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1.
????GRACE??????????????3??????????????2011??07??09????????????????????仯??????????????2009???2010??????????仯??????б???????????2009???о????????????仯??????????μ????????????????????????仯????????4??10
-8 ms -2??????????????????????????????2010??????????仯??С??2011??????????????仯??????????????2009??仯???6??10 -8 ms -2 ????????????????仯??????? 相似文献
2.
1 Introduction The Grove Mountains is located at Princess Elizabeth land in East Antarctica, about 400 km from Zhongshan station and 160 km east of the Mawson Escarpment, consists of a scattered group of mountains and nunataks. The range extends73°-76°E… 相似文献
3.
本文对近30 a以来中国上空臭氧总量的时空动态变化特征进行遥感监测与分析。结果表明,中国上空的臭氧总量在持续下降,下降速度低于全球臭氧总量下降速度,而与北半球下降速度基本一致,略低于北半球下降速度。中国臭氧总量每年平均减少0.11%,大约下降0.36 DU,但2000年后中国臭氧总量下降的速度有所减缓,尤其是2005年以来,中国臭氧总量呈上升趋势,这与全球的臭氧总量变化趋势相同。中国臭氧总量的季节变化呈正弦曲线变化,最大和最小值分别出现在3月和10月,平均值大约分别为333.36 DU和284.54 DU。中国臭氧总量季节变化在纬度方向上不明显,而在经度方向上变化较大,同纬度地区臭氧总量,东部地区的大于西部地区的,南北方地区臭氧总量季节变化几乎呈相反的趋势。 相似文献
4.
Surface ozone in Jiuzhaigou National Park, eastern rim of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Daniel JAFFE 《山地科学学报》2012,9(5):687-696
Located in southwestern China, Jiuzhaigou National Park is one of the most popular tourism destinations in China, famous for its unique aquatic ecosystems and beautiful forests. However, plants in the park may be at high ozone risk as a result of the intensive use of diesel tour buses in the park. In addition, Jiuzhaigou is close to a region with relatively high regional anthropogenic NO x emissions. During the growing season, also the peak season of tourism, we measured ozone concentration at two sites within the Park and these were: Jiuzhaigou Bureau (JB) and Long Lake (LL). The results indicate that ozone concentrations were not high enough to cause foliar injury during the monitoring period, although the risk of ozone to plants was higher in spring than in summer and autumn. Diurnal ozone cycles at JB and LL displayed significantly higher ozone concentrations in the daytime than in the nighttime, suggesting photochemical production of ozone during the day and ozone deposition during the night as a result of the nocturnal boundary layer. In parallel with the seasonal change of background surface ozone in the Northern Hemisphere, maximum daily 8-h average ozone concentration (MDA8) and daily ozone concentration decreased from spring to autumn at the two sites. This temporal variation in Jiuzhaigou was most likely associated with the downward mixing of ozone-rich air from the free troposphere, because all the high-ozone events (MDA8 > 70.0 ppb) were observed in spring and ozone-rich air from the free troposphere was the dominant cause. In summary, our data suggest that ozone concentrations in Jiuzhaigou were more affected by the regional-scale of background pattern in air quality and meteorological conditions than by local tourist activities. 相似文献
5.
���������������¶�λ������� 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
????????λ???????????(111??120??E??35??42??N)1993??2004??6 771?ε???1.0??M??6.6???????λ???????λ???????????????????????????????????????????????;???o?????·???????????????????????????б???????????????????????????????????20 km????60 km???????25 km??34 km?????40 km;83%???????????λ??0??15 km??Χ?????????????λ???????????????(7??21 km)????????????????????????????????????????????????;???92%???????????λ??1??24 km??????24 km??????????????????????硣 相似文献
6.
为了充分了解“一带一路”国家和地区百年的干旱变化规律和趋势,探索其干湿变化情况,本文利用标准化降水蒸散指数SPEI（Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index）1901-2013年12个月和3个月尺度的0.5°×0.5°数据,结合线性趋势、PCA主成分分析、Mann-Kenndall非参数检验和小波分析等方法研究多时间尺度下干旱趋势和周期变化特征。结果表明,研究区百年尺度内（1901-2013）干旱指数和面积呈现波动上升趋势,但干旱化进程缓慢,60%以上地区呈现缓慢变湿趋势,SPEI指数发生显著上升地区面积百分比为25.38%,发生显著下降地区面积仅占12.02%。MK检验和PCA分析均显示15°~35°N的中低纬度地区干旱化程度最为严重,主要地区为北非及阿拉伯半岛、伊朗高原,常年呈现显著干旱状态,而俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、印度半岛以及中国和蒙古两国干湿变化季节性特征明显。基于Morlet小波分析的周期分析显示,年际和季节SPEI指数的周期特征既具有相似性,又存在一定的差异性,尺度越小干湿变化交替越明显,尺度越大虽有全局特征但所展示的周期不能通过显著性检验,最终得到可用显著周期年际SPEI变化显著尺度为2~4 a,干旱特征在此尺度的周期中时间变化显著。 相似文献
7.
