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1.
Algal organic materials (AOMs) are one critical factor affecting the efficiency of modified clays used for the mitigation of harmful algal blooms (HABs). This study was conducted to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and factors affecting the adsorption of AOMs onto modified clays. Sodium alginate (polysaccharide) and kaolinite modified with polyaluminium chloride (PACl) were used as AOMs and modified clay model substances, respectively, and the effects of modifier dosage, contact time, solution pH and ionic strength were investigated through batch adsorption experiments. Kinetics revealed that the alginate adsorption rate was described well by a pseudo-second order model. PACl effectively enhanced the adsorption capacity of kaolinite and increased the adsorption rate, and the optimum additive amount of PACl was 5%. The experimental data fitted both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption equations well. The adsorption thermodynamics for alginate onto modified clays suggests that alginate adsorption is a spontaneous process. The adsorption of alginate onto modified clays was highly dependent on pH, with a decrease in adsorption observed with increased pH to 9.48, but the opposite was true above pH 9.48. Finally, adsorption increased with increasing ionic strength. 相似文献
2.
为研究页岩气藏生产过程中井底压力动态及影响因素,基于质量守恒定律,考虑解吸和压力敏感系数,建立页岩气藏双孔双渗数学模型,对数学模型差分离散得到数值模型并求解;分析解吸、兰氏体积、兰氏压力、吸附时间、压力敏感系数等对井底压力双对数曲线的影响.结果表明:吸附气解吸使压降速率变缓且较晚触到边界;兰氏体积或兰氏压力越大,井底压力双对数曲线的下凹部分越明显;吸附时间常数越短,扩散效果越好,越容易达到整体径向流段;压力敏感系数越大,双对数曲线上翘越明显.该研究结果对页岩气藏开发具有指导意义. 相似文献
3.
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SULFHYDRYL CHITOSAN 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A new adsorbent for heavy metal ions, sulfhydryl chitosan (S-chitosan), was produced by treatment of chitosan with sulhydryl acetic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Its structure was confrrmed by elemental analysis and FI‘-IR spectra analysis. The adsorption properties of sulthydryl chitosan for Cu(Ⅱ ), Cd(Ⅱ ), Pb(Ⅱ), Cr(Ⅲ) and Ni(Ⅱ) were investigated, and the effect of pH value on adsorption, adsorption kinetics, and selective adsorption was examined. It was shown that S-chitosan has good adsorption for Pb(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) like chitosan, is also insoluble in acid solution; has good adsorption kinetic properties for heavy metal ions; and can be used in acid solution. The adsorption capacities of S-chitosan can be affected by media acidity. The adsorbed Cu(Ⅱ) Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) could be eluted by diluted chlorhydric acid. 相似文献
4.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｒｅｌｅａｓｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｈａｓｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｔｒｉｇｇｅｒｅｄａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｓｔｕｄｉｅｓａｉｍｉｎｇａｔｔｈｅｒｅｍｏｖａｌｏｆｍｅｔａｌｉｏｎｓｆｒｏｍａｑｕｅｏｕｓｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ (ＦｏｕｒｅｓｔａｎｄＶｏｌｅｓｋｙ ,1 997;ＦｅｈｒｍａｎｎａｎｄＰｏｈｌ,1 993 ;ＫｕｙｕｃａｋａｎｄＶｏｌｅｓｋｙ,1 989) .Ｉｔｗａｓｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａ… 相似文献
5.
The adsorption and desorption of algae Cladophora fascicularis and their relation with initial Cd^2＋ concentration, initial pH, and co-existing ions were studied. Adsorption equilibrium and biosorption kinetics were established from batch experiments. The adsorption equilibrium was adequately described by the Langmuir isotherm, and biosorption kinetics was in pseudo-second order model. The experiment on co-existing ions showed that the biosorption capacity of biomass decreased with an increasing concentration of competing ions. Desorption experiments indicated that EDTA was efficient desorbent for recovery from Cd^2＋. With high capacities of metal biosorption and desorption, the biomass of Cladophora fascicularis is promising as a cost-effective biosorbent for the removal of Cd^2＋ from wastewater. 相似文献
6.
