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1.
将稻杆、麦杆、棉秆3种粗饲料切成4cm长，水分含量调节到30％，用臭氧（O3）处理30，60和90min，对照组不进行O3处理，以比较O3处理对3种粗饲料纤维性物质成分变化的影响。结果表明：O3处理能显著降低粗饲料纤维性物质成分含量，处理的时间越长，降低越多，60min前的降幅大于60min以后的降幅。ADL含量高的粗饲料，经O3处理后降幅大。O3处理粗饲料，能降低纤维性物质成分含量，改善粗饲料的品质，提高其利用率。 相似文献
2.
应用"酶”分析法对几种粗饲料和不同精、粗饲料比的3种日粮的化学成分进行了分析,并利用低消化性纤维(Ob)含量不同的日粮进行了饲养和消化试验.结果表明细胞内容物有机物部分(OCC)含量花生藤最高,稻杆含量最低;细胞壁物质有机物部分(OCW)中的Ob含量以稻杆最高,花生藤含量最低;日粮中精料比例每提高10%,Ob含量减少约2.3%;山羊的日增重以精、粗饲料比23,Ob含量37.75%的效果最好,日粮中Ob含量过多或过少,都将影响山羊的日增重;OCW中的高消化性纤维(Oa)的消化率为63.38%,Ob的消化率为19.21%. 相似文献
3.
应用“酶”分析法对几种粗饲料和不同精，粗饲料比的3种日粮的化学万分进行了分析，并利用低消化性纤维（Ob)含量不同的日粮进行了饲养和消化试验，结果表明，细胞内容物有机物部分（OCC）含量花生藤最高，稻杆含量最低；细胞壁物质有机物部分（OCW）中的Ob含量以稻杆最高，花生藤含量最低；日粮中精料比例每提高10%，Ob含量减少约2.3%；山羊的日增重以精，粗饲料比2：3，Ob含量37.75%的效果最好，日粮中Ob含量过多或过少，都将影响山羊的日增重，OCW中的高消化性纤维（Oa)的消化率为63.38%，Ob的消化率为19.21%。 相似文献
4.
【目的】研究池塘养殖废水自由沉降规律及其三态氮、总氮和总磷变化情况。【方法】以池塘养殖废水为实验材料,采用静止自由沉降的处理方法,分别于不同时间(0、30、60、90、120、150 min)和不同深度(20、50、80、110、140 cm)处取样,并对废水中总悬浮物(TSS)、总氨氮(TAN)、亚硝酸盐(NO-2-N)、硝酸盐(NO-3-N)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)等指标进行测定和分析。【结果】20 cm取样位置处总悬浮物含量随时间延长先升高后降低,其他取样位置均呈现下降趋势,且取样位置的深度越浅,总悬浮物含量变化越快,沉降率越大。同一取样位置的总悬浮物沉降率随时间延长逐渐增大,150min后,各处的总悬浮物浓度均显著低于初始浓度(P0.05)。30min内,20和50cm处的TAN和NO-2-N浓度略有升高,其他取样位置均降低。30min后,各取样位置处TAN含量逐渐降低,120 min后开始趋于稳定,并显著低于初始水样(P 0.05);NO-2-N浓度在20和50 cm取样位置随时间延长呈现先降低后升高再降低,其他取样位置呈现逐渐下降趋势。120 min内,20 cm和50 cm处NO-3-N浓度呈现逐渐升高趋势,其他取样位置随着沉降时间的延长呈现先升高后降低的趋势。20cm处的TN和TP含量均随着时间延长先升高后降低,其他取样位置呈现下降趋势,TN于90min后趋于稳定,TP于120min后趋于稳定,均显著低于初始浓度(P 0.05)。【结论】自由沉降对养殖废水中TSS、TN、TP、TAN、NO-2-N、NO-3-N有较好的沉降作用。 相似文献
5.
【目的】研究香港牡蛎加热处理前后的挥发性成分变化及其变化原因。【方法】采用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用技术(solid phase micro-extraction gas chromatographmass spectrometer,SPME-GC/MS)分析香港牡蛎肉挥发性风味成分,结合感觉阈值,利用相对气味活度值(relative odour active value,ROAV)确定牡蛎熟制前后的主要挥发性风味成分,描述主要挥发性风味成分的气味特征并分析其生成途径。【结果与结论】加热处理前后牡蛎的挥发性成分发生明显变化,从鲜牡蛎和熟制牡蛎中分别鉴定出101种和107种风味物质,主要物质有醛、醇、酮、酸、烃、酯、酚类等,对气味影响最大的醛类化合物由熟制前的26种增加到熟制后的30种,相对含量却由熟制前的33.25%减少到熟制后的14.65%,酸类化合物由熟制前的7种增加到熟制后的19种,相对含量却由熟制前的8.82%增加到熟制后的32.98%。熟制后酯类化合物在种类和含量上都有所增加。 相似文献
6.