In this paper, almost all available observational data and the latest 6.0 version of Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) model were employed to investigate a heavy sea fog event occurring over the Yellow Sea from 2 to 5 May 2009. The evolutionary process of this event was documented by using Multifunctional Transport Satellites-1 (MTSAT-1) visible satellite imagery. The synoptic situation, sounding profiles at two selected stations were analyzed. The difference between the air temperature and sea surface temperature during the sea fog event over the entire sea region was also analyzed. In order to better understand this event, an RAMS modeling with a 15 km×15 km resolution was performed. The model successfully reproduced the main characteristics of this sea fog event. The simulated height of fog top and the area of lower atmospheric visibility derived from the RAMS modeling results showed good agreement with the sea fog area identified from the satellite imagery. Examinations of both observational data and RAMS modeling results suggested that advection cooling seemed to play an important role in the formation of this sea fog event. 相似文献
8.
����Ms6.6�����InSAR�۲⼰�ϲ�λ���� 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
????3??Envisat?????????,?????2008??10??6?????????Ms6.6??????????????α?,????????????4????????????δ?????????????α?,?????????????????20 km??20 km??Χ??????0.3 m????????Ρ??α??????????????????????????????????????t???????????λ???????????????????????????λ?????????????????????????????????????????????λ???3 m, ????λ??90.374??E, 29.745??N????Mw6.35??????????????189?????60????????????????′???????ε?μ?????????????12 km,??11 km,???9.5 km???????????????????????????????????????????????й?? 相似文献
9.
2011年7月陕西一次区域性暴雨过程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探索陕西区域性暴雨发生发展的机制,提高暴雨预报准确率,利用实况高空观测、自动站观测资料和NCEP1°×1°格点资料,采用天气学诊断方法,对2011年7月28日陕西区域性暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明:500hPa西风槽、西太平洋副热带高压、700hPa及其以下的切变是这次暴雨的主要影响系统,低层大风速带和南海台风的远距离作用是暴雨增幅的重要因子;暴雨区具有强的能量锋和对流不稳定,降水产生在850hPa温湿能等值线密集区偏高值一侧;水汽主要来源于孟加拉湾和南海台风外围;辐合、辐散中心下移是强降水即将发生的一个信号,850hPa以下出现比湿猛增现象对位于秦岭以北的渭河流域暴雨预报有一定指导意义。 相似文献
10.
Based on the observed and NCEP reanalysis data from 1985 to 2006,the climate background and synoptic situation of fog at Great Wall Station were analyzed. It is shown that the seasonal variation of fog is controlled by the change of general circulation and local pressure field. Three favorable typical synoptic situations for fog development are found, the Front-of-A-Depression type, the Saddle-Shaped-Field type and the Passing-Weak-Cyclone type. The first one is the most important situation. Advection cooling fog is dominant at Great Wall Station, but there are other kinds of fog as well. As a result, some helpful principles for local fog forecasting are given. 相似文献
11.
Biological invasion poses a huge threat to ecological security.Spartina alterniflora was introduced into China in 1979,and its arrival corresponded with negative effects on native ecosystems.To explore geographical variation of its expansion rate in coastal China,we selected 43 S.alterniflora sites from Tianjin Coastal New Area to Beihai.The area expansion rate,expansion rate paralleling and vertical to the shoreline were analysed based on Landsat images and field survey in 2015.Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA)and climate data were collected to statistically analyse the influential factors of expansion rate.Results showed that significant difference of S.alterniflora area expansion rate among different latitude zones(P<0.01),increasing from 6.08%at southern(21°N–23°N)to 19.87% in Bohai Bay(37°N–39°N)along latitude gradient.There was a significant difference in expansion rate vertical to shoreline in different latitude zones(P<0.01)with the largest occurring in Bohai Bay(256m/yr,37°N–39°N),and showed an decreasing tendency gradually from north to south.No significant difference and latitudinal clines in expansion rate paralleling to shoreline were observed.Expansion rate had significant negative correlation with mean seawater temperature,the lowest seawater temperature,current zonal velocity and meridional velocity and presented a reducing trend as these biotic factors increased;however,they were not significantly correlated with the highest seawater temperature and mean seawater salinity.We identified significant correlations between expansion rate and annual mean temperature,the lowest temperature in January and annual precipitation,but there was little correlation with annual diurnal difference in temperature and the highest temperature in July.The rapid expansion rate in high-latitude China demonstrated a higher risk of potential invasion in the north;dynamic monitoring and control management should be established as soon as possible. 相似文献
12.
