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1.
针对当前海洋捕捞渔船管理中面临的众多问题,提出从制度创新、渔业法律法规的完善以及渔民自身能力提高等方面加强海洋捕捞渔船管理策略,以促进海洋渔业健康可持续性发展。  相似文献   

2.
浅谈南海渔业管理对策   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
南海渔业资源衰退的主要原因是捕捞过度和海洋生态环境破坏。由于海洋生态过程是动力学过程,很多生态因素的变化会相应引起生态过程的变化,同时生态动力学过程的因素又是多方面的,因此南海渔业资源的管理和生产方式应该从过去的开发型管理向着管理型管理方向转变。这种管理方式涉及面较广,必须实施从渔业资源管理、渔业水域管理、渔业水域周围环境管理到加强对渔船与船员管理、捕养并重、健全法制、强化治政队伍与执法力量配置以及开展国际渔业合作等管理措施。  相似文献   

3.
南海拖网渔具的结构特征及发展方向   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
改革开放以来 ,南海区海洋捕捞业迅速发展 ,捕捞产量逐年增长 ,1 997年总渔获量达到 3 0 0多万 t,是 1 980年 (5 97870 t) [1]的 5倍。在南海海洋渔业中 ,拖网渔业是捕鱼效能最高的渔业 ,是全区海洋渔获量的主要来源。那么 ,这一渔业的现状及其渔具结构特征如何 ?笔者就此作一简单的叙述。1 渔业现状   1 997年全区投入海洋捕捞的渔船总数为 2 470 2 3艘 ,3 0 61 848k W,总渔获量 3 0 741 2 9t,其中机动拖网渔船渔获量 1 671 774t,占全区总渔获量的 5 4.3 8%。南海区大功率拖网渔船主要分布在博贺、闸坡、汕尾、沙扒、硇洲、新湾、崖门…  相似文献   

4.
南海渔业资源衰退的主要原因是捕捞过度和海洋生态环境破坏。由于海洋生态过程是动力学过程,很多生态因素的变化会相应引起生态过程的变化,同时生态动力学过程的因素又是多方面的,因此南海渔业资源的管理和生产方式应该从过去的开发型管理向着管理型管理方向转变。这种管理方式涉及面较广,必须实施从渔业资源管理、渔业水域管理、渔业水域周围环境管理到加强对渔船与船员管理、捕养并重、健全法制、强化治政队伍与执法力量配置以及开展国际渔业合作等管理措施。  相似文献   

5.
70年代以来 ,石油价格的上涨强烈地冲击着全球各个行业。在海洋渔业中 ,以拖网 (尤其底拖网 )渔业所受影响最大 ,所以渔船节能问题引起了世界各渔业国家的特别关注。渔具节能是渔船综合节能的一个重要组成部分。对于拖网渔船来说 ,能源主要消耗于拖网系统 ,因为拖网的网衣、网板、纲索、浮子、沉纲装置等在快速拖曳时产生很大阻力 ,需要消耗渔船的燃油也相当多。不论是国内还是国外 ,拖网渔法消耗燃油均为各类渔具之冠 (表 1 )。可见 ,在拖网渔船综合节能研究中 ,致力研制节能型拖网渔具对提高拖网渔船的生产经济效益起着重大作用 ,对发展我…  相似文献   

6.
高精度渔业捕捞强度数据是开展捕捞限额管理的前提与关键,也是海洋渔业资源可持续发展的重要保障。因此,本文以挖掘海洋渔业捕捞强度空间特征为出发点,选用2018年2、4、9和11月典型季节的中国籍6364艘渔船1.8亿条高时空粒度AIS数据。运用专家知识经验、空间统计及数据挖掘分析方法,以广西南岸北部湾渔场、广东沿岸和环海南岛周边海域为研究区域,对渔业捕捞强度空间特征展开了细致的挖掘与分析。结果表明:① 广东、广西两省(以下简称“两广”)沿岸海域渔业高强度捕捞主要呈现“团块”向外扩张汇聚成“条带”或“更大团块”的特征,而环海南岛周边主要呈现“团块状”特征;② 受渔业从业人员、渔业作业船舶数量、海洋渔场及海域环境影响,“两广”沿岸近海海域捕捞强度明显高于环海南岛周边海域; ③ 高强度捕捞区域主要集中于近岸30~50 km范围内,且近海捕捞强度高于远海区域,归因于研究区内中小型作业渔船占比较高,达50.9%;④ 渔业捕捞活动受农历传统春节及休渔期等政策因素的影响,春节期间的渔业捕捞强度是所选数据覆盖时间范围中最低的,并且休渔期后(9月)渔业捕捞强度明显高于休渔期前(4月);⑤ 研究区海岸附近的大型渔港对近岸海域的高强度捕捞具有一定的辐射带动效应。本研究通过对高时空粒度的AIS数据进行处理、分析及深度挖掘,可为近岸海洋渔业捕捞强度探析提供重要数据支撑,服务于海洋渔业可持续发展。  相似文献   

