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1.
The northeast region is one of the principal mire distribution regions in China. According to the process of peat formation and accumulation , middle geomorphology type controlling water source supplement and the plant cover, 2 types, 10 subtypes and 27 mire bodies are divided. The mire area decreases gradually from north to south. There is more peat mire in the mountain and there is mainly gley mire without peat in the plain. The paper also explains the mire types in the principal mire distribution region and the utilization of mire in the fields of agriculture, forest, animal husbandry. The mire is a wetland ecosystem. It can reserve a lot of water, adjust rivers, humidify air. Thereby , attention must be paid to protecting ecological balance in the process of reclaiming mire and the mire protection.  相似文献   

2.
Agrarian system is well adapted in Himalayan eco-system. Hence, the people have adopted the traditional subsistence cereal farming and it becomes the main stay of Himalayan people. About 80 percent of the workable force is attached with agriculture and its allied practices, according to the census of 1991. Although, horticultural farming runs parallel with agriculture, its proportion in terms of land is quite less, resulted in a negligible place in the economy of the region. Human resources, mainly men are attached with national security after recruitment in Army. While, women play a vital and integrated role in maintaining the workable potential in the field of agriculture and are known as backbone of economy. An animal resource implies foremost and wider part in agricultural system and economy as well Water resources are unutilized yet, while almost all the major rivers of our country are originated from and flowing through this region. Increasing population causes forest resources depletion. The economy of the region is rested either on ‘traditional cereal farming‘ or ‘money order based‘ development, which could not take place due to its remoteness from the main streams of the country. The impactof modern technology with innovation in agricultural system remains impracticable due to unwillingness of people in one hand and on the other hand, adversege ographical conditions like topography, climate etc. which could not permit the uses of modern innovation in the field of agriculture. As for infra-structurally, this region is lacked behind, due to its inaccessibility. While, this region is bestowed with numerous rivers, many places for tourists and pilgrims, and huge forest resources. They might be used evenly in thedevelopment processes. The practice of tourism will help for the further development, particularly, in the wake of the newly born state, Uttaranchal. The present paper aims to evaluate the present potentiality of resources and their balanced utilization in the Pindar Basin. A precise study has been done on resource utilization, ecology and environment with keeping view in mind that more or less exploitation of resources could not influence the environment and the economy of the region.  相似文献   

3.
Ecotones have received great attention due to its critical function in energy flux, species harbor, global carbon sequestration, and land-atmosphere interaction. This study investigated land use pattern and spatial heterogeneity of the ecotones among agricultural land, forest land, and grassland of the southeastern Da Hinggan Mountains in the northeastern China. The change of these delineated ecotones under different slopes and aridity conditions was analyzed by two landscape indices, edge density(ED) and core area percentage of landscape(CPL), to explore the inter-linkage between spatial structure of ecotones and socioeconomic development and land management. Specifically, the ecotones such as agriculture-forest(AF) ecotone, forest-grassland(FG) ecotone, and agriculture-forestgrassland(AFG) ecotone moved from the arid southeast to the humid northwest. The flat area with small slope is more edge-fragmented than the steep area since the ED decreases as the slope increases. The AF ecotone mostly found in the humid region is moving to more humid areas while the agriculture-grassland(AG) ecotone mostly found in the dry region is moving towards the drier region.  相似文献   

4.
According to the elements of hydrogeological conditions, lithology, stratigraphic thermal physical pa- rameters, construction technology and economic rational elements, the evaluation system of ground source heat pump （GSHP） were established in Baotou plain. The factor weights were determined by using analytic hierarchy process, and the comprehensive element method was selected to evaluate the region suitability of GSHP system. The results show that the suitable area is 559.63 km^2 for utilizing GSHP in the studied area, accounting for 62.58% of the total area; while the unsuitable area is 334.60 km2, accounting for 37.42%. The evaluating results can provide not only a scientific basis for development and utilization rationally of shallow geothermal heat in Baotou, but also offer an important reference to the other areas.  相似文献   