针对时序数据中的破年变异常，基于S变换时频方法构建信息提取流程，在提取常规短周期破年变信号(ONA)的同时分析背景年变信号(ANA)的演化过程。在此基础上，基于双向非对称阈值策略，结合R值评分及Molchan图表法构建预测指标确定和效能定量评估方法。新疆库尔勒水平摆倾斜北南测项的实际应用结果显示，该测项的ANA信息对台站周边250 km内6级以上地震具有较好的预测效能，ONA信息对200 km范围内5级以上地震的预测效果相对更优。 相似文献
13.
Based on 48-year (1958-2006) ocean reanalysis data of Simple Ocean Data Assimilation and 23-year (1984-2006) global ocean-surface heat flux products developed by the Objectively Analyzed Air-Sea Heat Flux Project, meridional variation of the western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) is addressed. The results show that there is a significant expansion of the northern edge of the WPWP in the late 1990s and early 2000s. This variation is mainly within 120°E-160°E by 8°N-20°N, we define this region (120°E-160°E by 8°N-20°N) as the core region. Furthermore, analyses on upper ocean heat budget show that the short wave radiation plays a key role in the northward expansion of the northern edge of the WPWP in the core region. It is proved that the northward expansion may be caused by the change of the mixed layer which became shallower in 1994-2006 compared with 1984-1993 in the study region. The short wave radiation flux distribution within the shallower mixed layer leads to a positive anomaly in seawater temperature, promoting the northward expansion of the WPWP. 相似文献
14.
我国的经济社会数据主要以各种级别的行政单元为统计对象,这往往会掩盖行政区域的内部差异,当区域内部差异较大时,这些数据就无法真实反映区域的经济社会实际情况。利用地理信息技术与分析方法,本文给出了经济统计数据空间离散模型,分别计算得到了1995、2000、2005年三个年份的我国第一、二、三产业增加值的空间离散数据(公里格网数据),并由此计算得出1995-2000年、2000-2005年两个时段的中国三次产业空间结构变化空间数据。与传统的以行政区为对象的产业结构数据相比,产业结构空间数据能够更好地反映各地的产业结构变化情况,更详细地表达产业结构的空间差异,为区域产业政策的制定以及区域科学发展评价提供依据。 相似文献
15.
以1972、1989、1996、2006、2017年5个不同时段的Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI遥感影像数据、数字高程模型（DEM）数据和气象数据为数据源,通过计算机自动提取与人工目视解译相结合的方法获取南阿尔泰山中部地区各时段的冰湖信息,利用GIS空间分析方法对该地区的冰湖面积进行统计,并分析研究区冰湖在不同规模、不同坡度、不同海拔状态下的时空变化特征。结果表明:①近45年来南阿尔泰山中部地区的冰湖面积呈"先减后增"趋势。1972-1996年研究区的冰湖面积从411.14 km2减少至400.83 km2,共减少了10.31 km2,减少速率为0.43 km2/a。从1996-2017年冰湖面积增加了15.42 km2;增长率为0.514 km2/a。②研究区冰湖分布主要集中在海拔低于2 200 m、坡度小于25°的区域,不同海拔区间和不同坡度区间的冰湖面积均呈"先减后增"趋势。③结合气温、降水、冰川面积以及冰储量变化数据分析发现,南阿尔泰山中部地区冰湖对气候变化具有明显的响应。温度、降水量及冰川融水是影响冰湖面积变化的主要因素;且这三者之间存在一种平衡关系,即温度升高冰川消融速度加快,从而对冰湖的收支平衡产生直接影响。当冰湖的补给量（即冰川融水和降水量之和）大于由温度升高引起的蒸发量时,冰湖面积会呈增长趋势;反之亦然。1970-1980年整个阿勒泰地区年代际降水量减少了19.28 mm,温度上升了0.25℃,因此1972-1989年研究区冰湖的蒸发水量大于补给水量,导致该时段冰湖面积呈退缩态势。1989-1996年该区降水量增加了19.67%,温度升高了0.62℃,但是增加的降水量却无法弥补由温度升高引起的冰湖蒸发量,因此1989-1996年研究区冰湖面积仍处于退缩状态。1996-2017年由于温度和降水量大幅增加导致冰湖面积呈不断增长趋势。 相似文献
16.
