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1.
在库水位波动和降雨作用的共同影响下，库岸滑坡的变形规律往往更为复杂。以三峡库区麻柳林滑坡为例，基于野外调查、钻探编录、深部位移监测以及数值模拟等手段，分析了库水位波动和降雨作用下滑坡变形特征及演化规律。结果表明:麻柳林滑坡在粉质黏土层和块石层交界处发育一个次级滑带，目前该滑坡主要沿次级滑带运动，导致次级滑动的原因与坡体物质的差异性有关；Si(Sf)指标分析法揭示滑坡的滑带还未完全破坏，滑坡仍处于蠕变状态；根据三峡水库水位调度规律，将一个完整水文年划分为6个阶段，数值模拟结果表明滑坡在库水位缓慢下降阶段变形速率较小、在快速下降阶段和低水位阶段变形速率持续增大、在快速上升阶段和缓慢上升阶段以及高水位阶段变形速率则保持平稳。其中，降雨的直接影响和降雨导致库水位波动进而对滑坡变形造成的间接影响，使得麻柳林滑坡在低水位阶段的变形显著增加、稳定性最差，应加强该时段内滑坡的监测和预警。 相似文献
2.
滑坡位移的变化除受控于其内在的地质条件之外,也受到外在诱发因素动态作用的影响。为更好地揭示滑坡位移变化
与诱发因素的综合关系,运用多种数据预处理方法对滑坡位移监测数据进行了处理分析。以巫山监测预警示范站玉皇阁崩滑体
为例,分别采用t检验准则、正交多项式及三次样条函数进行数据剔除处理、数据平滑处理及数据等距化处理,在得到有效数据的
基础上,对滑坡位移量与降雨量、库水位变化等诱发因素进行了相关分析。结果表明,滑坡位移量与降雨量、库水位变化等诱发因
素存在较强的相关性,同时具有典型的滞后性,其中,连续降雨与库水位下降是滑坡变形主要的直接诱发因素,且连续降雨对滑坡
位移影响的滞后时间为0~6d,库水位下降对滑坡位移影响的滞后时间为0~21d。 相似文献
与诱发因素的综合关系,运用多种数据预处理方法对滑坡位移监测数据进行了处理分析。以巫山监测预警示范站玉皇阁崩滑体
为例,分别采用t检验准则、正交多项式及三次样条函数进行数据剔除处理、数据平滑处理及数据等距化处理,在得到有效数据的
基础上,对滑坡位移量与降雨量、库水位变化等诱发因素进行了相关分析。结果表明,滑坡位移量与降雨量、库水位变化等诱发因
素存在较强的相关性,同时具有典型的滞后性,其中,连续降雨与库水位下降是滑坡变形主要的直接诱发因素,且连续降雨对滑坡
位移影响的滞后时间为0~6d,库水位下降对滑坡位移影响的滞后时间为0~21d。 相似文献
3.
针对2016年5月发生于秭归县西北部的谭家湾滑坡,结合卫星遥感影像、现场勘查资料以及历史资料等多源数据,初步明确了滑坡的影响区域、特征及发生时序;综合采用钻探、槽探、物探等手段,开展室内外相关实验,明确了滑坡区的地层特性以及岩土体物理力学性质指标,通过分析该区裂缝位移及GPS数据,对该边坡的变形机制进行了探讨,并对该区稳定性进行了评价。结果表明:①谭家湾滑坡属于不规则"圈椅形"中型松散层的水库下降型滑坡,滑坡区的地表形态、地质构造及岩性等因素决定了滑坡的形成和发育,库水位和降雨的共同作用激励了滑坡的变形;②滑坡根据时序共分为3级滑体,总体呈现多次、多层、相互影响的演化特点,第三级滑体具有牵引式特征;③滑坡体内地下水位随库水位下降而下降,但下降速率缓于库水位,随之坡体内水力梯度和渗透力显著变大,此时碰到强降雨,将会导致坡体地下水赋存,岩土体软化,加剧滑坡变形,须施加必要的防护措施。④稳定性分析表明,该滑坡现处于临界稳定状态,一旦发生降雨和库水位变化,局部段可能发生失稳滑动。 相似文献
4.
