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1.
极地平流层位势高度变化与中国冬季气温的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
平流层异常对于对流层的影响研究,尤其是将平流层的异常信号加入中长期天气预报已成为近年来的研究热点。首先利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和国家气候中心提供的160站气温资料,采用SVD方法深入分析平流层位势高度场与中国冬季气温的关系。结果表明,极涡与中国东北地区温度有着非常密切的联系。即当中高纬地区位势高度场减弱时(极涡增强),东北地区的温度上升;中高纬地区位势高度场增强时(极涡减弱),东北地区的温度下降。进一步通过挑选出的6个东北亚型强极涡年,6个北美型强极涡年和8个弱极涡年,分别对冬季位势高度场和温度场进行合成分析、小波分析和交叉谱分析。结果发现,东北亚型强极涡和中国东北地区冬季气温的关系最为密切,平流层关键区位势高度场和东北地区地面温度场都有着50天左右的振荡周期,并且关键区位势高度场的季节内振荡有着超前于温度场的特征;北美型强极涡和东北地区温度的联系较小;弱极涡与东北地区温度的关系也不太明显。 相似文献
2.
北极熊是北极最重要的哺乳动物之一,近年来数量却在减少。海冰作为北极熊狩猎、活动和繁殖的平台,是其栖息地的重要组成部分。因此其种群栖息地变化主要依赖于海冰变化。本文基于美国雪冰中心的海冰密集度和NOAA提供的ETOPO1基岩数据,分析了北极海冰密集度、开阔水域面积、海冰消退时间、海冰出现时间、开阔水域季节长度的年际变化,进而评价北极熊栖息地的稳定性。结果表明,海冰密集度呈现降低的趋势,开阔水域面积增大,多年冰数量减少,大多变为一年冰。海冰消退时间提前,海冰出现时间延后,开阔水域季节长度大幅增加,与1992年相比增加了72 d。19个栖息地中,巴伦支海是开阔水域面积和季节长度变化贡献最大的海域,增加速度分别为9.71×103 km2/a和71.69 d/10a。以开阔水域季节长度变化率为依据,将北极熊栖息地划分为稳定、次稳定和不稳定3个等级。总共有3个稳定栖息地,包括分布在相对其他栖息地而言纬度较低的楚科奇海、西哈得孙湾和南哈得孙湾。13个次稳定栖息地,包括拉普捷夫海、喀拉海、东格陵兰、巴芬湾、戴维斯海峡、福克斯湾、布西亚湾、麦克林托克海峡、梅尔维尔子爵海峡、挪威湾、北波弗特、南波弗特和兰开斯特海峡。3个不稳定栖息地,均位于70°N以北,包括北极盆地、巴伦支海和凯恩盆地。稳定区主要位于低纬度,不稳定区全部位于高纬度。该分级结果表明高纬度地区虽然海冰覆盖多,但是年际变化十分显著,不稳定的3个区域内北极熊对海冰变化适应时间更少,年际迁移变化大,对北极熊的生存发展更为不利。 相似文献
3.
非构造形变对中国大陆GNSS基准站垂向周期运动的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
解算陆态网络2011~2013年GNSS基准站,获取其坐标时间序列,并定量计算非潮汐海洋、大气、积雪和土壤湿度对测站产生的非构造形变,以修正GNSS垂向时间序列。修正后,GNSS垂向序列特性发生显著变化:周年运动振幅和初相均发生明显变化,振幅明显缩小(个别站增大),缩小幅度因不同区域而存在差异;修正前相位与修正后存在一定的系统偏差,大约滞后2~3个月,这种系统偏差可能是GNSS测站对地球物理因素"迟钝反应"的综合表现;半周年运动的变化主要体现在振幅上,缩小幅度在1mm左右。 相似文献
4.
