共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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热带气旋作为一种海上灾害性天气,对“海上丝绸之路”海上航运影响重大。本文基于西北太平洋和北印度洋1990—2017年的热带气旋路径数据,结合热带气旋风场参数模型,利用缓冲区分析、叠加分析等GIS空间分析技术,系统研究了“海上丝绸之路”主要海域、主要海区、关键通道受热带气旋影响频次以及热带气旋危险性的时空分布特征。主要结论：① “海上丝绸之路”主要海域受热带气旋影响严重,表现在热带气旋影响范围广、影响频次高,其中西北太平洋较北印度洋受热带气旋影响更为严重,危险性更大;② 西北太平洋的15°N—30°N,120°E-—145°E海域热带气旋危险性最高;③ 热带气旋危险性季节变化较为明显,秋夏两季危险性较高,冬春两季危险性较低,在夏秋两季各月份中,7、8、9、10月危险最高;④ 在各海区中,中国东部海区热带气旋危险最高,其次是南海、日本海、孟加拉湾、阿拉伯海,而红海和波斯湾不受热带气旋影响;在各关键通道中,吕宋海峡热带气旋危险性最高,其次是台湾海峡、对马海峡、宗谷海峡、鞑靼海峡、保克海峡、霍尔木兹海峡,而马六甲海峡和曼德海峡无热带气旋危险。 相似文献
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近30年西北太平洋热带气旋时空特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用近30年热带气旋年鉴建立了西北太平洋热带气旋灾害数据库,以.NET和ArcGIS Engine搭建了二次开发平台(其包括登录界面、图查属性、 属性查图、数据库分析处理等功能),分析了西北太平洋热带气旋的时间特征、空间特征,以及时空变化特征。结果表明,30年来西北太平洋共生成905次热带气旋,年均30.2次/年。其中,7-10月最容易发生热带气旋,占所有热带气旋的35.7%,8月份达到峰值,达21.5%,2月最不容易发生热带气旋,发生频率仅为0.6%,而8-10月是强台风和超强台风发生的月份。热带气旋源地集中区位于(10°~22°N,112°~120°E)、(8°~20°N,126°~134°E)和(6°~20°N,136°~150°E),具有纬度带和经度带的分布特性。源地的空间分布存在明显的季节变化和月变化特征,在季节尺度上,夏季主要集中在偏北偏西位置,并向南向东偏移,冬季向北向西偏移;在月尺度上,1-4月源地相对分散;5-6月相对于1-4月的源地位置发生向西向北方向转移;7月向东向北扩散,8-9月向西扩散,9月源地相对集中,10月热带气旋源地南移, 11-12月热带气旋源地范围明显减小。 相似文献
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《广东海洋大学学报》2020,(4)
【目的】探讨PDO不同位相期间MJO对南海热带气旋生成的影响。【方法】基于热带气旋最佳路径数据集、向外长波辐射和大气再分析资料,采用高斯滤波、经验正交函数分解和合成分析等方法。【结果与结论】南海热带气旋在PDO正(负)位相期间生成较多(少);PDO正位相期间,MJO对南海热带气旋的调制作用更强,热带气旋日生成率在MJO活跃位相和非活跃位相之比达5.60,远高于PDO负位相期间的2.59。在PDO正位相期间,MJO信号在南海北部更强,使得影响热带气旋生成的各动力因子在MJO活跃和非活跃位相的差异更大,从而导致在PDO正位相期间MJO对南海热带气旋生成的调制作用更强。 相似文献
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以ＭＭ４模式为框架,研制并建立了东海近海热带气旋及天气数值预报系统,将对热带气旋的预报和一般天气的预报统一在一个模式中,并实现了业务自动化控制,自１９９４年台风季节起投入了业务试验和准业务的运行。结果表明：该系统对东海近海热带气旋路径、风场、降水及江淮梅雨降水具有较好的预报能力 相似文献
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汶川地震前成都台重力的高频扰动 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
汶川8.0级地震发生前48小时，距震中约37千米的成都地震台GS15型重力仪记录到了附有高频扰动的潮汐观测数据。对该仪器不同时段观测数据的比较表明：这种高频扰动主要来自外界因素的影响。对2008年32个热带气旋，以及5.0—7.0级地震的统计分析表明：与热带气旋对应出现的高频扰动比例高于地震震前出现的扰动,而且低等级的相似距离的热带气旋也能够产生类似扰动现象。由此判定，汶川地震前48小时成都地震台出现的重力高频扰动主要来自热带气旋的影响。 相似文献
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《成都信息工程学院学报》1992,(2)
为测试建筑材料、车辆及艺术品等在各种自然气候条件下的承受力,法国建成世界上迄今最大的模似气候风洞,可人工制造降雨、阳光、热气、寒流、暴风雪、沙漠和热带气旋等各种自然气候,以满足科学研究和工业生产方面的需求。 相似文献
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雷小途 《成都信息工程学院学报》2000,15(3):196-203
利用含地形、摩擦及非绝热加热外源强迫的准地转正压涡度方程模式 ,通过构造理想的坡地地形及椭圆型岛地形 ,首先分析了孤立地形的动力抬升作用及动力抬升、摩擦、非绝热加热 3者共同作用下对热带气旋 (TC)移动的影响。发现 :地形的动力抬升、摩擦作用以及地形附近海域的非绝热加热对TC移动均有影响 ;然后 ,引入了我国东南近海的实际地形 ,通过数值试验分析了TC移经或登陆在近海不同位置时TC移向、移速的可能变化 ,并给出了近海地形对TC移向、移速影响的空间分布。 相似文献
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《广东海洋大学学报》2019,(1)
【目的】分析海面温度(sea surface temperature,SST)对南海台风强度的影响。【方法】以南海为研究区域,以中国气象局热带气旋资料中心热带气旋最佳路径数据集为基础,利用Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑算法和多项式插值算法将台风数据进行插值,对强化值和SST值在南海区域的网格单元进行平均,建立模型并对其做回归分析,分析台风强度强化程度与SST模型之间的关系,以及检验模型残差的分布。通过数据提供的台风轨迹的增强率,来检验SST对台风强度变化的影响。【结果】建立台风强化值与SST之间的回归模式,平均而言,平均SST每增加1℃,台风强度强化度增加12.5%。该模型具有统计学意义,即台风高强度强化值与高海温值相关。【结论】本研究建立的统计模型对南海台风强度的预报有较好的指示效果。 相似文献
