vary according to the heights. The present paper aims to discuss the agricultural practices including cropping season, cropping pattern,land use, production of cropsagricultural system in thisand ecological aspect of Himalayan state and suggest some measures for developing farming system,which could lead the sustainability, in terms of meeting the food grain needs of the people on the one hand and restoring the ecological balance on the other. 相似文献
18.
Ancient town Dali is located in northwest Yunnan Province. With its ancient history and natural scenery, it is preserved as
one of the first 24 historical and cultural towns in China. Dali has become one of the most popular attractions for foreign
tourists since it had its first foreign visitors in 1983. As a result, English came into the life of the local people. This
paper presents and explains the results of questionnaires and interviews about Dali people’s attitude toward learning English.
Three types of questionnaires were designed to local businessmen, local residents and foreign tourists. Interviews were also
given whenever possible. In this study, businessmen in Dali were divided into two distinct groups. One group had their business
in “Foreigners’ Street”, which was in front of Hongshancha Hotel where many foreign tourists stayed. Another group had business
in Fuxin Street, which was vertically across “Foreigners’ Street”. The 41 shops and restaurants in “Foreigners’ Street” served
mainly foreign visitors, and most of them had English names and advertisements. The 353 shops and restaurants in Fuxin Street
mainly catered for domestic visitors but also served more and more overseas ones. Subjects from local residents were mostly
young people because aging ones were apparently not much affected by English. The results of the study showed that the oral
English levels became lower from “Foreigners’ Street” to Fuxin Street to local residents, due to declining frequency of contact
with foreign people. There were also distinct differences in general English level, the understanding of the importance of
English, the purposes of communicating with foreign tourists, the willingness and purposes of going on learning English between
businessmen in “Foreigners’ Street” and Fuxin Street: people in “Foreigners’ Street” had more positive feedback than those
in Fuxin Street because their constant contact with foreigners required them to speak better English which enabled them to
exchange with foreigners in many aspects, which in turn help them to know more about other cultures. On the other hand, Fuxin
Street businessmen would catch up with more and more prospective contact with overseas people. Though local residents had
nothing to do with foreign tourists, they met them in the street every day and might have to talk with them in unexpected
ways. They lived in a place where they saw English advertisement every day. Accordingly, study results showed that they were
very much motivated to learn English. They showed even stronger desire to learn more English than businessmen in “Foreigners’
Street”, though many of them were too young to tell why English was so important for them. This is an indication that English
has become part of the necessary education for young people in Dali. With the development of tourism, Dali is gradually becoming
a place where Chinese culture and western culture meet and coexist.
This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
19.
The Ifugao Rice Terraces in the Philippines is recognized worldwide as a sustainable landscape where humans live in harmony with nature. The success of the Ifugao Rice Terraces largely depends on the attunement of local farmers to their environment and their ability to adapt to perceived changes, as manifested in their complex body of traditional ecological and climatic knowledge. This paper examines the local perceptions on climate change and other challenges to sustainability through focus group discussions with farmers and traditional knowledge holders. Our main findings can be summarized as follows: (i) Ifugao farmers were able to observe climatic changes in recent years, and these changes were intimately linked with broader environmental and socio-cultural changes in the Ifugao social-ecological system; (ii) The climatic changes qualitatively observed by the farmers were in agreement with trends in datasets commonly used in scientific assessments, although this agreement depends on the spatial and temporal resolution of the dataset, and the type of statistical analysis performed, and; (iii) The Ifugaos stressed the importance of traditional knowledge and culture in climate change adaptation, and preferred measures which could increase internal adaptive capacity while addressing broader sources of community vulnerability. Our results support calls to recognize Indigenous and Western science as equally valid ways of knowing. Discussions with the farmers revealed that in the Ifugao context, climate change may be better framed in the context of multiple stressors on rural livelihoods, with adaptation integrated into broader development objectives. Our findings also emphasize the need for greater engagement of indigenous Ifugao people in planning processes in order to identify adaptation strategies that are culturally appropriate, equitable, and effective in responding to local needs. 相似文献
20.
Ge Chen Wenqing Li Qianqian Kong Shouxin Liu Chongjing Lv Fenglin Tian 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2012,11(1):18-24
In this article,the progress of marine geographic information system(MGIS) in China during 2006?2010 is reviewed with emphases on generic MGIS,advanced MGIS and MGIS-based applications.Generic MGIS can be divided into two categories:data-oriented MGIS and user-oriented MGIS,recent achievements of which by Chinese researchers are summarized respectively.Advanced MGIS mainly involves the establishment of 3D virtual marine environment and ’Digital Ocean’.An overview of the 3D MGIS based simulations in the context of ocean phenomena,ocean engineering and ocean battlefield is also presented.Several sug-gestions for future development of MGIS in China are proposed,and trends of development are addressed. 相似文献