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1.
The northeast region is one of the principal mire distribution regions in China. According to the process of peat formation and accumulation , middle geomorphology type controlling water source supplement and the plant cover, 2 types, 10 subtypes and 27 mire bodies are divided. The mire area decreases gradually from north to south. There is more peat mire in the mountain and there is mainly gley mire without peat in the plain. The paper also explains the mire types in the principal mire distribution region and the utilization of mire in the fields of agriculture, forest, animal husbandry. The mire is a wetland ecosystem. It can reserve a lot of water, adjust rivers, humidify air. Thereby , attention must be paid to protecting ecological balance in the process of reclaiming mire and the mire protection. 相似文献
2.
The significance of biodiversity and ecosystem services are gradually recognized by human as an approach towards sustainability, so it is important to understand relationships and congruence between them to support conservation planning, especially in the hotspot areas with a prominent role in conservation. However, the management of most conservation hotspots mainly focused on biodiversity, and rarely concerned with ecosystem services. With the aim of proposing criteria for conservation strategies that contribute to the optimization of biodiversity and ecosystem services, in this study, a Geographic Information System(GIS)-based approach was designed to estimate and map the biodiversity and ecosystem services in Chongqing Municipality of China. Furthermore, the distributions of hotspot areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services were mapped based on the relationship between cumulative ecosystem services and areas. Finally the statistical analysis was processed focused on specific conservation objectives. The results showed that hotspot areas can conserve the most biodiversity but with the least ecosystem services under the conservation plans target to biodiversity conservation. In contrast, depending on the ecosystem services of interest, hotspot areas can conserve the largest ecosystem services but with the least biodiversity. By integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services into conservation plan, we found that the conservation and regeneration of these small areas, would contribute to a conservation of 44% of the biodiversity hotspot and 14%–42% of the ecosystem services hotspot. Moreover, the current nature reserve selection was not maximize the biodiversity and ecosystem services compared to integration strategy, indicating that hotspot areas conservation and selection is vital for optimization protection of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and has practical significance for natural resources and ecosystem management. 相似文献
3.
Mire is the product of the Quaternary. It mostly formed, developed and declined after the postglacial age. Therefore the chemical element analysis, spore-pollen analysis, 14C dating, mire plant determination for mire sediment, and the study on hierarchy relation of mire sediment, can provide a lot of information for restoring paleogeography, paleoclimate and environmental change. So some people called mire sediment-peat as "database of environment". 相似文献
4.
《山地科学学报》2021,(7)
Assessments of ecological importance based on static indexes that do not consider service flows frequently underestimate the importance of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a "source". On the basis of natural environmental characteristics, this study selected six type of ecosystem services for evaluation, including water retention, soil retention, carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, sandstorm prevention, and tourism. According to the attributes of each ecosystem service flow, we calculated the flow length and traffic accessibility indexes, using Arc GIS hydrological module and kernel functions separately, to comprehensively analyse the ecological importance levels of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Results showed that after considering the service flows, the ecologically important zone shifted to the core area of the Three River Source Region, such as Zadoi County located in the Tanggula Mountains. The area of extreme importance is mainly distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, Tanggula Mountains, Hengduan Mountains, and Qilian Mountains, which accounts for 31.7% of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, providing approximately 60% of the ecosystem services and having extremely high protection efficiency and protection value. By introducing ecosystem service flow indexes, this study confirmed the ecological importance of core source areas such as the Tanggula Mountains, weakened the space bias caused by not considering the spatial transfer of ecosystem services, and provided technical support for optimizing ecological protection strategies and coordinating regional development. 相似文献
5.
APPLICATION OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS TO ASSESSING THE ECOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY OF WETLANDS IN THE JIANGHAN PLAIN 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
WANGXue-lei NINGLong-mei HUWang-bin 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(3):272-276
Wetlands in the Jianghan Plain are important components of wetland types in lake area in the middle and lower reaches the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and they fulfill many uses and functions related to hydrology,waste assimilation, ecosystem productivity and biodiversity. Owing to natural factors and human activities, especially excessive reclamation from lakes, the shrinking process of the lakes has been accelerated. Wetland ecosystem has shown the characteristics of vulnerability. According to the analysis of wetland ecological function in the Jianghan Plain, this paper presented an index system related to productivity, stability and environmental capacity. By using the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process, we computed the values of the relative weights of the indexes, and evaluated the vulnerability level of the wetland ecosystem by the method of multi-indexes. The case study showed that the fragile extent of wetland ecosystem in the Jianghan Plain is 5.6. This means that the wetland ecosystem in the Jiang-han Plain is laid to the state of middle vulnerability. Therefore, the wetland conservation and eco-rehabilitation in the JiangJaan Plain should be paid attention to. 相似文献
6.