三峡库区大型-特大型滑坡发育，尤以层状岩质滑坡的危害性大。因库区各段地质条件差异使得滑坡成因模式各不相同，这影响了滑坡的运动形式和岩土体解体程度。在收集三峡库区51处典型的大型-特大型层状岩质滑坡调查资料基础上，根据堆积岩体结构和区段地质条件反推该段滑坡破坏成因模式，而不同成因模式下的滑坡坡体渗透性不同，分析已有滑坡对库水位变动存在的复活响应差异，据此得出以下结论:①在成因模式上，除顺层滑移型滑坡在库区中均有分布外，从库首至库尾随着岩层倾角的逐渐减缓，滑坡成因模式从崩塌型、反倾弯曲型逐渐过渡到平推式；②在坡体渗透性上，成因模式造成的岩体结构变化与坡体中的泥质含量共同作用，导致顺层滑移型滑坡前后缘渗透性存在较大差异；反倾型滑坡渗透性则整体变化较小；③在库水位变动影响下，不同坡体渗透性与滑面形态共同决定了滑坡的复活变形差异。 相似文献
5.
顾及降雨及库水位因素的滑坡时滞分析与预测——以三峡库区新铺滑坡为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
降雨及库水位涨落是引起库岸滑坡形变失稳的主要诱发因素,但滑坡位移速率对此类诱发因素的响应具有一定的滞后性,影响人类对滑坡所处运动状态的判断与预测。针对常规预测模型中未考虑时滞效应的问题,利用三峡库区新铺滑坡的GNSS位移监测数据、奉节气象站降雨数据以及三峡库区库水位涨落数据,通过对监测区内9个GNSS监测点的位移速率序列与降雨量、库水位高程序列进行时滞互相关分析,确定时滞参数,进而应用多变量灰色系统理论方法,建立了时滞GM(1,3)预测模型,并对滑坡位移速率进行预测验证。结果表明:三峡库区新铺滑坡位移速率与降雨量显著相关,对降雨量的响应滞后时间约为5 d,滑体中后部受降雨影响比前缘更明显;位移速率与库水位高程高度相关,对三峡库区库水位涨落的响应滞后时间约为31 d,滑坡前缘受库水位涨落影响更明显,且离长江越近,滞后时间越短;利用加入时滞参数的时滞GM(1,3)模型进行预测,模型拟合优度达到0.702,相比GM(1,1)模型和未顾及时滞因素的GM(1,3)模型,预测精度分别提升了53.8%和58.3%,平均绝对误差百分比分别降低了7.19%和7.47%,在滑坡位移速率预测及库岸滑坡防灾减灾领域具有一定的工程应用价值。 相似文献
6.
降雨入渗和人工开挖是诱发黄土滑坡的重要因素, 为了研究在这2种诱因作用下关中地区黄土滑坡失稳过程及其对稳定性的影响, 以陕西省长武县杨厂村老庙滑坡为研究对象, 通过现场调查、地质测绘和钻孔勘探, 查明了该滑坡变形特征, 定性分析了滑坡变形演变过程; 基于滑坡变形前15 d内日降雨量实测值, 采用有限元软件, 对坡脚开挖后连续降雨作用下滑坡形成过程进行了仿真模拟; 基于强度折减法对该滑坡稳定性变化规律进行了研究。结果表明: ①关中地区特殊的地层结构是滑坡变形的内因, 降雨是最主要的诱发因素; ②滑坡失稳演化过程表现为: 坡体处于蠕滑状态, 坡脚开挖后, 坡体前缘失稳, 牵引中后缘坡体向下错动而产生张拉裂缝, 在降雨作用下, 雨水沿裂缝渗入坡体深部, 滑坡中部岩土体浸水后抗剪强度降低, 从而导致黄土层与红黏土层接触面饱水形成贯通滑带, 诱发深层滑坡; ③滑坡开挖后较初始状态, 稳定性系数降幅为0.102, 此后受连续降雨影响, 稳定性系数在前10 d以平均0.010/d的速率缓慢下降, 第10~13 d以0.034/d的速率快速下降至最低, 第13 d以后开始回升。研究结果可以为该类滑坡防治提供有效依据。 相似文献
7.
