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1.
Moiwo J.Paul 《东北亚地学研究》2003,(2)
1IntroductionFlow is the key mechanism by which pollutants are transmitted from one point to another in hydro-geologic systems. Groundwater flow is not indepen-dent of the geological formation within which it occurs. Hydraulic conductivity which is a measure of groundwater flow is strongly related with the am-bient geologic properties such as texture,porosity and topography. These properties do not only con-trol the rate of groundwater flow but also limit the occurrence,hence the dispersion of… 相似文献
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MOIWO Juana P 《世界地质(英文版)》2001,4(2)
Porosity (n) and Dispersivity (D) were modeled in relation to Solute Transport Time (t) in a saturated, homogeneous, isotropic, unconfined aquifer using the MOC model. It was noted that n and D have an important influence on solute transport time t in groundwater, with a consistently strong and direct relationship between n, D, and t. In the case of porosity, the relationship was found to be directly related to t when other aquifer properties remained unchanged. This was also mathematically argued using a form of the flow equation put forward by Henry Darcy (1856). Dispersivity on the other hand had somehow the same relationship with solute transport time t as porosity, but with much less effect. That is, higher dispersions lead to longer solute transport time within the aquifer system. This was because as the individual solute particles set off from the average seepage velocity, they traversed through longer distances due to tortuosity, mechanical mixing, diffusion, and microscopic heterogeneity latent in the porous media. Also when n and D were co- treated over t, n was noted to be dominant over D with regard t. This follows that the effect of porosity on solute transport time far out shadowed that of dispersivity. Stated in other words, the dispersivity of a substance in any porous medium is to a large extent a function of the porosity of that medium. 相似文献
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地下水流系统理论是当代水文地质学的核心概念框架,研究不同控制因素对盆地地下水流系统发育模式的影响具有重要意义。近年来的研究表明利用通量上边界能够更好地揭示盆地不同要素对地下水流系统模式转化的影响。基于通量上边界,采用数值模拟方法,研究稳定流条件下,渗透系数随埋深呈指数衰减的非均质含水层对盆地地下水流系统模式转化的影响。结果表明:随着渗透系数随埋深指数衰减程度的加大,盆地潜水面整体抬升,盆地上部地下水流速增大,水力梯度增大;同时,盆地地下水流系统由复杂的多级次水流系统到单一的局部水流系统,顺向局部水流系统占据的空间消减,而逆向局部水流系统占据的空间增大,流速近似为零的局部滞留区域向左下方移动。 相似文献
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As an additive of gasoline,methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE)has a higher solubility in water,which is about 20 times as high as that of benzene.This characteristic results in MTBE dissolving out of the gasoline into the soil and groundwater.Due to relative unique physicochemical behavior of MTBE it would be an ideal candidate for use in environmental forensic investigations.In order to study the transport and distribution of MTBE in saturated zone of ground water,a two-dimensional experimental cell was setup to simulate the real environment of the groundwater flow.The effects of soil and groundwater flow velocity on the MTBE transport were investigated.The results show that the mobile distance of MTBE in vertical direction was smaller than that in horizontal direction paralleling with the groundwater flow.Because the main dynamics of groundwater flow direction was convection and dispersion,the movement of MTBE is also diffusion in the vertical direction.In addition,the transport of MTBE was more quick in high permeability porous media,and the increase of groundwater flow velocity can accelerate the MTBE plume de-velopment,but the irregularity and randomness of the plume are enhanced synchronously.These research results can give some helps for the investigation of MTBE movement in the groundwater,also can make some references for other petroleum contamination behavior. 相似文献