对沙虫干抽提物成分的组成进行的研究结果表明 :游离氨基酸含量 w为 10 .3% ,占抽提物含氮物质的 77.9%。抽提物组成中 ,呈甘味的 Gly(3.2 % )、Ala(2 .5% )和呈鲜味的 IMP(0 .2 7% )、Glu(0 .2 5% )、琥珀酸 (0 .35% )等成分同沙虫干独特的风味有关 ,Na 、Cl-等无机离子也同其呈味相关。此外 ,牛磺酸含量 w高达 3.2 % ,是富含牛磺酸的一种海洋生物 ;精氨酸的含量 w亦较高 ,为 1.2 %。 相似文献
7.
平阴县土壤中重金属元素异常成因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对平阴县周边及其西部农田区采样调查，平阴县周边元素异常具有异常衬度较高，富集系数大等特征，西部农田区异常具有各元素套合关系好，多数异常衬度不高，富集系数小的特点。结果表明，西部农田区异常是以As，Cd为主要成分的异常，元素含量与SiO2，Al2O3，Fe2O3等常量组分间具有显著的相关性，随SiO2含量的增加而降低，随Al2O3，Fe2O3含量的增加而增加，说明土壤常量组分及其所决定的土壤质地是导致异常形成的主要因素；而平阴城区异常是以S，Hg，As，Zn，Mn等元素为主的异常，是典型的人为综合因素（化工烟尘、工厂污水、生活垃圾）产生的异常。 相似文献
8.
以2龄马氏珠母贝为材料，建立S1（对照组）、S2（术前处理后不插核）、S3（术前处理后插核）和s4（不做术前处理直接插核）四个试验组，每组500个个体。比较研究了术前处理和休养期间各组软体部干重和糖、脂肪、蛋白质含量的差异。试验结果如下：（1）术前处理后，S2和S3组软体部干重显著小于S1组（P〈0．05）；S2组短期休养后恢复到S1组水平：S3组在休养期结束后仍然显著小于S1组（P〈0．05）。（2）插核后，S4组软体部干重显著小于S1组（p〈0．05）；休养20天后恢复到S1组水平；（3）术前处理后，S2和S3组的软体部糖、脂肪含量明显下降。（4）插核后，S4组的软体部糖、脂肪含量明显下降。（5）试验期间，各组蛋白质含量总体呈上升趋势。结果表明术前处理能够有效降低育珠贝的生理活性：术前处理的马氏珠母贝表现出补偿生长效应，并在营养限制或创伤后的恢复过程中，首先利用体内储存的糖原和脂肪。 相似文献
9.
符史良 《广东海洋大学学报》2002,22(1):64-66
制备固体超强酸SO4 2 - /Fe2 O3,并测定其红外光谱。以乙酸和正丁醇为反应物、固体超强酸SO4 2 - /Fe2 O3为催化剂 ,进行合成乙酸丁酯的研究。实验结果表明 ,固体超强酸SO4 2 - /Fe2 O3在合成乙酸丁酯反应中的催化活性与浓硫酸相当 ,用 0 1mol正丁醇与 0 2mol乙酸反应 ,催化剂用量 0 3g ,回流时间 90min ,乙酸丁酯收率为 63 8%。 相似文献
10.
与原始岩浆组成 (δ1 8O=8.36× 1 0 - 3)相比 ,铜厂花岗闪长斑岩的氧同位素在纵向上存在着 3个特征区段 :1中段 (标高 0～ 80 m之间 )样品接近原始岩浆1 8O值 ;2上段 :在此之上的样品 δ1 8O值变化区间很大 ( 5.4 3～ 1 0 .86)× 1 0 - 3 ,有富集 1 8O的 ,也有亏损 1 8O的 ;3下段 :标高在 0 m以下深部未 /弱蚀变斑岩样品的δ1 8O值均一 ,亏损1 8O,集中在 ( 6.8± 0 .5)× 1 0 - 3范围内。研究表明 ,这种现象是岩浆流体、深部非岩浆流体和浅部大气降水等 3种不同来源的热液流体在不同温度、水 /岩比环境下发生水岩交换综合形成的 相似文献
11.