5.
Dynamics of wetland landscape pattern in Kaifeng City from 1987 to 2002   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
It is very significant for urban development and urban wetland protection and utilization to probe into the process and reasons of urban wetland landscape dynamics. Taking the information of remote sensing and detailed land survey data as the basic information sources, with the help of RS and GIS, according to the principles and methods of landscape ecology, this paper analyzed wetland landscape pattern dynamics and its reasons in Kaifeng City, Henan Province of China, from 1987 to 2002. The results show that the total wetland area in Kaifeng City firstly reduced by 20.1% from 1987 to 1990 and then increased from 1990 to 2002, with an average annual growth rate of 3.3%. At the same time, landscape fragment degree and landscape dominance degree increased, respectively from 0.64 to 0.72 and from 0.3754 to 0.5563, but mean patch area, maximum patch area, patch fractal dimension reduced. As far as single landscape element concerned, fi＇om 1987 to 2002, patch area, patch number, patch density, patch shape and patch location changed in varying degrees in all wetland types in Kaifeng City, among which rice field changed most and others relatively less. In the recent 20 years, rice fields, lake wetlands, puddles and ponds had a higher stability, but river and bottomland wetlands were mostly transformed to land use types. The change of wetland landscape pattern was the result of the combined action of the Huanghe （Yellow） River, urban expansion, wide cultivation of rice, and rapid development of fishery. Among them human activities were the main driving factors for wetland landscape changes.  相似文献   

6.
The area of the intermontane basins in the Xuefeng Mountain region is 4,000 km2. These basins are the most favourable area for agriculture in the mountainous region. Unfortunately, in each basin the eco-environment has gradually worsened because of the irrational utilization of natural resources. A rational model of agro-ecologic- economic system of intermontane basin must be formed so as to exploit and utilize rationally the natural resources. The intermontane basins may be divided into 3 ecologic belts of agriculture. Here are some ecologic-economic problems in the development: The resources of the outer mountains lie waste, but the valley basins in centre are over-development; the low mountains and hillocks are cultivated for dry crops so that the water and soil losses are serious and the natural disasters are frequent. Therefore, the agro-economic, agro-biologic and eco-environmental subsystems form a complete agro-ecologic-economic system of intermontane basins. Developing rationally the resources  相似文献   

7.
Rural landscape is a complex of natural landscape and human landscape, with various values. The recreational value of rural landscape is a kind of comprehensive benefit with economic, social and ecological, which is provided by the rural landscape as a recreational resource. Loess Plateau is located at the junction of northern and northwestern of China, with serious water and soil erosion and fragile ecological environment. Jingning County is the national poor county, belonging to Liupanshan concentrated poverty areas. Hulu Watershed in Jingning is the typical valley area of Loess Plateau. In the past few decades, Jingning facing the fragile ecology and poverty, has been focusing on apple industry, forming unique rural landscape, exploring an ecological development path, and making much progress in green industrialization and urbanization. The author, according to the apple tree's growing stages, divided the rural landscape of Hulu Watershed into 15 types and analyzed its spatial patterns. The recreational value of Hulu Watershed was evaluated at 1.8 × 10~8–3.6 × 10~8 yuan(RMB) in 2014, by Travel Cost Method and Contingent Valuation Method. The territorial differentiational features of recreational value were that the higher value landscape types concentrated in the surrounding areas of towns and central villages, and the areas along the traffic and river had more development potentiality. The main influence factors were the construction of rural landscape and the development of recreation industry. And the development paths of different landscape types were also proposed. The research conclusions can provide reference for the landscape exploration and recreation industry development in the similar underdeveloped areas in the valley area of Loess Plateau with fragile ecology and poverty.  相似文献   

8.
The Loess Plateau is one of China s developing areas where socio-econ-omy is backward, ecological environment deteriorated and people's life difficult.The purpose of carrying out comprehensive development of the area's agriculture is, in essence, to open up new fields of agro-production, to intensify the utilization of related resources, to raise productivity and to win bigger output. The decision is important, as by so doing, the physical landscape could be tranformed, the local economy could be flourished, and the people's standard of living could be improved, and moreover the national development strategy of "depending on the East and shifting to the West" and building Shanxi Province into an energy and chemical industrial base could be realized.Based on field investigations in recent years, the auther proposed the purpose, target, principles, steps, tactics and strategies for the comprehensive development of the are's agriculture.  相似文献   

9.
Zoige Wetland is one of the largest plateau wetlands in the world. This paper provides a dynamic analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of the wetland in Zoige, Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, supported by ERDAS8.7 and ArcGIS9.0. It is the first comparative analysis of a system of rapidly changing wetland with landscape patterns in Zoige, using 3 classified landsat Thematic Mapper images of 1977, 1994 and 2001. The classified images were used to generate wetland distributing maps, and shape index （S）, diversity index （H）, dominance index （D）, evenness index （E）, fragmentation index （F） and fractal dimension （Fd） were calculated and analyzed spatiotemporally across pure grazing area in Zoige for each landscape type and in different periods （before 1977, during 1977-1994 and 1994-2001）, as well as the driving forces of natural and anthropogenic. The study shows that for a comprehensive understanding of the shapes and trajectories of the shrinking and desertificated land expansion of the wetland, a spatiotemporal landscape metrics analysis in different periods is an improvement than only with landscape changing rates. This type of analysis can also be used to infer underlying social, economic, and political processes that drive the observed wetland forms. The results indicate that wetland patterns can be changed over relatively short periods of time. The total area of lake reduced by 164.86 km^2, grassland extended by 141.74 km^2, semi-marsh extended by 105.94 km^2, marsh reduced by 86.00 km^2 the number of landscape patches reduced by 56, and their average area decreased by 2.68 km^2, the successions within lake, marsh, semi-marsh and grassland were found obviously. S decreased stepwise： D and F increased but H decreased： The changing rate after 1994 was 2.3 to 2.9 times greater than that before. The change of the wetland landscape patterns resulted in the interaction between socio-ceenomic and natural forces of positive and negative aspects; and natural factors affected as assistant aspect. Some important human activities in this period led to the change of the landscape patterns in this region directly. Some measurements made by government and NGO delayed the converting process partly.  相似文献   