7.
自欧盟共同渔业政策实施以来,英国遇到了严重的"捕捞配额蹦跳"问题。为解决此问题,英国通过立法改变了渔船取得英国国籍的条件,但却被欧盟法院和英国法院裁定违反欧盟法,并对由此给受害方造成的损失负有国家赔偿责任。此案是具有宪法性质的判例,揭示了欧盟法和成员国法的上下位关系、英国法院借助欧盟法院的初裁可偶尔挑战英国议会法、捕捞渔业权是一种特殊的物权类型、成员国承担国家赔偿责任的要件以及欧盟委员会作为欧共体条约守护者的重要地位。另外,该案也显示了西班牙渔业界应对世界海洋渔业管理体制变革和欧盟政治经济一体化的能力。  相似文献   

8.
西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼是我国鱿钓渔船的重要捕捞对象,在海洋生态系统中起着重要的作用。基于Web of Science数据库文献检索到的98篇文献,运用文献计量学分析方法,对西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼渔业生物学研究现状进行了系统梳理,并对未来发展趋势进行了分析。结果表明,1994年以来,阿根廷滑柔鱼渔业生物学研究一直受到各国学者的较多的关注,其中以阿根廷和英国最多;在研究内容方面,渔场形成及其环境因子关系等研究已较为成熟,各国学者达成较为一致的意见;年龄、种群结构和洄游分布以及资源评估和管理已取得重要成果,但仍存在差异。为此,建议应加强各沿海国家和地区以及远洋国家对阿根廷滑柔鱼资源合作调查与科学研究,掌握不同群体的生活史过程及其数量变动机制,开发符合其生活史特点的资源评估模型,为阿根廷滑柔鱼渔业可持续发展提供科学指导。  相似文献   

9.
渔业补贴政策对海洋捕捞渔业有着举足轻重的影响作用。以渔业柴油补贴政策在广东的实施为例,分析其在政治、经济、社会、技术等方面对广东海洋捕捞业有着促进作用,但依然存在渔民对政策有认识误区、渔业柴油补贴资金监督制度不完善、渔业柴油补贴方式不合理、海洋捕捞作业的补贴政策不科学、渔民捕捞设备落后等问题。因此,需加强柴油补贴政策的宣传、创新渔业柴油的补贴方式、调整渔业柴油的补贴政策、健全渔民培训的工作机制。  相似文献   

10.
船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System, AIS)不仅是海上交通监管的有效工具,也为研究海上交通运输及其相关产业活动特征提供了一种良好的数据源。基于海上渔船AIS数据,本研究利用高斯混合模型(Gaussian Mixed Model,GMM)识别渔船捕捞活动状态,提出一种将核密度估计(Kernel Density Estimation,KDE)与热点分析(Hot Spot Analysis, HSA)相融合用于渔船捕捞活动聚集区提取的方法。结果显示:与单一KDE或HSA方法相比,二者相融合的方法将KDE的距离衰减效应与HSA统计指数相结合,在渔船捕捞活动聚集区提取中的应用效果较好、效率较高;采用该融合方法,基于2018年9—12月AIS数据,实现对渤海海峡周边海域渔船捕捞活动聚集区的提取,发现不同月份,渔船捕捞活动聚集区的分布范围和空间形态特征具有一定差异性,烟威近岸海域和渤海海峡是主要的捕捞活动聚集区,其结果可为该海域捕捞活动管理和海洋生态保护提供技术方法和决策支持。  相似文献   