Protected areas (PAs) have experienced explosive growth in Northwest China over the last three decades, but their effectiveness in representing regional ecological system diversity has not attracted considerable attention. Low effectiveness would exacerbate the conservation-development conflicts, particularly those that arise as a result of the Great Western Development Strategy (GWDS). Thus, an assessment of the effectiveness of the PA network has become quite important. We proposed natural vegetation communities to represent regional ecological system diversities, and proposed Global 200 Priority Ecoregions, Important Bird Areas, and ecosystem function regions to represent important conservation areas. To determine their effectiveness, we studied the extent to which ecological system diversities and important conservation areas are represented by the existing 96 PAs. Our results indicated that the total coverage of vegetation communities in PAs in Northwest China is not sufficiently comprehensive. As the PA system has expanded, the growth in the total area of the PAs has been greater than that of their vegetation community richness. While most of the important conservation areas are covered by PAs, some regions have not yet reached the 10% threshold; further, PAs are distributed unevenly and conservation gaps remain in the region. Therefore, these regions should receive more attention when planning new PAs. It is vital that more biodiversity datasets and assessment of ecosystem function regions are integrated in order to provide a basis for the government to formulate appropriate protection and development strategies. 相似文献
7.
Remote sensing of ecosystem services: An opportunity for spatially explicit assessment 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
Ecosystem service is an emerging concept that grows to be a hot research area in ecology. Spatially explicit ecosystem service
values are important for ecosystem service management. However, it is difficult to quantify ecosystem services. Remote sensing
provides images covering Earth surface, which by nature are spatially explicit. Thus, remote sensing can be useful for quantitative
assessment of ecosystem services. This paper reviews spatially explicit ecosystem service studies conducted in ecology and
remote sensing in order to find out how remote sensing can be used for ecosystem service assessment. Several important areas
considered include land cover, biodiversity, and carbon, water and soil related ecosystem services. We found that remote sensing
can be used for ecosystem service assessment in three different ways: direct monitoring, indirect monitoring, and combined
use with ecosystem models. Some plant and water related ecosystem services can be directly monitored by remote sensing. Most
commonly, remote sensing can provide surrogate information on plant and soil characteristics in an ecosystem. For ecosystem
process related ecosystem services, remote sensing can help measure spatially explicit parameters. We conclude that acquiring
good in-situ measurements and selecting appropriate remote sensor data in terms of resolution are critical for accurate assessment
of ecosystem services. 相似文献
8.
1INTRODUCTIONEcosystem services can be divided into two major cat-egories, one is system function, and the other is sys-tem services and goods provision, which provide not only materials such as food and medicine, but also support and maintenance of whole system. Ecological services contribute to the whole economic system, both directly and indirectly, and consequently repre-sent parts of the total value of our economy system (COSTANZA etal., 1997; GUO etal., 2001). Sustainable d… 相似文献
9.
ESTIMATION OF ECOLOGICAL SERVICE VALUES OF WETLANDS IN SHANGHAI, CHINA 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
LIBo ZHONGYang NAKAGOSHINobukazu CHENJia-kuan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(2):151-156
1IN TR O D U CTIO N Wetlandsprovidemany importantservicesto human societ,y butareatthesame timeecologicallsyensitiv andadaptivesystems.Thisexplainswhy inrecentyears much attentiohnasbeenpaidto theformulatioanndop- erationof sustainablmeanagement strategie… 相似文献
10.
《山地科学学报》2020,17(7):1670-1683
After habitat loss, drastic effects of biological invasion caused by alien invasive species to the native biodiversity have been acknowledged worldwide by the agriculturists, ecologists, and governments as it is more overwhelming than pollution, harvest and disease combined. One such example of biological invasion is P. hysterophorus which is considered to be one of the topmost noxious weeds threatening ecosystems diversity in the world, particularly in Pakistan due to its invasive success and generalist nature. Yet no studies have explored the pattern and determinants of plant biodiversity in the Parthenium dominated landscapes. Here we explored the current distribution pattern of this species with relation to environmental variables in the Malakand division of northern Pakistan. Twenty-three sites dominated by P. hysterophorus were identified through a participatory mapping process combined with traditional ecological knowledge and quantitative inventories were made. In total, we found 62 plant species in 55 genera and 32 families, predominately from Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Solanaceae. Ward's agglomerative clustering procedure showed three well-differentiated, and ecologically meaningful but overlapping vegetation communities. P.hysterophorus was found to be the leading species with an average Importance value ranging from 33.28% to 65.59%. Based on our criteria, surprisingly we found significantly less to be fully(30%) or partially invaded(21%) than the less invaded(47%) plots, indicating the gradual invasive success of the species across the landscape. Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA-ordination) has explained 36.9% of the cumulative variance by the first three axes and identified elevation(r=-0.526), slope(r = 0.438) and percent sand(r=-0.474) to be the major environmental factors affecting the distribution of P. hysterophorus and associated vegetation. These results suggested that elevation and percent sand negatively affect Parthenium distribution whereas slope has a positive relationship thereby promoting its populations in the region. The generalist nature of this invasive species is likely to have an overall adverse negative effect on the ecosystem functioning and cannot be ignored. Therefore, quick actions should be taken for the management of this noxious weed to avoid economic consequences and potential threats to fragile ecosystems such as that in Malakand division. 相似文献
11.