INTRODUCTIONTriploidanimalsareusefulbecausetheyaresterile ,characterizedbypositivegrowthinthere productiveseason ,usefulfortesting ,forintroductionofnon nativespecies ,andforprotectionofde velopedstrains.Theinductionoftriploidyhadbeenreportedinmanyaquaculturespecies .Triploidshavebeensuccessfullyinducedinshrimpusingtemperatureshockorchemicalshock (CB ,6 DMAP)in 4species :Sicyoniaingentis (Xiangetal.,1 991 ) ,Fenneropenaeuschinensis (Xiangetal.,1 992 ;Daietal.,1 993;Baoetal.,1 993;Li… 相似文献
12.
LIU Yang LI Guiyang MO Zhaolan CHAI Zihan SHANG Anqi and MOU Haijin 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(1):163-168
The bacteriophage P13 that infects Klebsiella serotype K13 contains a heat-stable depolymerase capable of effective degradation of exopolysaccharide(EPS) produced by this microorganism. In this study, the titer of phage P13, initially 2.0 × 107 pfu mL-1, was found increasing 20 min after infection and reached 5.0 × 109 pfu mL-1 in 60 min. Accordingly, the enzyme activity of depolymerase approached the maximum 60 min after infection. Treatment at 70℃ for 30 min inactivated all the phage, but retained over 90% of the depolymerase activity. Addition of acetone into the crude phage lysate led to precipitation of the protein, with a marked increase in bacterial EPS degradation activity and a rapid drop in the titer of phage. After partial purification by acetone precipitation and ultrafiltration centrifugation, the enzyme was separated from the phage particles, showing two components with enzyme activity on Q-Sepharose Fast Flow. The soluble enzyme had an optimum degradation activity at 60℃ and pH 6.5. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the phage P13 particles were spherical with a diameter of 50 nm and a short stumpy tail. It was a double-strand DNA virus consisting of a nucleic acid molecule of 45976 bp. This work provides an efficient purification operation including thermal treatment and ultrafiltration centrifugation, to dissociate depolymerase from phage particles. The characterization of phage P13 and associated EPS depolymerase is beneficial for further application of this enzyme. 相似文献
13.
通过 GC/MS法对池塘在用含氯消毒剂消毒前后水体中有机物的鉴定比较 ,发现含氯消毒剂在水环境中的主要次生产物为三氯甲烷 ,其生成量与消毒剂的用量、作用时间、反应温度、p H及光照等有关。这种次生产物具有一定的致突变活性 ,因此在养殖生产中必须严格控制消毒的使用量和使用条件 ,尽可能消除其不利影响 相似文献
14.
Acid hydrolysis is a simple and direct way to hydrolyze polysaccharides in biomass into fermentable sugars. To produce fermentable sugars effectively and economically for fuel ethanol, we have investigated the hydrolysis of Enteromorpha using acids that are typically used to hydrolyze biomass:H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4 and C4H4O4 (maleic acid). 5%(w/w) Enteromorpha biomass was treated for different times (30, 60, and 90 min) and with different acid concentrations (0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, and 2.2%, w/w) at 121°C. H2SO4 was the most effective acid in this experiment. We then analyzed the hydrolysis process in H2SO4 in detail using high performance liquid chromatography. At a sulfuric acid concentration of 1.8% and treatment time of 60 min, the yield of ethanol fermentable sugars (glucose and xylose) was high, (230.5 mg/g dry biomass, comprising 175.2 mg/g glucose and 55.3 mg/g xylose), with 48.6% of total reducing sugars being ethanol fermentable. Therefore, Enteromorpha could be a good candidate for production of fuel ethanol. In future work, the effects of temperature and biomass concentration on hydrolysis, and also the fermentation of the hydrolysates to ethanol fuel should be focused on. 相似文献
15.
The manipulation of the chromosome set for commercially valuable marine animals is important for enhancing aquacultural production. In this study, triploid and tetraploid sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were induced by hydrostatic pressure shock, and the conditions of appropriate induction were tested with different starting times, and hydrostatic pressure intensities and durations. The highest rate of triploid induction reached 20% and that of tetraploid was 60%. In consideration of the survival rate and hatch rate, the appropriate treatment for triploid was 55 Mpa of hydrostatic pressure for 5 min at 55 min after fertilization (a.f.), while for tetraploid it was 60 Mpa for 5 min at 61 min a.f. The triploid of the sea cucumber could survive through the pelagic larval stage and attachment stage, and develop like the control group of the experiment. The tetraploid, however, could not survive the attachment stage. 相似文献
16.