通过对粤东后江湾近岸带垂岸方向上4个测站,同步观测到的波浪数据进行频域统计分析,初步探讨分析了波浪近岸传播过程中波浪统计性质的变化规律。结果表明:碎波带内波的频谱多峰特征显著,峰频两侧均存在着显著能量峰值,峰频能量发生转移;波浪经过破碎后,约束长波能量被释放出来;波浪向岸过程中谱宽度(ε)变大,同时谱尖度(Qp)减小,显著波陡(Ss)增大,峰值周期(Tp)增大,平均周期(Tm02)减小。 相似文献
5.
地震前后断层测点群体活动的量化指标 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
地震前后,随着构造应力场的增强或减弱,断层测点群体偏离稳态变化的程度随之增大或减小;同时,由于震源体内外介质物性的差异,断层测点之间偏离稳态变化的差异性也随之增大或减小。基于这一事实,采用随机变量的数字指标,提出了一种反映断层群体活动的量化指标——断层活动强度及非均匀度。结合具体震例对青藏块体东北部、川滇地区的断层水准资料进行了计算,结果表明量化指标在地震前后一般会出现一个明显的增大或减小过程。 相似文献
6.
罗德海 《成都信息工程学院学报》1991,(2)
本文研究了纬向基本气流具有弱切变而不是缓变的情况下的正压非线性Rossby波包,在仅考虑纬向波数k是tx的缓变函数时,可以得到一个描述非线性Rossby波包的推广的非线性Schrodinger方程,并指出,(1)当纬向波数k是t,x的一次缓变(即Z,X的函数)时,非线性Rossby波的波作用密度和能量密度是守恒的。(2)而当纬向波数k是t,x的二次缓变(即Τ,ξ的函数)时,非线性Rossby波包的波作用密度和能量密度并不是守恒的,而且我们还指出在纬向波数k不变的情况下,其波包振幅就变为典型的非线性Schrodinger方程,其流场具有阻塞结构。 相似文献
7.
本文应用波数空间的能量方程、采用欧洲中心客观分析资料(ECMWF),讨论了1982年夏季副热带对流层上部的能量学特征,着重分析了南亚高压的维持。结果表明,副热带能量循环与热带不同,海陆不均匀加热对超长波动能的作用比较小。在纬向气流～波动相互作用中、绝大多数波都失去动能。通过波～波相互作用、超长波1～2波及短波11～16波向中间尺度传输能量。 南亚高压有效位能的主要来源是有效位能的垂直输送;动能的主要来源是气压梯度力的作功。南亚高压能量的主要耗散机制是通过非线性作用向尺度较短的波动传输。 相似文献
8.
自然生态环境遥感动态监测与GIS分析评价——以山西“煤田之乡”的乡宁矿区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以1990、2000和2007年三期遥感影像为主体数据源,选取有"煤田之乡"称誉的山西省乡宁县作为实验区,采用遥感与GIS相结合的手段,在建立生态环境评价指标体系的基础上,利用生态环境状况指数(EI),对研究区生态环境进行监测与评价。结果表明:(1)1990-2007年,实验区耕地面积持续减少;林地面积先减少后增加,总体上显著增大;草地面积先增加后减少,总体呈减少趋势;建筑用地面积持续增加;未利用地面积先增加后减少,总体呈减少趋势。(2)1990-2007年,高植被覆盖地区面积先减少后增大,低植被覆盖地区面积持续减少,中度植被覆盖地区面积有所增加。(3)1990-2007年,轻度土壤侵蚀面积先增大后减小,总体面积变化不大;中度侵蚀面积先减小,后显著增大,总体呈增大趋势;重度侵蚀面积先增大,后显著减小,总体呈减小趋势。(4)1990-2000年,实验区生态环境状况明显变差;2000-2007年,生态环境状况显著变好;1990年到2007年生态环境状况略微变好,总体上先明显变差,后显著变好。 相似文献
9.