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基于DRASTIC指标体系法的泰安市地下水脆弱性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地下水脆弱性评价是地下水保护工作的核心内容之一,针对泰安市的特点和区域特色,利用DRASTIC方法,选取地下水位埋深、净补给量、含水层介质类型、土壤介质类型、地形坡度、包气带介质类型以及含水层渗透系数7个参数为评价指标,对该地区的地下水脆弱性进行了定量评价,将泰安市地下水的脆弱性分为脆弱性高、较高、中等和低4个等级,并绘制了地下水脆弱性分区图,对该地区今后制订地下水资源管理、土地利用、环境保护及城市规划等政策措施具有较重要的参考指导作用。 相似文献
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Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRB) is a new technology for groundwater pollution remediation. Contaminants are converted into harmless by products in situ as the polluted water passes through a reactive wall. Experimental results demonstrate how reactive media can be used to remove contaminants from polluted water by laying the reactive wall across the flow direction of the water. The most comprehensively studied and applied reactive barrier type uses granulated Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) particles. In this process elemental iron provides a reducing environment which makes reductive dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds feasible or changes redox sensitive metals, so that they are immobilized by a precipitation reaction. A reactive wall column which is made up of ZVI, sand and zeolite has shown the highest contaminant removal capacity compared to the other two which have different components. The potentials of ZVI, zeolite and Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) to remove contaminants are due to their different physico-chemical proper-ties which make them to "sorb"metal contaminants. The results of this experiment show that PRB technology is an efficient method for the treatment of leachate-contaminated groundwater. 相似文献
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非固结储水系统形变的体积互换机理及意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
从不同假定条件下质量守恒方程的物理意义分析入手，提出了反映非固结储水系统形变量与地下水补排水量关系的体积互换机理的理论，为抽注地下流体导致的地形变量的计算及允许开采量的确定提供了理论依据，阐明了储水层形变的水动力学原因在于渗流的非稳定过程。从环境地质及水文地质角度探讨了由于体积互换机理导致的非固结储水层的形变模型与水流模型耦合的必然性以及重新定义非固结储水层随时间变化的导储水参数的必要性。研究成果加深了对地层形变尤其是人类抽注地下流体导致的地层形变灾害(如地裂缝、地面沉降、井管折损等地质灾害)产生机理的理解，为进一步完善地层形变与渗流理论指出了新的研究方向。 相似文献
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地下水年龄和滞留时间包含了地下水循环和演化的重要信息,被广泛用于盆地地下水循环模式的研究。使用多级次地下水流系统演示仪,实验模拟了三级水流系统模式中地下水年龄及滞留时间分布。研究发现,盆地底部、区域流线的下游、盆地滞留区最晚响应;浅部的局部水流系统稳定后的浓度值相对较低;中间水流系统相对深部的区域水流系统也较低,滞留区盐分积累,浓度值相对较大。盆地内部所有监测点的地下水年龄分布曲线都为单峰,区域水流系统的循环时间大于中间水流系统以及局部水流系统。在排泄区监测的滞留时间分布显示不同级次补给会产生早、中、晚峰,并且峰值与地下水流系统的级次性完全对应,可以通过排泄区的峰值判断地下水是从局部、中间或区域水流系统补给而来,以此判断污染物的来源。本研究成果对于地下水的循环演化和地下水流系统理论的完善具有一定的意义。 相似文献
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The spatial distribution of soil physical properties is essential for modeling and understanding hydrological processes. In this study, the different spatial information (the conventional soil types map-based spatial information (STMB) versus refined spatial information map (RSIM)) of soil physical properties, including field capacity, soil porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity are used respectively as input data for Water Flow Model for Lake Catchment (WATLAC) to determine their effectiveness in simulating hydrological processes and to expound the effects on model performance in terms of