本文回顾了自然和自然贡献情景模型发展的背景、历史和内容,概括总结了自然和自然贡献情景模型的发展进程以及联合国生物多样性与生态系统服务政府间科学—政策平台(IPBES)情景模型的概念框架,讨论了自然和自然贡献情景模型存在的问题和发展方向。为了在全球层面解决现有综合集成模型存在的问题,根据地球表层建模基本定理和生态环境曲面建模基本定理,提出了具有中国原创特点的自然与自然贡献情景模型概念框架。 相似文献
12.
《中国地理科学(英文版)》2021,(3)
Understanding regional environmental heterogeneity(EH) and biodiversity relationships(heterogeneity-diversity relationships: HDRs) is the first step toward coupling environmental variables with biodiversity surrogates into regional systematic conservation planning. However, there is no universal method for determining regional HDRs that considers various environmental variables and biodiversity in different regions. This study selected 32 nature reserves as natural areas in Yunnan, China, to examine regional HDRs in Yunnan. We calculated 17 EH parameters(of soil, topography, and climate) and three(ecosystem, plant, and animal) biodiversity indices in the nature reserves. By examining the explanatory power of each EH parameter and area of the nature reserve, we identified the primary parameters and constructed an optimal model for each biodiversity index. The explanatory powers of these parameters varied for each biodiversity index, and those of climatic parameters were generally higher than soil and topographic heterogeneity ones. Heterogeneity of the temperature annual range, followed by area and heterogeneity of soil type, were important parameters for ecosystem diversity of Yunnan and the optimal model explained 56.9%. Plant diversity was explained 54.5% by its optimal model, consisting of heterogeneity of precipitation of the coldest quarter and annual precipitation. Heterogeneity of temperature annual range was important for animal diversity in Yunnan and explained 29.6% of its optimal model. This study suggests that EH parameters can be an effective surrogate for biodiversity, therefore, we suggested that the significance and role of climatically heterogeneous regions for the conservation of biodiversity in Yunnan should be further studied in the future. 相似文献
13.
徐新辉 《广东海洋大学学报》2008,28(5)
实现人和自然和谐相处、共生同荣的美好理想,是弗罗斯特诗歌中重要的母题之一。从生态批评的角度,对弗罗斯特名诗《一堆木柴》进行细致分析,揭示了这堆木柴是一个生生不息、循环往复的生态体系,既是生态失衡、断裂的象征,又是生态再生、和谐的缩影。 相似文献
14.
Microbial communities play key roles in the marine ecosystem. Despite a few studies on marine microbial communities in deep straits, ecological associations among microbial communities in the sediments of shallow straits have not been fully investigated. The Bohai Strait in northern China(average depth less than 20 m) separates the Bohai Sea from the Yellow Sea and has organic-rich sediments. In this study, in the summer of 2014, six stations across the strait were selected to explore the taxonomic composition of microbial communities and their ecological associations. The four most abundant classes were Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacilli and Flavobacteriia. Temperature, total carbon, depth, nitrate, fishery breeding and cold water masses influenced the microbial communities, as suggested by representational dif ference and composition analyses. Network analysis of microbial associations revealed that key families included Flavobacteriaceae, Pirellulaceae and Piscirickettsiaceae. Our findings suggest that the families with high phylogenetic diversity are key populations in the microbial association network that ensure the stability of microbial ecosystems. Our study contributes to a better understanding of microbial ecology in complex hydrological environments. 相似文献
15.