滑坡变形演化特征一直是滑坡灾害预测与防治领域急需解决的关键问题, 但对于多层滑带滑坡的变形演化特征却少有研究。以物理模型试验为手段建立了三层滑带滑坡物理试验模型, 完成了多层滑带滑坡变形演化全过程的模拟。基于PIV技术获取坡表位移数据, 通过柔性测斜仪监测滑坡深部位移, 同时布设土压力盒获取滑坡内部土压力的变化情况, 实现了多层滑带滑坡演化过程多参量数据分析。试验结果表明, 多层滑带滑坡破坏过程可分为初始、等速、加速和破坏4个阶段。不同破坏阶段滑坡的主要变形区域不同, 下层滑体受到上层滑体牵引作用, 在重力和推力作用下滑坡变形逐渐向浅层发展。变形过程中滑坡应力逐渐向滑带集中, 滑坡推力沿埋深方向呈多级梯形分布。加速变形阶段滑带处应力迅速增大, 滑坡体内产生多层应力集中带, 滑带位置推力变化与滑坡位移显著相关。 相似文献
8.
三峡库区堆积层滑坡在季节性降雨和库水λ周期波动的影响下呈现间歇性活动特征,滑坡活动强度与诱 发因素作用强度和时间关系密切.以三峡库区白水河滑坡为例,分析了堆积层滑坡间歇性活动特征和诱发因素, 发现降雨和库水λ下降是滑坡变形的主要诱发因素.根据滑坡时序曲线特征,将滑坡累积λ移分解为趋势项λ 移和周期项λ移,采用多项式拟合的方法来预测趋势项λ移,利用长短期记忆神经网络模型来预测周期项λ移, 并与极限学习机模型、广义回归神经网络模型的预测结果进行了对比分析,发现长短期记忆神经网络模型预测滑 坡间歇性活动精度更高. 相似文献
9.
以三峡库区某复活型深层老滑坡为例,着重分析前缘监测点累积位移与库水位变动及降雨量的相关性,发现该复活型深层老滑坡前缘的变形与库水位下降具有明显的对应关系,并存在一定时间的滞后。根据太沙基有效应力原理与Mohr Coulomb强度准则,揭示了诱发因素影响下的孔隙水压力扩散是这一滞后响应的关键机制。对于极限平衡状态下的库岸深层老滑坡,由降雨及库水位变动产生的孔隙水压力增量需经一定时间段后才能传递到滑动面处,并影响滑动面处的孔隙水压力进而产生滑动速度,且这一滞后时间与滑坡体的水力扩散系数及滑坡体厚度密切相关。基于理论分析,对取自于该滑坡前缘的滑带土进行了孔隙水压力扩散的模拟试验,证实了该机制过程的合理性。同时,该机制的揭示对解决当前滑坡位移预测模型尚不能考虑滞后效应这一问题具有参考价值。 相似文献
10.
以奉节新铺下二台滑坡为例, 基于GPS位移监测数据、裂缝数据、降雨量及库水位等多源数据, 总结分析了大型古滑坡的复活规律, 引入滑坡中长期预报模型, 实现了以季度或月份为时间单位的跨水文年滑坡位移预测, 并通过岩土体蠕变压缩模型, 验证了推移式滑坡后缘裂缝形成机理。结果表明: ①降雨是下二台滑坡变形的主导因素, 滑坡变形使得滑体产生裂缝并成为降雨入渗通道, 加剧了岩体破碎与软弱层软化, 降低了滑坡稳定性, 集中持续降雨可使滑坡失稳破坏; ②通过模型预测值与地表监测数据的比较, 将年降雨量作为滑坡中长期预报模型中的主控因素具有实际可操作性且有助于提高滑坡中长预报精度; ③推移式滑坡后缘裂缝由滑坡推移式位移和岩土体压缩形成, 引入蠕变压缩模型计算的裂缝宽度并和监测数据的比较说明, 蠕变压缩模型非常适合该类边坡, 同时应用岩土体蠕变压缩模型反推得到岩土体平均变形模量, 判断岩体破碎程度, 可以为滑坡稳定性分析及后续工程治理提供参考。 相似文献
11.