estimating groundwater recharge, soil evaporation, runoff generation as well as partitioning of surface and subsurface water flow. The results show that: 1) the simulated stream flow hydrographs based on the STMB and RSIM soil data reproduce the observed hydrographs well. There is no significant increase in model accuracy as more precise soil physical properties information being used, but WATLAC model using the RSIM soil data could predict more runoff volume and reduce the relative runoff depth errors; 2) the groundwater recharges have a consistent trend for both cases, while the STMB soil data tend to produce higher groundwater recharges than the RSIM soil data. In addition, the spatial distribution of annual groundwater recharge is significantly affected by the spatial distribution of soil physical properties; 3) the soil evaporation simulated using the STMB and RSIM soil data are similar to each other, and the spatial distribution patterns are also insensitive to the spatial information of soil physical properties; and 4) although the different spatial information of soil physical properties does not cause apparent difference in overall stream flow, the partitioning of surface and subsurface water flow is distinct. The implications of this study are that the refined spatial information of soil physical properties does not necessarily contribute to a more accurate prediction of stream flow, and the selection of appropriate soil physical property data needs to consider the scale of watersheds and the level of accuracy required. 相似文献
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1IntroductionAs industrialization is gaining roots throughout the world and population is increasing, there is the accompanying problem of waste disposal from vari-ous sources. Due to inefficient waste management processes, subsurface water bodies are being con-taminated by various kinds of chemicals (Soliman etal., 1998). PRB is a comparatively new groundwater treat-ment technology where contaminants are converted into harmless by products in situ as the polluted water passes through a re… 相似文献
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山东半岛蓝色经济区的开发建设已成为我国的发展战略。地下水防污性能反映地下水系统遭受污染的可能性,可以为土地利用规划、地下水资源保护规划、地下水水质监测等提供科学依据。该文选取DRASTIC评价方法,对山东半岛蓝色经济区地下水防污性能进行了评价。评价过程中选取地下水埋深、地下水净补给量、含水层介质、土壤介质、地形坡度、包气带介质及渗透系数等7个指标,通过对各指标因子进行赋值,确定权重,进一步划分防污性能等级。评价结果显示研究区按照防污性能等级划分标准可以分为5个区,即防污性能差区、防污性能较差区、防污性能中等区、防污性能较好区、防污性能好区,分别占总面积的0.13%,9.74%,39.76%,40.71%,9.66%。该模型的评价结果客观科学,能有效的为规划部门及地下水资源管理部门服务。 相似文献
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随着招远市社会经济的发展,人类对环境质量的要求越来越高,人类工程活动对土壤造成的污染问题也逐渐显露,加强土壤环境管理是我国环境保护的一项基础性工作,具有十分重要的意义。为查明界河流域地下水及土壤现状,在界河流域自上游到下游布设监测点位,共取水质分析样品66组和土壤样品19组进行化验,分析了地下水和土壤污染监测数据,总结了招远界河流域的水土污染特征,认为界河上游和中游流域土壤以有机污染为主,下游土壤污染为重金属污染,部分区域叠加有机污染形成复合污染,主要重金属成分为镉、砷、汞。结合环境工程领域的环境修复技术,提出了适宜的水土修复方案,为招远市环境修复提出可行性建议。 相似文献
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由于岩溶发育的极不均匀性和岩溶含水介质的多重介质性等特征, 使得岩溶水系统的地下水运动规律呈现出复杂多变的特点, 在孔隙或微小裂隙含水介质中岩溶水满足达西流, 而在岩溶管道中可能出现非达西运动, 这给岩溶区地下水模拟带来了极大挑战。系统地梳理了岩溶水流和溶质运移模拟的主要方法, 总结了复杂岩溶多重介质系统地下水模拟技术的现状, 并结合我国南方岩溶和北方岩溶各自的特点, 提出岩溶水模型在实际应用中需要关注的要点。主要包括: 需加强野外调查和观测, 提高模型中对岩溶含水介质结构非均质性表征的精度; 进一步深化对岩溶水运动机理的研究, 刻画岩溶多重介质的水流特征以及水交换机理; 针对北方岩溶水系统模拟, 可选择等效连续多孔介质模型, 重在耦合区域分布的岩溶溶孔－裂隙介质中慢速渗流与脉状分布的强径流带快速流; 对于南方岩溶区, 建议考虑建立分布式流域水文模型与能刻画集中管道流多流态变化的多重介质模型的岩溶地下水耦合模型。 相似文献