高原季风对500hPa中纬度西风带活动的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1948--2008年NCEP／NCAR逐月再分析资料和1958—2007年中国560站夏季降水资料,设计了一个区域西风指数,探讨了高原夏季风和500百帕中纬度西风带活动的时间一频率多层次年际、年代际时间尺度变化特征以及对我国夏季降水的影响。结果表明：高原夏季风对区域西风带活动具有显著的影响,近61年来,两者总体变化趋势相反,前者增强后者减弱。除了都具有1—2年、27—28年和线性趋势变化的共同周期外,还呈现出各自的周期变化,并且均发生过一次年代际气候跃变现象,前者发生在20世纪70年代中期,后者发生在80年代中期,高原夏季风由偏弱转为偏强,区域西风由偏强转入偏弱,在跃变前后两者各种周期的时间尺度和强度存在明显的不同。如果排除1—2年周期的不确定性,预计接下来高原夏季风将直接进入偏弱期,区域西风指数可能在3—4年后才转入偏强期,并且高原夏季风会比区域西风指数提前发生突变,对区域西风指数具有一定的指示意义。高原夏季风不仅自身对我国夏季降水产生重要的作用,同时,它通过影响中纬度西风带的活动,间接地影响着我国的夏季降水。 相似文献
10.
基于地震沉积学理论,根据基准面旋回变化,利用沿层地层切片的高分辨率纵向演化特征与高精度地震成像技术,研究川东北地区通南巴背斜中下侏罗统的古河道展布、古河道定量化特征与演变过程.结果表明:研究区中下侏罗统沉积时期发育4期古河道(湖侵体系域两期曲流河河道、高位体系域早期顺直型河道与晚期辫状河河道),古河道为厚层砂岩沉积,测井响应为幅度较大的箱型特征,地震响应为同向轴强振幅不连续,河道内部(沿河道)地震响应为强振幅连续反射.基准面上升旋回时期(自流井组),发育2套曲流河沉积体系,可容空间增大,以垂向加积为主,河网密度小(0.050～0.060 km/km2),河道弯曲因数高(1.31～1.48).基准面下降旋回早期(千佛崖组),物源供给速率增加缓慢,可容纳空间快速减小,沉积动力响应以河道垂向加积为主、侧向迁移为辅,河网密度增加(平均为0.247 km/km2),河道弯曲因数减小(平均为1.07),形成高位体系域早期多河道体系的顺直型河道.随基准面的持续下降,沉积物供给快速增加,可容空间持续减小,河道侧向加积与迁移加强,河网密度增加(平均为0.263 km/km2),河道弯曲因数增加(平均为1.32),河道由顺直河网体系演变为曲流河网体系.该结果为定量研究基准面旋回变化对古河道演变的影响提供技术方法与范例. 相似文献
11.
The Arctic vortex is a persistent large-scale cyclonic circulation in the middle and upper troposphere and the stratosphere. Its activity and variation control the semi-permanent active centers of Pan-Arctic and the short-time cyclone activity in the subarctic areas. Its strength variation, which directly relates to the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice and ecosystem of the Arctic, can affect the lower atmospheric circulation, the weather of subarctic area and even the weather of middle latitude areas. The 2003 Chinese Second Arctic Research Expedition experienced the transition of the stratosphereic circulation from a warm anticyclone to a cold cyclone during the ending period of Arctic summertime, a typical establishing process of the polar vortex circulation. The impact of the polar vortex： variation on the low-level circulation has been investigated by some scientists through studying the coupling mechanisms of the stratosphere and troposphere. The impact of the Stratospheric Sudden Warming （SFW） events on the polar vortex variation was drawing people＇s great attention in the fifties of the last century. The Arctic Oscillation （ AO）, relating to the variation of the Arctic vortex, has been used to study the impact of the Arctic vortex on climate change. The recent Arctic vortex studies are simply reviewed and some discussions on the Arctic vertex are given in the paper. Some different views and questions are also discussed. 相似文献
12.