库岸滑坡体分布广泛,在库水位升降和降雨条件下极易失稳。三板溪水电站东岭信滑坡堆积体总方量2 000×104 m3,最大厚度150 m,2006年水电站蓄水后滑坡体开始出现大变形,每年雨季加剧。首先经野外地质勘察和十余年监测数据整理,探明了地质条件和变形规律;其次使用SEEP/W模块对不同库水位升降速率、2019年库水位结合实测降雨条件下的饱和-非饱和流进行模拟,并采用SLOPE/W分别计算不同时刻的稳定系数。分析认为东岭信为超深层滑坡,其变形过程深受库水位升降和降雨影响;滑坡体具有明显的滞水特征,渗流过程复杂;在库水位上升过程中稳定系数不断下降,而在库水位消落过程中稳定性逐渐增强;在库水位上升和强降雨量共同作用下稳定性下降很快,汛后10 d左右达到最低值,此时的稳定性最差。本研究可用于指导库水位升降和降雨条件下大型滑坡体稳定性评价。 相似文献
12.
In order to reach the designated final water level of 175 m, there were three impoundment stages in the Three Gorges Reservoir, with water levels of 135 m, 156 m and 175 m. Baishuihe landslide in the Reservoir was chosen to analyze its displacement characteristics and displacement variability at the different stages. Based on monitoring data, the landslide displacement was mainly influenced by rainfall and drawdown of the reservoir water level. However, the magnitude of the rise and drawdown of the water level after the reservoir water level reached 175 m did not accelerate landslide displacement. The prediction of landslide displacement for active landslides is very important for landslide risk management. The time series of cumulative displacement was divided into a trend term and a periodic term using the Hodrick-Prescott(HP) filter method. The polynomial model was used to predict the trend term. The extreme learning machine(ELM) and least squares support vector machine(LS-SVM) were chosen to predict theperiodic term. In the prediction model for the periodic term, input variables based on the effects of rainfall and reservoir water level in landslide displacement were selected using grey relational analysis. Based on the results, the prediction precision of ELM is better than that of LS-SVM for predicting landslide displacement. The method for predicting landslide displacement could be applied by relevant authorities in making landslide emergency plans in the future. 相似文献
13.
Liang Qiao Xing-min Meng Guan Chen Yi Zhang Peng Guo Run-qiang Zeng Ya-jun Li 《山地科学学报》2017,14(6):1113-1123
A colluvial landslide in a debris flow valley is a typical phenomena and is easily influenced by rainfall. The direct destructiveness of this kind of landslide is small, however, if failure occurs the resulting blocking of the channel may lead to a series of magnified secondary hazards. For this reason it is important to investigate the potential response of this type of landslide to rainfall. In the present paper, the Goulingping landslide, one of the colluvial landslides in the Goulingping valley in the middle of the Bailong River catchment in Gansu Province, China, was chosen for the study. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), together with traditional monitoring methods, were used to monitor changes in water content and the deformation of the landslide caused by rainfall. ERT was used to detect changes in soil water content induced by rainfall. The most significant findings were as follows:(1) the water content in the centralupper part (0~41 m) of the landslide was greater than in the central-front part (41~84 m) and (2) there was a relatively high resistivity zone at depth within the sliding zone. The deformation characteristics at the surface of the landslide were monitored by TLS and the results revealed that rainstorms caused three types of deformation and failure: (1) gully erosion at the slope surface; (2) shallow sliding failure; (3) and slope foot erosion. Subsequent monitoring of continuous changes in pore-water pressure, soil pressure and displacement (using traditional methods) indicated that long duration light rainfall (average 2.22 mm/d) caused the entire landslide to enter a state of creeping deformation at the beginning of the rainy season. Shear-induced dilation occurred for the fast sliding (30.09 mm/d) during the critical failure sub-phase (EF). Pore-water pressure in the sliding zone was affected by rainfall. In addition, the sliding L1 parts of the landslide exerted a discontinuous pressure on the L2 part. Through the monitoring and analysis, we conclude that this kind of landslide may have large deformation at the beginning and the late of the rainy season. 相似文献
14.