10.
The agro-pastoral ecotone has been recognized as the main distribution area of reserved land resource for cultivation. Accordingly, clarifying this assumption, as well as concerting land reclamation and ecological restoration, is important to ensure food security and environmental improvement in the agro-pastoral ecotone. We selected Horqin Left Back Banner(HLBB) as the subject of our case study. The landscape ecological security pattern of this area was determined using the minimum cumulative resistance model. Over-cultivation, quantity of reserved land resource for cultivation, and changes in landscape indexes before and after land use adjustment were then analyzed. Over-cultivation is a serious problem in the agro-pastoral ecotone. Reserved land resource for cultivation is less than that considered previously, and the area of reserved land resource for cultivation in HLBB only accounts for 11.50% of total uncultivated land. With regard to changes in landscape indexes, the adjusted land use pattern is effective for anti-desertification. The compensation standard for abandoned cultivated land should be improved and the comprehensive results of ‘Grain for Green' should be evaluated to further implement ecological restoration in the agro-pastoral ecotone.  相似文献   

11.
1 INTRODUCTION The Ussuri / Wusuli River watershed is located in the southeast part of Heilongjiang Province of China, which joins remote regions of Russia. The watershed consists of approximately 26 000 000 ha, which is about two thirds of the watershed ecosystem in Russia, one  third in China. The Ussuri River forms part of the border between Russia and China, the shared border stretches more than 1100 km. Khanka/Xingkai Lake lies within both China and Russia. Its total area …  相似文献   

12.
The mosaic structure of landscape of the central area of Shanghai Metropolis is studied by quantitative methods of landscape ecology based on Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in this pa-per. Firstly, landscapes are classified into eight categories: residential quarter, industrial quarter, road, other urban landscape, farmland, village and small town, on-building area, river and other water bodies (such as lake, etc.). Sec-ondly, a GIS is designed and set up based on the remote sensing data and field investigation, and a digital map of landscape mosaic is made. Then the indexes of diversity, dominance, fragmentation and isolation, and fractal dimen-sion of each type of landscape in different periods are calculated by using spatial analysis method of GIS. With refer-ence to the calculated results, a series of relative issues are discussed.  相似文献   

13.
The degeneration of forest landscapes is mainly caused by human impact on the natural environment, which is posing a great threat to biodiversity. We studied the relationship between forest landscapes and birds in mountain regions of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province. In Jinuo ethnic region, forest landscape is degenerating, and bird diversity is reducing as a result of human influence. However, in Hani ethnic region of Mengsong area, a comparative study area, there are also traditional practices of agriculture and forestry. The traditional practices are dynamically adaptive to local geographic environment and social economic conditions. A great deal of biodiversity exists in the place where people have lived for many generations and use the resources of environment in a sustainable manner. Considering bird diversity and forest landscape of mountainous area, both economic and ecological benefits should be taken into account, which relate to land use and landscape protection. Biodiversity conservation, resource management and policy making should pay much attention to the best interconnection of land use and landscapes protection.  相似文献   

14.
１ＧＥＮＥＲＡＬＳＩＴＵＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＳＴＵＤＩＥＤＡＲＥＡ１．１ＮａｔｕｒａｌＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＴｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｗａｓｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅＪｉｎｕｏＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎ（２０°５３′１１″－２２°９′５９″Ｎ，１００°５５′３３″－１...  相似文献   

15.
城市生态地区规划的GIS分析应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
GIS(地理信息系统)是当前在城市规划领域广泛运用的新技术手段。本研究根据景观生态格局分析原理,构建数据模型,并通过GIS平台对模型中的变量参数进行空间还原,以栅格图表的形式对数据模型进行具体解释,实现了空间分析数据的图形化关联,使其突破了纯数学意义层面的定量研究,所得的分析图表作为生态分析研究的数据支撑,辅助决策于城市生态地区规划中关于规划结构、开发强度等规划内容的确定。研究进一步拓展了GIS在城市规划领域中的应用,丰富了规划的定量化研究。  相似文献   