Phenol is a common industrial chemical produced and transported worldwide largely. Therefore, accidental spillage of phenol in the ocean causes an increasing concern. Microalgae are promising to remove phenol from marine waters. However, temperature and light intensity are two main factors that markedly influence biodegradation in marine environments. In this study, a marine golden alga Isochrysis galbana is selected to research the removal of phenol under different temperatures (10–30°C) and light intensities (0–240 µmol/(m2·s)). The results show that the most suitable temperature and light intensity for phenol removal are 20°C and 180 µmol/(m2·s), respectively, and 100 mg/L of phenol can be completely removed by microalga in 24 h at these conditions. I. galbana can also remove phenol under dark and low-temperature conditions. The removal of phenol by I. galbana at diverse temperatures and light intensities conform to first-order kinetics, and the process under dark conditions conform to zero-order kinetics. Thus, I. galbana can be used in the in-situ bioremediation of polluted seawater by phenol. 相似文献
7.
聚合物对钻井液的高温流变特性具有重要影响。对比了聚合物种类、加量、剪切时间、盐、造浆黏土等对聚合物溶液高温流变性的影响，并对不同温度下的剪切速率-剪切应力关系进行了流变模型拟合。结果表明，温度升高、剪切时间及盐量增加均导致黏度降低，超过190℃后黏度下降速率加剧；含5%甲酸盐与5%卤盐的样品黏度在降温阶段的黏度恢复率分别为86.8%和2.7%；以宾汉模式对造浆黏土与聚合物混合液进行拟合，220℃时的动切力最高达到5.47 Pa。温度升高使得聚合物溶液由假塑性向牛顿性演变的趋势增强。高于130℃时，长时间剪切导致黏度下降的趋势明显，此时含甲酸盐的聚合物溶液黏度较含卤盐的高，且降温阶段的黏度恢复率也较高。黏土的存在增强了混合液的网间结构，有利于高温下携带岩屑。 相似文献
8.
对改性沸石去除氨氮的条件及机理进行了实验探讨。结果表明 ,沸石经过活化剂处理后具有降低水中氨氮的作用。影响沸石去除氨氮的主要因素包括沸石与含氨氮溶液作用时间、沸石用量、溶液中氨氮浓度、沸石的粒度和溶液的温度等 ,探讨了沸石去除氨氮的机理 ,初步认为主要是由于离子交换作用和吸附作用共同完成的。 相似文献
9.
The response surface methodology (RSM) combined with bioassays was employed to optimize the extraction process of crude fucose-containing sulphated polysaccharides (cFCSP) from Sargassum fusiforme. The central composite design (CCD) was used with four variables, five levels, and four responses. The four variables were pH value of hydrochloric acid solution, extraction temperature (°C), ratio of liquid to raw material (mL g?1), and extraction time (h), respectively. Chemical and bioassay indices were used in combination as the response parameters, which included the yield of cFCSP, fucose content, proliferation rate of spleen cells, and lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation of splenocytes. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis, and examined using the appropriate statistical methods. The best extraction conditions were as follows: the pH value of hydrochloric acid solution was 3.50; the extraction temperature was 100°C; the ratio of liquid to raw material was 15.00 mL g?1 and the extraction time was 2.50 h. The experimental yield was close to the predicted from the model. The extract could promote spleen lymphocyte proliferation, especially the lipopolysaccharide-induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, which suggested that its immunomodulatory effect on B lymphocytes. Therefore, cFCSP extracted from S. fusiforme could be utilized as an immunostimulant in functional foods and pharmaceutical industry in future. 相似文献
10.