Building vulnerability evaluation in landslide deformation phase 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Building vulnerability evaluation is important in the risk assessment on earthquake and flood hazards. But for landslide hazard, it is also a very important part for the people in buildings. Most discussions or researches about building vulnerability are for landslide failure, few for landslide in deformation phase. For this objective, this paper discussed about building vulnerability evaluation using Zhaoshuling landslide as an example Zhaoshuling landslide named located in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. After a field survey on the geological condition of landslide, detailed field investigation on the buildings’ location and structure is carried out. To get landslide surface deformation, numerical simulation method is used under the combining condition of water fluctuation and rainfall. Then building deformation and probable damage degree is analyzed according to landslide surface deformation and the relative theory in mining. Based on the national standard building damage classification system, the vulnerability of all the buildings on the landslide is semi-quantitatively evaluated. 相似文献
15.
三峡水库运行过程中库岸滑坡的变形演化往往滞后于库水位的变化, 表现出时间滞后效应, 而且随渗透系数和库水位波动速率的不同, 滞后效应亦不同。以三峡库区白家包滑坡为例, 通过现场调查、监测数据分析以及数值模拟的方法, 研究了滑坡在不同渗透系数k 和不同库水位下降速率v 条件下的变形滞后时间变化规律。研究表明: 滑体渗透系数一定时, 库水位下降速率越大, 地下水滞后越明显; 库水位下降速率一定时, 滑体渗透系数越大, 地下水下降越快。当滑体渗透系数一定时, 库水位下降速率越大, 滑坡的变形滞后时间越短; 滑体渗透系数k =0.85 m/d时不同库水位下降速率作用下滑坡的变形滞后时间为3.74~9 d, 当0.47＜v /k ＜1.18时, 0.24＜相对变形滞后时间＜1;当1.18＜v /k ＜2.38时, 0＜相对变形滞后时间＜0.24。当库水位下降速率一定时, 滑体渗透系数越大, 滑坡变形滞后时间越短, 不同库水位下降速率下滑坡变形滞后时间随渗透系数的变化规律大致相同; 库水位下降速率v =1.8 m/d时不同滑体渗透系数下滑坡的变形滞后时间为1.7~8 d, 当0.52＜v /k ＜0.84时, 0＜相对变形滞后时间＜0.16;当0.84＜v /k ＜2.12时, 0.16＜相对变形滞后时间＜0.43;当2.12＜v /k ＜9时, 0.43＜相对变形滞后时间＜1。研究成果对水库滑坡预测预警具有较强的应用价值。 相似文献
16.
《山地科学学报》2020,17(1):191-202
Many landslides in reservoir areas continuously deform under cyclic water level fluctuations due to reservoir operations. In this paper,a landslide model, developed for a typical colluvial landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, is used to study the effect of cyclic water level fluctuations on the landslide. Five cyclic water level fluctuations were implemented in the test, and the fluctuation rate in the last two fluctuations doubled over the first three fluctuations. The pore water pressure and lateral landslide profiles were obtained during the test. A measurement of the landslide soil loss was proposed to quantitatively evaluate the influence of water level fluctuations. The test results show that the first water level rising is most negative to the landslide among the five cycles. The fourth drawdown with a higher drawdown rate caused further large landslide deformation. An increase of the water level drawdown rate is much more unfavorable to the landslide than an increase of the water level rising rate. In addition, the landslide was found to have an adaptive ability to resist subsequent water level fluctuations after undergoing large deformation during a water level fluctuation. The landslide deformation and observations in the field were found to support the test results well. 相似文献