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The Bohai Sea is a low-lying semi-enclosed sea area that is linked to the Yellow Sea via the Bohai straits(mixed zone). Its of fshore seabed is shallow, which makes it vulnerable to serious marine meteorological disasters associated with the northward passage of Pacific tropical cyclones. Analyses on data of remote sensing and buoy of the mixed zone of the Yellow and Bohai seas indicate that all the wind speed, significant wave height, and salinity(SAL) increased, sea surface temperature decreased, and wind energy density changed considerably during the passage of tropical cyclone Matmo on July 25, 2014. It was found that the SAL inversion layer in the mixed zone of the Yellow and Bohai Seas was caused by the tropical cyclone. Furthermore, it was found that the tropical cyclone transported the northern Yellow Sea cold water mass(NYSCWM) into the mixed zone of the Yellow and Bohai Seas. The NYSCWM has direct influence on both the aquaculture and the ecological environment of the region. Therefore, further research is needed to establish the mechanism behind the formation of the SAL inversion layer in the mixed zone, and to determine the influence of tropical cyclones on the NYSCWM. 相似文献
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With the use of data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, the environment and structure of typhoon Toraji (2001) are investigated during the re-intensification (RI) stage of its extratropical transition (ET), a process in which a tropical cyclone transforms into an extratropical or mid-latitude cyclone. The results provide detailed insight into the ET system and identify the specific features of the system, including wind field, a cold and dry intrusion, and a frontal structure in the RI stage. The irrotational wind provides the values of upper-and lower-level jets within the transitioning tropical cyclone and the cyclone over Shandong Peninsula, accompanied with the reduced radius of maximum surface winds around the cyclone center in the lower troposphere. Simultaneously, dry air intrusion enhances the formation of fronts and leads to strong potential instability in the southwest and northeast quadrants. The distribution of frontogenesis shows that the tilting term associated with vertical motion dominates the positive frontogenesis surrounding the cyclone center, especially in the RI stage. The diagnostics of the kinetic energy budget suggest that the divergent kinetic energy generation whose time evolution corresponds well to that of cyclone center pressure is the primary factor for the development of Toraji in the lower troposphere. The ET of Toraji is a compound pattern that contains a development similar to that of a B-type extratropical cyclone within the maintaining phase and an A-type extratropical cyclone within the strengthening period, which corresponds to the distribution of the E-P fluxes with vertically downward propagation in the maintaining stage and upwards momentum in the strengthening phase. 相似文献
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为从现今庞大的GNSS观测网络中快速检测断层蠕滑形变，精细反演蠕滑时空分布及演变特征，提出集GNSS网络滤波、地表形变信息提取和地下断层蠕滑时空分布反演三者于一体的方法。该方法同时采用整个GNSS网络的时空观测阵列，利用断层形变高空间相关的特点，对覆盖断裂带地表的GNSS位移时空序列进行主成分分析，利用主成分信息快速检测并反演蠕滑断层的时空分布与演变过程。以2005年苏门答腊MW8.6地震震后余滑和2006年墨西哥Guerrero州慢滑移为例，本文方法可成功检测并反演蠕滑断层的时空分布及演变特征，结果与相关研究成果吻合。 相似文献
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多粒度时空对象具有多粒度、多类型、多形态、多参照系、多元关联、多维动态、多能自主特点,可用于直接描述从微观到宏观的现实世界。基于时空对象建模理论构建多尺度地理对象耦合演化的集成表达是多粒度时空对象模型支撑地理分析与建模的关键。本文基于多粒度时空对象建模理论,在概率图和条件概率表的基础上发展了一种基于Bayes网络的地理过程演化表达和建模方法。该方法将多粒度时空对象作为Bayes网络节点,根据多粒度时空对象间的关联关系构建Bayes网络,利用Bayes概率表达多粒度时空对象间关联关系的作用强度,并通过更新算子和概率图模型描述要素特征状态的动态变化。基于此方法,选取新安江模型,进行多粒度时空对象地理过程建模和模拟实验。采用呈村1989—1995年水文数据为训练数据,1996年水文数据为模拟数据,通过降水面、蒸发面、产流面和汇流面构造Bayes网络并模拟产流量和汇流量状态;实验结果表明本文方法不仅可以对水文过程进行演化建模,并且可以较好地模拟水文过程中的产流量和汇流量变化,正确率达97.5%和95.9%。 相似文献