应用Real-time PCR技术,研究脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)、苯酚、硫酸铜刺激红笛鲷(Lutjanussanguineus)后非特异性细胞毒性细胞受体(NCCRP-1)基因在不同组织里的表达差异。结果发现,LPS刺激红笛鲷24 h后NCCRP-1在红笛鲷头肾、脾脏、胸腺、肝脏、心脏、脑、肌肉和肠组织中均有表达,其中头肾表达量最高,脾脏次之,然后依次是肝脏、脑、肌肉、胸腺和肠,心脏表达量最少。LPS、苯酚和CuSO4刺激红笛鲷后,随着刺激时间的增长,NCCRP-1表达量在各组织达到峰值的时间不同。以头肾为模式组织,RT-PCR的结果显示,红笛鲷NCCRP-1在LPS、苯酚和CuSO4的刺激下的表达模式相似,随着时间的增加NCCRP-1表达量逐渐增加,分别在24、9、12 h处达到最高,达到对照组的52、30、24倍左右,之后表达量开始下降。免疫组织化学表明,NCCRP-1只在头肾、脾脏和胸腺的特定细胞中表达。 相似文献
11.
多孔介质中酚醛树脂冻胶动态成胶规律 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为认识酚醛树脂冻胶在多孔介质中动态成胶行为,通过测定黏度和注入压力随成胶时间的变化,研究酚醛树脂冻胶在安瓿瓶和多孔介质中的静态成胶及多孔介质中动态成胶过程;考察聚合物和交联剂质量分数对成胶时间和冻胶强度的影响.结果表明:静态条件下,酚醛树脂冻胶在多孔介质中的初始和最终成胶时间分别为安瓿瓶内成胶的1～1.5倍和1.5～2倍;多孔介质中,动态初始和最终成胶时间分别为静态条件下的2倍和2～3倍;随聚合物和交联剂质量分数增大,成胶时间缩短,冻胶强度增大,但在成胶过程中冻胶向深部运移的能力降低.后续水驱结果表明:动态成胶过程中,冻胶封堵位置主要集中在岩心入口端,封堵率达99.8%以上;只有当酚醛树脂冻胶可以在多孔介质中产生明显的运移时,冻胶体系才具有深部调剖的能力;当多孔介质的渗透率为8μm2左右,HPAM质量分数小于0.2%,酚醛树脂预聚体质量分数小于0.6%时,冻胶可以进行深部调剖.多孔介质中静态成胶形成的为整体冻胶,而动态成胶形成的为分散的冻胶颗粒. 相似文献
12.
根据1960-2002年印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼亲体量-补充量(stock-recruitment,SR)及其表层水温资料,利用Ricker模型,水温分期Ricker模型和模糊逻辑Ricker模型,考察表层加权水温与黄鳍金枪鱼亲体量、补充量之间的关系。研究表明,模糊逻辑Ricker模型拟合效果最好,水温分期Ricker模型次之,均优于原始Ricker模型。水温分期Ricker模型中的暖水月补充量比冷水月大,在黄鳍金枪鱼资源量较低时,暖水条件更有利于种群的繁衍。模糊逻辑Ricker模型得出冷水月和暖水月条件下的极端估计,受水温等外界条件影响,黄鳍金枪鱼的补充量在两条SR曲线间波动。水温等环境条件的变化产生了不同于依赖于密度因素的种群动力过程,限制了原始Ricker模型对亲体补充量关系的描述。 相似文献
13.