近30年西北太平洋热带气旋时空特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用近30年热带气旋年鉴建立了西北太平洋热带气旋灾害数据库,以.NET和ArcGIS Engine搭建了二次开发平台(其包括登录界面、图查属性、 属性查图、数据库分析处理等功能),分析了西北太平洋热带气旋的时间特征、空间特征,以及时空变化特征。结果表明,30年来西北太平洋共生成905次热带气旋,年均30.2次/年。其中,7-10月最容易发生热带气旋,占所有热带气旋的35.7%,8月份达到峰值,达21.5%,2月最不容易发生热带气旋,发生频率仅为0.6%,而8-10月是强台风和超强台风发生的月份。热带气旋源地集中区位于(10°~22°N,112°~120°E)、(8°~20°N,126°~134°E)和(6°~20°N,136°~150°E),具有纬度带和经度带的分布特性。源地的空间分布存在明显的季节变化和月变化特征,在季节尺度上,夏季主要集中在偏北偏西位置,并向南向东偏移,冬季向北向西偏移;在月尺度上,1-4月源地相对分散;5-6月相对于1-4月的源地位置发生向西向北方向转移;7月向东向北扩散,8-9月向西扩散,9月源地相对集中,10月热带气旋源地南移, 11-12月热带气旋源地范围明显减小。 相似文献
17.
本文利用SRTM3高分辨率的数字高程模型（DEM）对广东省已建成的12部新一代天气雷达分别进行地形阻挡分析。结果表明,在低仰角（0.5°）的观测结果中,韶关、连州以及肇庆雷达受地形阻挡较严重,深圳、阳江、梅州和汕尾的雷达也有大面积阻挡区域,其余雷达的覆盖效果均很好。随着扫描仰角的抬高,地形对雷达波束的阻挡有所减弱。从第4个仰角 （3.4°）开始,所有雷达均无地形阻挡。在海拔5 km范围内12部雷达可以完全覆盖广东全省,大部分地区至少有4部雷达重叠。离地3 km和海拔3 km的雷达覆盖情况均显示,除广东省北部和西北部极少部分地区没有雷达覆盖外,大部分地区均有2部以上雷达覆盖,珠江三角洲入海口一带甚至有4~6部雷达重叠。在离地2 km范围内,广东省雷达组网能够有效覆盖广东省大部分区域。在离地1 km范围内,广东省北部和西北部雷达覆盖效果不太理想,存在较大的空白区。在离地高度2 km和海拔高度3 km以上,雷达组网基本可以覆盖广东全境,因此可以认为广东省雷达的总体布局较好。 相似文献
18.
北半球平流层臭氧的时空分布特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1963－1985年北半球的平流层臭氧观测资料，采用自然平交分解方法，初步分析了北半球、特别是东亚地区大气臭氧层的时空分布特征。结果表明：（1）北半球大气臭氧的空分间分布可能与下垫面的性能有关；（2）东亚地区大气臭氧的时间分布主要具有2年和11年变化的周期特征，这与太阳黑子的准2年和准11年变化有一定的对应关系；（3）北美地区的臭氧变化则主要包含4年和7年的周期变经成分。 相似文献
19.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????е???????????з?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????5 km??????????????????????????????????С????????25 km??????????93?????????6 Hz?????????????е?????????С?????????????75 m???????????290 m?? 相似文献
20.
退耕还林对牡丹江区域生态环境脆弱性的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从脆弱生态系统的特征入手,选取景观分离度、分维数倒数、破碎度3个反映景观稳定性及抗干扰能力的景观格局指数,并结合土壤侵蚀强度构成区域生态环境脆弱性的敏感因子,针对研究区地形,以景观生态适宜度作为生态系统自我恢复能力的表征,构建了牡丹江区域生态环境脆弱度评价模型。评价结果表明:（1）退耕还林前后景观类型脆弱度均表现为旱田>建设用地>水田>林地>未利用土地>水域>沼泽>草地;（2）研究区生态脆弱度表现为以脆弱度高值区为中心呈环状向四周递减的趋势,脆弱度高值区面积比重由退耕前的21.57%减小到退耕后的17.11%,脆弱度低值区面积比重由退耕前的63.14%增加到退耕后的67.66%;（3）生态脆弱度高值区域主要分布在200~400m的海拔高度,0~8°的坡度范围内,且退耕后面积比例呈下降趋势,而低值区域则分布在>300m海拔高度的各个坡度范围内,且退耕后面积比例呈上升态势。研究结果符合研究区实际状况。概言之,退耕还林缓和了研究区生态脆弱度状况,促进了生态环境质量向良好方向发展。 相似文献