COUPLED PHYSICAL-ECOLOGICAL MODELLING IN THE CENTRAL PART OF JIAOZHOU BAY Ⅱ.COUPLED WITH AN ECOLOGICAL MODEL 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Sharpies‘ 1-D physical rrozlel maploying tide-wind driven turbulence closure and surface heating-cooling physics, was coupled with an eculogical rnodet with 9-biochemical components: phytoplankton, zooplankton, shellfish, autotmphic and heterotrophic bacterioplankton, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), suspended detritus and sinking particles to simulate the armual evolution of ecosystem in thecentral part of Jiaozhou Bay. The coupled modeling results showed that the phytoplankton shading effectcould reduce seawater temperamre by 2℃, so that photosynthesis efficiency should be less than 8% ; that the loss of phytoplankton by zooplankton grazing in winter tended to be compensated by phytoplankton advection and diffusion from the otrtside of the Bay; that the incidem irradiance intensity could be the mostimportant factor for phytoplankton grcr, wth rate; and that it was the bacterial secondary prnduction that maintained the maximum zooplankton biomass in winter usually observed in the 1990s, indicating that themicrobial food loop was extremely important for ecosystem study of Jiaozhou Bay. 相似文献
16.
Assessing benthic ecological status in coastal area near Changjiang River estuary using AMBI and M-AMBI 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The Changjiang （Yangtze） River estuary has been subject to a variety of anthropogenic pressures in recent decades. To assess the ecological health of the coastal benthic ecosystem adjacent to the estuary, three surveys were conducted in 2005, 2009, and 2010. The AZTI＇s Marine Biotic Index （AMBI） and multivariate-AMBI （M-AMBI） were used to analyse the benthic ecological status of this coast. The AMBI indicate that the ecological status of the coast adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary was only slightly degraded in all 3 years. In contrast, the M-AMBI indicated that the ecological status was seriously degraded, a result that is most likely due to pollution and eutrophication induced by human activities. The assessment of the coast＇s ecological status by the AMBI was not in agreement with that of the M-AMBI at some stations because of lower biodiversity values at those sites. The analysis of the two indices integrated with abiotic parameters showed that the M-AMBI could be used as a suitable bio-indicator index to assess the benthic ecological status of the coast adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary. The reference conditions proposed for the coast of the Changjiang River estuary should be further evaluated in future studies. Designation of local species could also provide an important reference for Chinese waters. To improve the reliability of AMBI and M-AMBI, further research into the ecology of local species is required to understand their arrangement in ecological groups. 相似文献
17.
In this paper, we assessed the ecological and biodiversity status in the Bohai Sea through a quantitative survey on mac-rofaunal community at 25 stations in Laizhou Bay and adjacent waters in the autumn of 2006.We tested the robustness and effectiveness of taxonomic distinctness as an ecological indictor by analyzing its correlation with species richness and natural environmental variables and by analyzing other ecological indicators (Shannon-Wiener H' and W statistics from Abundance Biomass Comparison curve).Results so obtained indicated that the benthic environment of the study waters in general is not under major impact of anthropogenic disturbance, but some stations in Laizhou Bay and along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula and even in the central Bohai Sea might be moderately disturbed and showed signs of ecological degradation.The taxonomic distinctness measures △+ and Λ+ were independent of sampling effort and natural environment factors and were compliant to other ecological indicators.Further application of the taxonomic distinctness indicator to assess marine biodiversity and ecosystem health on a larger regional scale with historical data seems promising. 相似文献
18.
Paradigm and ecological implication of changing agricultural land-use: A case study from Govind Wildlife Sanctuary, Central Himalaya, India 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The paper scrutinizes that the changes in any sub-system(i.e.agriculture,livestock and forest) have direct impact on biophysical and social processes in village ecosystem of the central Himalayan region.In view of this,we studied the changes in spatial patterns of agricultural land use and dependency of agroecosystem on forest and animal husbandry over a period of two decades.Based on data analysis it was found that the cultivation of some traditional crops has either been abandoned in the area or declined by 25%-85% due to introduction of cash crops viz.,potato,kidney bean and apple farming with acreage increased up to 51%-72% in the last three decades.Livestock population of different categories has declined drastically by 17%-75%,and has resulted shortage of farmyard manure,deterioration of soil quality and fertility which leads to un-sustainability of agriculture system.The changes in agrobiodiversity have led to the dramatic increase in soil loss and runoff from the croplands together with the increase pressure on forests.The economic evaluation of each crop showed higher monetary benefit from cash crops as compared to traditional crops.Among all the evaluated crops,the monetary output/input ratio was found highest(3.04) for kidney bean and lowest(1.26) for paddy.Changes in land use and management have improved household income but at the cost of forest degradation,less productive animal husbandry and loss of agrodiversity in the region.Therefore,there is an urgent need to bring desirable changes in agricultural policy,research,land use and efficient management of the resources for maintaining sustainability in agro and Himalayan forest ecosystem. 相似文献
19.
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION AND BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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20.
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