几种因子对鞍带石斑鱼精子活力的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究不同梯度的盐度、pH、温度及低温保存时间对鞍带石斑鱼精子活力的影响。结果表明:鞍带石斑鱼精子活力的适宜盐度范围为27.5～35.0,最适盐度为32.5,此时精子的快速运动时间和寿命分别为13.2min和14.8min;最适pH为8.5,精子的快速运动时间及寿命最长,分别达12.7min和17.3min;温度范围为27～31℃,以29℃时快速运动时间最长,达16.6min;在0～4℃冰箱保存6h后鞍带石斑鱼精子活力未显著降低,其中保存前精子快速运动时间为18.4min,保存6h后为18.2min,保存120h后仍有活力,精子快速运动时间为2.3min,精子激活率为3.3%。以x为保存时间,快速运动时间y和寿命y′符合线性方程y=-0.8334x+19.164(R2=0.9856),y′=-1.1358x+27.8(R2=0.9573)。 相似文献
14.
【目的】研究过热蒸汽杀菌对熟制小龙虾优势腐败菌的杀菌效果。【方法】从腐败熟制小龙虾中分离腐败菌,根据16S rDNA基因序列信息鉴定其种属,研究过热蒸汽温度、流量和杀菌时间等的处理参数对小龙虾优势腐败菌的杀菌效果,并利用Weibull模型拟合其杀菌动力学过程。通过研究过热蒸汽处理对优势腐败菌菌悬液的电导率和紫外吸收的影响,以及通过扫描电子显微镜对菌体的微观结构进行观察,初步探讨其杀菌机理。【结果】熟制小龙虾优势腐败菌为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)和赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus macroides)。在过热蒸汽杀菌初期阶段,优势腐败菌的残活率迅速下降,随着杀菌时间延长,残活率下降速率变得缓慢,最后趋于稳定,说明过热蒸汽能完全杀灭小龙虾优势腐败菌。Weibull模型能较好拟合过热蒸汽对4种优势腐败菌的杀菌动力学,其R2≥0.935。Weibull模型得到的预测值与实测值接近程度较高。通过对模型的分析,提高过热蒸汽温度和增大流量,更容易到达灭活腐败菌的效果。过热蒸汽杀菌后,菌悬液的电导率值和吸光度迅速上升,之后趋于平缓;通过对微观结构的观察,发现杀菌后腐败菌的细胞膜完整性遭到严重破坏。【结论】过热蒸汽杀菌技术应用于小龙虾产品加工具有一定的可行性。 相似文献
15.
Activities of hexokinase(HK),pyruvate kinase(PK) and levels of HSP70 were measured to evaluate the response of Litopenaeus vannamei to rapid temperature changes under controlled laboratory conditions.Shrimps were subjected to a quick temperature change from 27℃ to 17℃ for the summer case(Cold temperature treatment),or from 17℃ to 27℃ for the winter case(Warm temperature treatment).After 0.5,1,3,6,12,24,48,and 72 h of exposure time,shrimps were sampled and prepared for further analysis.The results showed that the effect of acute temperature changes on activities of HK was significant.Patterns of variations of the two glycolytic enzymes suggested that enzymes in the glycolysis cycle could adjust their activities to meet the acute temperature change.The HSP70 level increased in both cold and warm temperature treatments,suggesting that the rapid temperature changes activated the process of body's self-protection.But the difference in expression peak of HSP70 might be related to the different body size and the higher thermal sensitivity to temperature increase than to temperature decrease of L.vannamei. 相似文献
16.