11.
海洋渔业资源作为一种公共资源具有非排他性和竞争性,公地悲剧的困境使其面临强烈的搭便车诱惑,导致资源过度利用甚至枯竭。如何对海洋渔业资源进行有效管理,是维持海洋渔业可持续发展的关键所在。介绍了海洋渔业管理理念的发展与演变过程,在对基于政府集权、权利、社区以及生态系统的海洋渔业管理理念及其优缺点进行分析与研究的基础上,探讨了海洋渔业管理的未来发展趋势,并且阐述了其对我国海洋渔业管理带来的启示。  相似文献   

12.
Community-based natural resource management in northeast India has a long history. Indigenous knowledge and adaptation are the collective information, with improvement from generation to generation. The expectation is that under community control, local expertise on biodiversity will play a significant role in natural resource management through traditional practices. This paper discusses the characteristics and application of the traditional ecological knowledge of aboriginal peoples in northeast India and its role in natural resource management. Examples are provided in two different eco-cultural landscapes, i.e., Demazong (the Buddhist eco-cultural landscape in Sikkim Himalaya) and the Apatani eco-cultural landscape in Arunachal Pradesh, which illustrate the utility value of traditional ecological knowledge in sustainable natural resource management. Both eco-cultural landscapes are indeed very complex and highly evolved systems with high levels of economic and ecological efficiencies. The paper concludes that traditional ecological knowledge systems and institutions could serve as entry points into the sustainable utilization and management of natural resources. This could be achieved through the exploration of the cultural practices of the local people and integrating useful aspects into the modern natural resource management expertise. With rapidly depleting biodiversity in the developing tropic regions, there is a greater utilization today than ever before of the value of respecting the "Sacred" as a tool towards better conservation of natural resources.  相似文献   

13.
中国环境污染的区域联防方案   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
环境污染的区域性发展趋势要求污染治理从区域角度进行统筹规划,这与我国按照行政区域进行环境管理的现状存在矛盾。因此,迫切需要进行环境污染区域联防方面的研究。通过运用区域地理学、经济地理学的理论和研究成果,同时借鉴国内外相关案例,并结合我国自然环境、经济发展的区域差异,提出了区域性环保机构设置方案。该方案包括建立5个国家直属局和12个省级分局,这些区域性环保机构既考虑区域环境现状又兼顾未来发展趋势,能够对我国今后的环境保护管理改革提供资料。  相似文献   

14.
Length-weight relationships for six freshwater fish species in Iran   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The aim of this study is to report the length-weight relationship parameters (a and b) for some economically important fish species from Iranian freshwaters. The length-weight relationships (LWR) are calculated for six freshwater fish species collected during 2006 and 2007 in Iran. The values of the exponent b in the LWR (W=aLb) vary between 2.985 and 3.543. The LWR with high correlation coefficient (r2) is significant for all the species. These parameters are of great importance to evaluate the relative condition of populations, biology, species management and their fisheries and stock assessment. The application of the length-weight relationships presented here should be limited to the observed length ranges.  相似文献   

15.
中国建立可追溯的水产品流通体系非常迫切,批发市场的流通主导地位,其本身设备及监管的局限性制约着可追溯的水产品流通体系的建设。提出应用One-up-one-down可追溯原则建立可追溯的水产品流通体系。通过建立可追溯监管法规约束水产品流通主体,并从标签的规定、信息的记录和追溯凭证方面实施可追溯的水产品流通体系。  相似文献   