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This paper focuses on the effects of two types of El Niño events on tropical cyclone activity. We classified El Niño events from 1961 to 2015 according to their sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies into an eastern type and a central type. Then we selected strong tropical cyclones to statistically analyze the tropical cyclone characteristics during different events and their effects, as well as to study the possible mechanisms related to thermodynamic and dynamic factors. The tropical cyclone generation areas were found to be very similar during the two kinds of events. The average number of tropical cyclone in the eastern event is more than that in central event, and the hurricane in northeastern Pacific (HNP) has more energy than the typhoon in northwestern Pacific (TNP) in all cases. The seasonal distribution of the TNP high-incidence centers during central El Niño events is opposite to that of the HNP. The TNP accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) intensity is similar in the fall and summer, and the HNP ACE intensity in the summer is greater than that in the fall. The SSTs are consistent with the TNP and HNP movement trends. The Walker circulation intensity was strongly affected by the eastern events, but it quickly returned to its normal state, while the intensity was slightly reduced in the central events, and it slowly returned to its normal state. The vertical velocity distributions in the Pacific are different at different stages of both events, and the distributions of vertical velocity anomalies for typhoons and hurricanes are consistent. 相似文献
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对空间事物的表达与研究模型主要针对多粒度时空数据本身的描述,而不是描述多粒度时空对象的相关性。多粒度时空对象是一种新的时空对象表达方法,其中时空对象关系的演化过程是一种抽象的复杂的网络的过程。本文在多粒度时空对象表达的基础上,对其演化过程进行形式化定义,提出以时变网络的方法构建初步的关系演化过程模型。通过对基于时间切片的退耕还林演化过程关系的描述与表达,形成动态实时变化的网络模型,从而抽象表达退耕还林过程中的对象关系的演化过程。应用时变网络明确多粒度时空对象关系的演化过程,并对演化过程进行初步的表达和建模,可以使对象关系变化更加清晰化,提高其层次性和效率性,为今后研究多粒度时空对象关系变化规律奠定基础。 相似文献
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An explosive extratropical cyclone(EC)over the Eastern Asian region that caused two shipwrecks is analyzed using ERA-Interim reanalysis data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts.Analyses of the evolution of the EC reveal that the positive potential vorticity(PV)at the upper-tropospheric level displays a hook-shaped structure during the mature period of the cyclone.The PV distribution forms a vertically coherent PV structure called a PV tower.The vertical distribution of the PV can induce and strengthen cyclonic circulation from the lower-to upper-levels of troposphere,which is an important deepening mechanism of explosive cyclone.The PV tower occurs approximately ten hours prior to the development of surface occlusion in the cyclone.The evolution of surface fronts closely follows the development of the horizontal upper-tropospheric PV.This tandem development is largely attributed to the ability of the positive upper-tropospheric PV and the PV tower to induce cyclonic circulation simultaneously.The kinematic wrap-up process of cyclonic circulation also accelerates the formation of warm occlusion.A conceptual model of the distributions of positive PV and potential temperature combining the perspectives of dynamic tropopause folding,PV tower,and atmospheric stability,including westward tilting and baroclinicity,is proposed.This model can illustrate the explosive deepening mechanism of ECs.The regions of convective instability and rainfall determined by this model are consistent with those identified from the actual observation. 相似文献