Activities of hexokinase(HK), pyrnvate kinase(PK)and levels of HSPT0 were measured to evaluate the response of Litopenaeus vannamei to rapid temperature changes under controlled laboratory conditions. Shrimps were subjected to a quick temperature change from 27℃ to 17℃ for the summer case(Cold temperature treatment), or from 17℃ to 27℃ for the winter case(Warm temperature treatment). After 0. 5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure time, shrimps were sampled and prepared for further analysis. The results showed that the effect of acute temperature changes on activities of HK was significant. Patterns of variations of the two glycolytic enzymes suggested that enzymes in the glycolysis cycle could adjust their activities to meet the acute temperature change. The HSP70 level increased in both cold and warm temperature treatments, suggesting that the rapid temperature changes activated the process of body's self-protection. But the difference in expression peak of HSP70 might be related to the different body size and the higher thermal sensitivity to temperature increase than to temperature decrease of L. Vannamei. 相似文献
17.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(3)
This study aimed to present a novel clay/biochar composite adsorption particle, which made from abandoned reed straw and clay to remove ammonia nitrogen(NH_4~+-N) from micro-contaminated water. The removal performance of NH_4~+-N by composite adsorption particle was monitored under different raw material proportions and initial NH_4~+-N concentration. Besides, adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms were investigated to reveal the adsorption mechanisms. The results showed that NH_4~+-N was effectively removed under optimal proportion of biochar, foaming agent and crosslinker with 20%, 3%, and 3%, respectively. The optimal contact time was 150 min and the best removal efficiency was 88.6% at initial NH_4~+-N concentration of 20 mg L~(-1). The adsorption performance was well described by the second order kinetic model and Freundlich model. The novel clay/biochar composite adsorption particle in this study demonstrated a high potential for NH_4~+-N removal from surface water. 相似文献
18.
本研究探讨了安徽省巢湖市、雨山区和天长市的温度与心脑血管疾病死亡之间的关系。从中国疾病预防控制中心收集2008-2011年这3个城市（区）居民的心脑血管疾病日死亡资料,采用Possion广义叠加模型研究了温度与心脑血管疾病死亡之间的暴露-反应曲线关系,并以最适宜温度为参照,分别估计高温和低温情况下气温每上升或下降1 °C,对应的心脑血管疾病死亡人数上升的百分比。结果显示,3个城市心脑血管疾病死亡与温度之间的暴露-反应曲线为J-型,即存在一个最适宜温度,心脑血管疾病的死亡风险在该最适宜温度达到最低,巢湖市、雨山区、天长市的最适宜温度分别为29.0°C、26.6°C、26.9°C。当温度低于最适宜温度时,温度每降低1 °C,巢湖市、雨山区和天长市的心脑血管疾病死亡人数分别增加1.06%（95%CI：0.39%~1.74%）、2.18%（95%CI：1.56%~2.81%）、0.89%（95%CI：-0.11%~1.90%）;当温度高于最适宜温度时,温度每升高1°C,3城市的心脑血管患者死亡人数分别增加2.92%（95%CI：-2.19%~8.30%）、4.87%（95%CI：-0.11%~10.10%）、2.06%（95%CI：-2.57%~6.91%）。研究结果表明,低温和高温均会对安徽省城市居民的心脑血管疾病死亡产生影响,且温度对心脑血管疾病死亡的影响还存在地域差异。因此,在研究温度对心脑血管疾病死亡的影响、制定相关的防御措施时,都需因地制宜地进行分析。 相似文献
19.
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20.
基于遥感和BP人工神经网络的城乡气象站点划分分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
城市热岛是城市环境和全球变化研究的重要组成部分,利用气象观测资料研究城市热岛的影响一般采用城市和乡村气象站的同步实测气温,并计算其平均气温差,因此,城乡气象站点划分的准确性,将直接影响城市热岛研究的科学性。鉴于以行政单元统计人口为依据的划分方式未考虑人口在行政单元内的实际空间分布,本文以安徽省为例,利用从遥感影像上提取的土地利用信息,采用BP人工神经网络方法,建立站点缓冲区内土地利用类型比例的城乡站点划分模型,并利用空间化后的人口格网数据对该模型的精度进行了验证。结果表明,该模型有效地建立了气象站点周边缓冲区内的土地利用类型比例与城乡站点类型之间的定量关系,避免直接采用行政单元统计人口数据的不足,客观地模拟了缓冲区内土地利用对气象站点的综合作用,科学地划分出城市和乡村气象站点,为城市热岛研究提供科学、可靠的数据保障,并可用于大区域研究。另外,本文利用划分出的乡村站点建立背景温度场,得出2000年安徽省各城市站点平均热岛强度为0.4℃。 相似文献