SORPTION OF BENZOTHIOPHENE ON MARINE SEDIMENTS 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ImODUcrIONBenzothiophene(acomPoundinp0lycydicarornaticsulfurheterocydespresentincrudeoilsandcoal)isaddedt0marineenvironmentfromavariCtyofsouna,andisofenvironrnentalconcernduetoitSharmfulproperties(Andefssonetal.,l992,Yang,l996).Warner(l975)obtainedsulfur-containingpetroleumcomPonentSsuchasbensothiophenefr0mrnarinesamplesandfoundthatthepolycydicarornaticsuifurheterocydesweremorercadilybioconrmtratedthansulfur-freep0lycydicaromaticcompounds.Yang(l997)foundthatbensothiophenewaspresentinallin… 相似文献
17.
在气田开采、集输过程中产生的含油含醇污泥成分复杂,直接排放将导致周围环境污染.为减少有害污泥排放,改善处理工艺流程,以陕北某气田含油含醇污泥为样品,实验测定组分与粒度分布,分析分离效果差的原因;通过浓缩沉降实验研究含油含醇污泥脱水性能,筛选有效絮凝剂,确定最佳复配方案及投加剂量.实验结果表明:以质量浓度分别为500mg/L的PAC与40mg/L的SC-3为配方的复合絮凝剂具有良好的污泥脱水性能,浓缩沉降处理后含油含醇污泥体积缩小、含水率下降,且处理时间缩短.现场应用结果表明:文中配方可有效改善处理工艺流程,对保护气田环境起到良好作用. 相似文献
18.
Triploidy was induced in Chinese shrimpFenneropenaeus chinensis by 30±0.5°C heat shock treatment (initiated at 20 min after fertilization) for 10 min to inhibit the release of PB2 at 18.0°C.
The highest triploid rate obtained was 84.5% in nauplius stage. The effect of heat shock treatment on meiosis and cleavage
of eggs was investigated in this work aimed to establish efficient procedures for triploid induction and to gain understanding
of the mechanism of triploid production. Three pronuclei that could be observed in the treated eggs under fluorescence microscope
developed into triploid embryos. Some abnormal chromosome behavior was observed in heat shocked eggs.
Contribution No. 4407 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
This work was supported by Project under Major State Basic Development Program (G1999012009) and Knowledge Innovation Program
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX 2-211) 相似文献
19.
Alaska pollock is an important protein source which is extensively used in the food industry. Pollock protein isolates(PPI) with significantly enriched protein contents could be prepared using isoelectric solubilization/precipitation(ISP) processing; however, the functional properties of this process is limited by the large amount of water-insoluble proteins. In this study, we investigated the influence of high hydrostatic pressure(HHP) treatment on the solubility and structural changes of PPI. PPI obtained using ISP is treated with hydrostatic pressures of 200, 300, 400, and 500 MPa for up to 15 min, and the HHP-treated samples were observed to exhibit significantly improved solubilities. Further biochemical assays reveal that the continuous HHP treatments reduce the contents of free sulfhydryl groups and promote the formation of macromolecules with better water solubilities, which may induce the solubility improvements of the HHP-treated PPI. Our results indicate that HHP can be utilized to effectively prepare highly water-soluble Alaska pollock protein in food processing. 相似文献
20.
Din Siti Sabariah Chew Kit Wayne Chang Yu-Kaung Show Pau Loke Phang Siew Moi Juan Joon Ching 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,37(3):871-880
The effect of sonication pretreatment condition on Eucheuma cottonii and Gelidium amansii seaweed towards agar extraction wae studied. Four parameters were changed during sonication to investigate the effects on agar yield and quality. These parameters include the time interval, concentration ratio, frequency, and intensity. The highest amount of agar extracted from Eucheuma cottonii species could be obtained from the time interval of 30 min, seaweed weight to solvent volume ratio of 1:20, the frequency of 35 Hz, and the sonication power intensity of 30%. For Gelidium amansii species, the best agar yield also could be obtained from the time interval of 30 min, 1:20 of seaweed weight to water volume ratio, the frequency of 35 Hz, and power intensity of 30%. From the experiment, sonication pretreatment significantly influenced the yield and properties of extracted agar. The sonication with autoclaved seaweed produced agar containing less sulfate content, which is an excellent chemical property for gel electrophoresis applications.The gel strength of sonication with autoclaving for both seaweeds, Eucheuma and Gelidium species was the highest among those by sonication with direct heating, which proved that sonication pretreatment with autoclaving could enhance the physical properties of the agar. 相似文献