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川东隔档式构造区岩溶地下水流系统表现出多级次嵌套结构的特征, 之前主要是定性的水文地质条件分析, 缺乏来自水化学方面的量化依据。利用41个浅层和19个深层岩溶水样的水化学资料开展分析, 发现浅层岩溶水为HCO3-Ca·Mg型,ρ (Mg2+)较低, 深层岩溶水为SO4-Ca·Mg型且ρ (Mg2+)明显偏高, 说明地下水在岩溶含水层中的滞留时间与ρ (Mg2+)具有正变关系。对典型剖面地下水流系统的分析表明, 优先采用ρ (Mg2+)来评价地下水滞留时间, 将地下水排泄点ρ (Mg2+)小于20, 50 mg/L分别作为划分局部-中间、中间-区域水流系统的依据。浅层岩溶水受地貌作用控制明显, 其中浅切沟谷泉点为局部地下水流系统的排泄点, 深切沟谷泉点一般属于中间或区域流动系统的排泄点。ρ (Mg2+)反映了泉水循环的滞留时间, 也能够反映钻孔所揭露的深循环特征。这种水化学识别方法可为相似岩溶区识别地下水流系统的多级次嵌套结构提供参考。 相似文献
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科学合理评价地下水资源,对统筹规划、合理开发利用区域地下水,保障区域生态环境安全至关重要。获取含水层参数空间变异规律是解决地下水渗流、污染物运移、地下水开发利用等诸多地下水问题的重要基础。然而,受常规勘察技术所限,含水层非均质性难以直接刻画。两点地质统计学通过变异函数确定随机变量相关关系,解决地质变量空间线性估计并表征其各向异性;多点地质统计学突破了空间两点间相关关系的局限,通过多点训练图像建模,有效反映含水层参数变量空间分布特征,也更适合模拟复杂结构地质体。据此,本文对常用的两点地质统计学在含水层参数空间变异研究中的实际应用作了简述和探讨,并以含水层渗透系数为媒介,阐述了岩土电阻率和水力梯度或水头与渗透系数在地质统计学中运用的限制性协同关系。应用对比了多点地质统计建模与传统地质统计建模相比所具有的优势,并探讨了后者受自身算法、建模方法等制约现如今仍然尚未解决的问题及未来发展方向。指出在卫星、雷达及遥感技术快速发展背景下,数据同化、机器学习等手段融合、集成和尺度推绎多源、多空间、多分辨率空间数据帮助地质统计学实现数值建模是大势所趋。 相似文献
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工程建设改变地下水流场危及建筑物的安全。以济南经十路沿线大型地下综合体为例, 通过数值模拟计算工程建设对地下水渗流场的影响, 并建立了地下水流场修复模型。结果表明: 地下空间结构会阻挡地下水运移, 地下水水位壅高造成地基承载力降低; 将地下工程设置导流措施后, 其迎水面水位随时间呈现衰减趋势, 且越接近天然状态水位衰减速率越慢; 因地层结构差异, 壅高水位基本回落的时间存在较大差异; 不同地质条件下流场修复所需导流井数量与导流几何体结构参数呈负相关关系, 所需导流井数量的预测方程反映了地质条件的复杂性和多变性。除导流几何体自身结构外, 围岩水力梯度与渗透系数对导水能力产生影响, 其中渗透系数大小制约导水速率的快慢, 水力梯度则控制导水行为的发生。导流措施的实施可减小工程建设对地下水环境的影响, 确保地下工程建设对水环境影响可控。 相似文献
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江汉平原水质性缺水问题日益突出,识别江汉平原地下水流系统分布模式,对地下水资源的合理利用与保护具有重要意义.选取江汉平原典型区域,综合水文地质条件、水动力场及水化学同位素指标深入分析地下水补给过程、水岩作用及滞留时间.得出由于碳酸盐岩的溶解,研究区的地下水化学类型属于HCO3-Ca (Mg)型.地下水中典型离子随深度增加逐渐降低,同位素随深度增加逐渐偏负,表现出地下水流系统呈局部与区域水流系统的特点,系统深度界限在10~20m.独立而复杂的局部水流系统在平枯水期地下水向河渠地表水排泄.根据3H的含量,局部水流为现代水,水循环交替迅速.受地形控制,中深层地下水总体由西和西北向东和东南径流,汇入汉江和长江,为区域水流系统.由于补给源的高程效应,区域水流的18O值存在明显分区,指示不同的补给来源与水流路径.山前丘陵区基本为现代水,向平原腹地纵深至汉江和长江排泄区,地下水年龄在几百年至6000a不等,水循环交替缓慢.研究发现江汉平原低洼排泄区存在区域水流的顶托补给,可为原生劣质水的分布与聚集研究提供依据. 相似文献
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Potential role of feldspathic sandstone as a natural water retaining agent in Mu Us Sandy Land, Northwest China 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
This paper analyzed the water-retention mechanism of feldspathic sandstone(fine-(<1 mm diam.)and gravel-sized(2-3 cm diam.)in Mu Us Sandy Land,Northwest China.The objective of this study is to study the effect of feldspathic sandstone amendment on water retention in sandy land.The results showed that as the proportion of fine feldspathic sandstone in the sandy land soil increased,the soil texture changed from sand to silt loam,the capillary porosity gradually increased from 26.3%to 44.9%,and the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased from 7.10 mm/min to 0.07 mm/min.Feldspathic sandstone gravel formed micro-reservoirs in the sandy land soil,playing the role of a′water absorbent′and′water retaining agent′in sandy land.Amendment with feldspathic sandstone can increase water retention in the arable layer of sandy land by 67%.This study provides a theoretical basis for the amelioration of sandy land on a large scale.It can be concluded that amendment with feldspathic sandstone can improve the physical properties of sandy land soil and increase soil water retention. 相似文献
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由地下水补给、径流和排泄过程构成的地下水循环运动，是水文循环的重要组成部分，也是水文地质学的基本研究对象。地下水循环在空间上表现为不同结构单元的组合，存在以含水层特性为依据的介质结构和以渗流场为依据的动力结构2种划分方法。地下水流系统是动力结构意义上的地下水循环单元。近10年来，区域地下水流系统理论取得了显著进展，更加全面深入地揭示了地下水循环结构的动力学特性。通过对河间地块地下水流系统的研究，发现潜水面最高点并非地下水分水岭的准确位置。在盆地尺度上，系统研究了沟谷地貌、降水入渗强度、渗透性随埋深变化和盆地厚度等因素对潜水面波形与地下水循环动力结构的影响，初步发现了动力结构的周期性或趋势性演化特征。通过大规模流线路径的精细识别或驻留时间的统计分析，提出了三维地下水循环单元的划分方法。在水文地质效应方面，发现地下水循环的动力结构对地下水年龄的分布有重要影响。地下水循环的动力结构反映了不同补给区和排泄区之间的水力联系，在盆地尺度地球化学过程、流域尺度生态水文过程中发挥着关键作用，未来的研究重点是三维地下水循环的动力特性和演变规律。 相似文献