16.
结合遥感、地理信息系统、景观生态学和空间分析等理论,分析了新疆地区2000~2015年农业景观格局的时空动态变化特征,测算了农业生态系统服务价值,通过相关分析进一步研究了农业景观格局与生态系统服务价值的关联,为促进区域土地资源合理利用和生态农业发展提供科学依据。结果表明,新疆农业生态系统正朝着多样化、稳定化的方向发展;农业生态系统服务价值显著增长,但区域间的价值差异较大,呈现北疆高南疆低的分布格局;景观面积、斑块数和景观形状对新疆地区农业生态系统服务价值影响较大且均呈现明显正相关关系。  相似文献   

17.
With the help of ARC/INFOR and ERDAS software, based on the information from forest resources distribution maps and TM images, four indices were chosen to analyze spatial pattern changes of forest landscape of Luoning County, Henan Province from 1983 to 1999. The results showed that: 1) The number and total area of patches were rapidly increased with time changes. The fragmentation degree of the landscape was increasing great-ly. 2) The area of some forest patch types, especially shrub forest, economic forest, Populus spp. forest, Quercus spp. forest, sparse forest, deserted grassland etc. had been greatly changed. 3) The fragemation degree of each forest patch type became greater from 1983 to 1999.4) The transition probabilities of deserted forest, economic forest, Pi-nus tobulaeformis forest, Populus spp. forest exceed 85%,Robinia pseuoacacia forest, deserted grassland, 65% and Quercus spp. forest, non-forest, shrub forest had smaller ones, which were 26.5%, 29.1% and 45.3%, respec-tively. The main transition trends of various patches were non-forest and Quercus spp. forest. During the course of transition, the types that 50% of area was remained were Quercus spp. forest, non-forest and shrub forest. Accord-ing to above analyses, the main driving forces, such as the management policies, market economy factors and influ-ences of human activities etc. were brought out.  相似文献   

18.
本文以济南市泉水补给区为研究对象,利用GIS空间分析方法,在其景观变化分析的基础上,参照中国陆地生态系统的生态服务价值系数,估算了泉水补给区生态服务功能价值变化,重点分析景观变化对研究区生态服务功能的影响,进而为区域可持续发展和城市建设提供理论支持。结果表明:(1)20世纪90年代以来,泉水补给区耕地和草地景观面积呈减少趋势,林地、园地和建设用地景观面积大幅增加,其中,以林地面积增加最大;从景观类型转化看,耕地与其他景观类型相互转化较为密切,特别是与建设用地和园地之间的转化;林地面积的增加主要来源于草地和耕地;(2)泉水补给区生态服务功能价值主要由林地和耕地景观生态服务价值构成,其变化对该研究区生态服务价值变化起决定作用;从生态服务价值构成类型来看,该地区土壤形成与保护服务功能单项价值所占比重最大,约占总服务功能价值的20%;(3)90年代以来,该地区总生态服务价值呈增加趋势;从单项服务价值变化来看,水源涵养、废物处理和食物生产服务功能价值则呈现出减小趋势,其中,以水源涵养减幅最大,为4.01%,主要是由该区建设用地增加,地面硬化面积增多而引起的。研究认为,济南市南部山区作为重要的泉水补给区,其生态服务功能尤为重要,特别是水源涵养功能,因此,研究区水源涵养服务功能价值的降低应在今后南部山区开发过程中得到足够的重视与保护,逐步增加泉水补给区的整体生态效益。  相似文献   

19.
基于GIS、RS技术,本文利用长株潭地区1989年、1996年、2000年和2008年4个时期的LandsatTM/ETM+遥感影像提取景观类型数据,运用景观生态学理论和方法对该地区景观格局特征,及其变化特征进行了研究,并探讨了研究区景观格局动态变化的驱动力。研究结果表明:1989-2008年的近20年中,长株潭地区各景观类型的面积发生了显著变化,主要表现为林地、耕地向建设用地转化;从研究时段来看,研究区景观类型变化速率逐步加快。研究区斑块数量和密度持续增大,最大斑块指数持续减小,景观破碎化程度升高;从景观多样性指数与均匀度指数的变化可以看出,景观格局的多样性增加,且均度增强;同时,由景观形状指数增长说明斑块形状趋于复杂化。影响景观格局变化的驱动因子主要是人为因素中的人口增长、经济发展及政策引导作用。  相似文献   

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