对观测量进行高阶电离层改正,利用改正后的观测量求解卫星轨道和卫星钟差,根据所得的卫星轨道和卫星钟差来计算其余测站的对流层。结果显示,二阶电离层在低纬度地区很容易达到1 cm,可使对流层引起2～3 mm的误差。而三阶电离层在低纬度地区一般不超过5 mm,对对流层的影响不会超过0.5 mm。数据测试表明,要获取1 mm精度的对流层,中低纬度地区的二阶电离层必须进行改正,而三阶电离层可以忽略不计。 相似文献
13.
Two surveys were performed for determining bacteria biomass (BB), temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a (chl-a) and nutrient concentrations at 11 stations with three sampling depths in the high-incidence regions of red tide in the East
China Sea (ECS) in the spring of 2006. Temperature and salinity increased from nearshore to offshore region and from high
latitude to low latitude in the two cruises of 2006. BB were between 0.3–5.2 mgC m−3 (about 2.1 mgC m−3 on average) and 0.2–6.0 mgC m−3 (about 2.7 mgC m−3 on average) respectively in the two cruises. BB in the surface layer decreased from the Changjiang River estuary to high
sea and from low latitude to high latitude. The results showed that bacterial growth was regulated by temperature, primary
production and inorganic nutrient concentrations depending on different hydrographic conditions. In the surface and middle
layers where the primary production can supply enough organic substrate, temperature was the main factor to control bacteria
biomass. BB showed a good correlation between the surface and middle layers in both cruises. The distribution of nutrients
during both cruises showed a similar decreasing trend from nearshore region and high latitude to offshore region and low latitude.
High BB values were mainly recorded from samples in the middle layer where chl-a concentrations were also high, indicating primary production being strongly correlated with temperature over the ECS shelf.
In the offshore area, phosphate and silicate became limiting factors for phytoplankton growth with indirect influence on BB.
Bacteria played an important role in nitrogen regeneration process turning organic nitrogen to inorganic forms such as NH4
+. The increasing ratio of NH4
+/DIN could be a proof of that. 相似文献
14.
A series of solar flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) event occurred in July 2000, particularly the largest flare (X5.7/3B) with CME on 14th of July since 1989, which stimulated a great geomagnetic storm with Dst index reaching -300 nT. A number of data have been obtained from the Chinese Antarctic Zhongshan Station (ZHS, INT Lat. 74.5°, L≈14）, which is located at cusp latitude, and from the ACE satellite. After analyzing these data we have got the results as follows: a lot of solar high energy particles penetrated into the polar ionosphere and ionized it, which significantly increased the cosmic noise absorption (CNA) and blanked the DPS-4 data for more than two days. The magnetic pulsation in Pc 3/5 frequency band on the ground has a high relation with the fluctuation of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz, which shows the contribution of interplanetary magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) waves to the Pc 3/5 pulsation on the ground. The Pc 3/5 pulsation was intensified much during the great magnetic storm. The H component of the magnetic field at ZHS varied with the southern value of IMF Bz but lagged behind for about 8 10 h. While Dst index responded to the variation of the IMF Bz very quickly, which suggested that the magnetic storm occurred at low latitude firstly and then effected the ionospheric current at high latitude. 相似文献
15.
Capillary and capillary-gravity waves possess a random character, and the slope wavenumber spectra of them can be used to
represent mean distributions of wave energy with respect to spatial scale of variability. But simple and practical models
of the slope wavenumber spectra have not been put forward so far. In this article, we address the accurate definition of the
slope wavenumber spectra of water surface capillary and capillary-gravity waves. By combining the existing slope wavenumber
models and using the dispersion relation of water surface waves, we derive the slope wavenumber spectrum models of capillary
and capillary-gravity waves. Simultaneously, by using the slope wavenumber models, the dependence of the slope wavenumber
spectrum on wind speed is analyzed using data obtained in an experiment which was performed in a laboratory wind wave tank.