16.
The Jimo coast encompasses an area of 2157 km~2, and the ecosystem is valuable both socially and economically with regional fisheries substantially contributing to the value. A mass-balanced trophic model consisting of 15 functional ecological groups was developed for the coastal ecosystem using the Ecopath model in Ecopath with Ecosim(Ew E) software(version 6.4.3). The results of the model simulations indicated that the trophic levels of the functional groups varied between 1.0 and 3.76, and the total production of the system was estimated to be 5112.733 t km~(-2) yr~(-1) with a total energy transfer efficiency of 17.6%. The proportion of the total flow originating from detritus was estimated to be 48%, whereas that from primary producers was 52%, indicating that the grazing food chain dominated the energy flow. The ratio of total primary productivity to total respiration in the system was 3.78, and the connectivity index was 0.4. The fin cycling index and the mean path length of the energy flow were 4.92% and 2.57%, respectively, which indicated that the ecosystem exhibits relatively low maturity and stability. The mixed trophic impact(MTI) procedure suggested that the ecological groups at lower trophic levels dominated the feeding dynamics in the Jimo coastal ecosystem. Overfishing is thought to be the primary reason for the degeneration of the Jimo coastal ecosystem, resulting in a decline in the abundance of pelagic and demersal fish species and a subsequent shift to the predominance of lower-trophic-level functional groups. Finally, we offered some recommendations for improving current fishery management practices.  相似文献   

17.
【目的】构建渔业资源质量状况评价体系,评估渔业管理成效,服务海洋渔业可持续发展。【方法】以北部湾底拖网调查数据为基础,结合渔业统计数据,构建渔业资源质量状况评价指标体系。该体系分3个层次,下设7项指标。通过专家经验法和平均赋值法对指标进行赋值,得到各指标权重,建立质量状况评价等级指数,并利用该等级指数对北部湾渔业资源进行评价。【结果与结论】1992―2017年北部湾渔业资源评价指标中有6项呈下降趋势;质量状况评价等级指数波动在0.44~0.56之间。自20世纪90年代以来,北部湾渔业资源一直处于临界状态。该评价结果与北部湾渔业资源利用的实际状况基本相符,证明该方法具有合理性和可操作性,可为其他海区渔业资源质量状况评价提供借鉴。  相似文献   

18.
In the Indian Ocean, bigeye tuna supports one of the most important fisheries in the world. This fishery mainly consists of two components: longline and purse seine fisheries. Evidence of overfishing and stock depletion of bigeye tuna calls for an evaluation of alternative management strategies. Using an age-structured operating model, parameterized with the results derived in a recent stock assessment, we evaluated the effectiveness of applying constant fishing mortality (CF) and quasi-constant fishing mortality (QCF) strategies to reduce fishing effort of purse seining with fish aggregating devices (FADs) at different rates. Three different levels of productivity accounted for the uncertainty in our understanding of stock productivity. The study shows that the results of CF and QCF are similar. Average SSB and catch during simulation years would be higher if fishing mortality of FAD-associated purse seining was reduced rapidly. The banning or rapid reduction of purse seining with FAD resulted in a mean catch, and catch in the last simulation year, higher than that of the base case in which no change was made to the purse seine fishery. This could be caused by growth overfishing by purse seine fisheries with FADs according to the per-recruit analysis. These differences would be more obvious when stock productivity was low. Transferring efforts of FAD-associated purse seining to longline fisheries is also not feasible. Our study suggests that changes are necessary to improve the performance of the current management strategy.  相似文献   

19.
The original purpose of Vessel Monitoring System(VMS) is for enforcement and control of vessel sailing. With the application of VMS in fishing vessels, more and more population dynamic studies have used VMS data to improve the accuracy of fisheries stock assessment. In this paper, we simulated the trawl trajectory under different time intervals using the cubic Hermite spline(c Hs) interpolation method based on the VMS data of 8 single otter trawl vessels(totally 36000 data items) fishing in Zhoushan fishing ground from September 2012 to December 2012, and selected the appropriate time interval. We then determined vessels’ activities(fishing or non-fishing) by comparing VMS speed data with the corresponding speeds from logbooks. The results showed that the error of simulated trajectory greatly increased with the increase of time intervals of VMS data when they were longer than 30 minutes. Comparing the speeds from VMS with those from the corresponding logbooks, we found that the vessels’ speeds were between 2.5 kn and 5.0 kn in fishing. The c Hs interpolation method is a new choice for improving the accuracy of estimation of sailing trajectory, and the VMS can be used to determine the vessels’ activities with the analysis of their trajectories and speeds. Therefore, when the fishery information is limited, VMS can be one of the important data sources for fisheries stock assessment, and more attention should be paid to its construction and application to fisheries stock assessment and management.  相似文献   

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