Generally speaking, the slope wavenumber spectra are influenced profoundly by the wind speed above water surface. The slope
wavenumber spectrum increases with wind speed obviously and do not cross each other for different wind speeds. But, for the
same wind speed, the slope wavenumber spectra are essentially identical, even though the capillary and capillary-gravity waves
are excited at different times and locations. Furthermore, the slope wavenumber spectra obtained from the models agree quite
well with experimental results as regards both the values and the shape of the curve. 相似文献
16.
赵岳仁 《成都信息工程学院学报》1993,(3)
盛夏季节,宜宾雷暴的形成主要与对流层内高温高湿、风及其在对流层的中上部垂直切变小的特点相关联。西宁雷暴的形成主要与上层为深厚的干冷、下层为浅薄的暖湿、对流层的中上层风及其垂直切变大的特点相关联。分析又得到以下结论:西宁雷暴的形成又与高空冷空气加强南移、副热带急流南侧反气旋式切变得到加强和高空出现辐散相关联。 相似文献
17.
The occurrence percentage and abundance of General Aerobic Hetero- trophic Bacteria （GAB） were determined by using the method of MPN for 182 sub- samples from 10 sediment cores taken from the Canadian basin and the Chukchi Sea at two different culturing temperatures. The results showed that the general occurrence percentage of GAB was quite high, average abundanees of GAB at cultured temperatares of 4℃ and 25℃ were 4.46 ×10^7 and 5.47×10^7 cells·g^-1（wt）, respectively. The highest abundance of GAB occurred at 20 -22 cm section in the sediment. GAB abundances changed among the section of sediments, but there is a trend ： the a-bundances at the middle or lower sections were lower than those at upper section. Cultivation at 25℃ could improve the occurrence percentage and abundances of GAB, which suggests that the increasing of temperature may change the living circum-stances of GAB. The differences of GAB among the latitudes areas indicated that occurrence percentage and abundances of GAB in middle latitude areas were higher than those in the higher or lower latitude areas, and were more obvious at 4℃ than those at 25℃. The GAB abundances in sediment under the shallower water seemed to be low- er than those in sediments under the deeper water and this status was more obvious at 25℃ than that at 4℃. 相似文献
18.
Analyses of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) datasets revealed a prominent interannual variation in the convective-stratiform rainfall and latent heating over the southern South China Sea (SCS) during the winter monsoon between 1998 and 2010. Although the height of maximum latent heating remained nearly constant at around 7 km in all of the years, the year-to-year changes in the magnitudes of maximum latent heating over the region were noticeable. The interannual variations of the convective- stratiform rainfall and latent heating over the southern SCS were highly anti-correlated with the Niño-3 index, with more (less) rainfall and latent heating during La Niña (El Niño) years. Analysis of the large-scale environment revealed that years of active rainfall and latent heating corresponded to years of large deep convergence and relative humidity at 600 hPa. The moisture budget diagnosis indicated that the interannual variation of humidity at 600 hPa was largely modulated by the vertical moisture advection. The year-to-year changes in rainfall over the southern SCS were mainly caused by the interannual variations of the dynamic component associated with anomalous upward motions in the middle troposphere, while the interannual variations of the thermodynamic component associated with changes in surface specific humidity played a minor role. Larger latent heating over the southern SCS during La Niña years may possibly further enhance the local Hadley circulation over the SCS in the wintertime. 相似文献
19.
用η模式对１９９５年８月２４日四川盆地西部的突发性暴雨，进行了数值模拟和南风减速的数值试验。由模拟和试验比较分析得出以下几点认识：１．对流层低层的云南、贵州到四川南部南风气流的加大，对四川盆地西部的暴雨区，特别是大暴雨区的扩大和强度的增强起着重要作用。２．由南风气流的加强造成暴雨加强的动、热力机制主要是，使暴雨区及其附近区域上空，对流层的中、低层流场的辐合、上升运动加强；对流层的低层形成水汽通量的辐合区。３．对流层低层南风气流的加强，可影响对流层中层的暖湿程度减弱，从而加强了对流层低－中层内的对流性不稳定 相似文献