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1.
【目的】研究处理温度对锦绣龙虾(Panulirus ornatus)、波纹龙虾(P. homarus)和杂色龙虾(P. versicolor)长途运输存活的影响。【方法】采用冰块梯度降温的方法,将从斯里兰卡收购的锦绣龙虾、波纹龙虾和杂色龙虾依不同规格(0.1～0.2、0.2～0.5、0.5 kg以上)分别按5℃/h降温至25、20、18、15、12℃,并进行长途运输。【结果】1)12℃处理组的龙虾存活率最高,达95.42%,显著高于其他温度处理组(P 0.05);2)经12～25℃温度处理后,锦绣龙虾的存活率总体上高于其他龙虾,更有利于长途保活运输;3)随着龙虾规格增大,存活率呈增加趋势(P 0.05);4)处理温度对龙虾长途运输存活率影响有统计学意义(P 0.001);龙虾种类对运输存活率影响有统计学意义(P 0.05),而规格对龙虾运输存活率影响无统计学意义(P 0.05);温度×种类、温度×规格和种类×规格的一级互作以及温度×种类×规格的二级互作对龙虾存活率影响均无统计学意义(P 0.05);5)暂养可提高龙虾长途运输的存活率,暂养时间宜在18 h以上。  相似文献   

2.
龙虾隶属于节肢动物门，甲壳纲，十足目，龙虾科，龙虾属。已知全球共有19个种类，我国沿海有中国龙虾（P．stimpsoni）、锦绣龙虾（P．ornatus）、波纹龙虾（P．homarus）、密毛龙虾（P．peni—cillatus）、日本龙虾（P．japonicus）、  相似文献   

3.
【目的】研究波纹龙虾(Panulirus homarus)蜕壳周期内呼吸排泄、血淋巴生化指标和免疫酶活力的变化。【方法】选取蜕壳后期(A期和B期)、蜕壳间期(C期)和蜕壳前期(D_0,D_1,D_2,D_3期)的波纹龙虾测定耗氧率和排氨率,并测定血淋巴中的离子含量、总蛋白含量和血细胞数量及免疫酶活力。【结果】波纹龙虾的耗氧率和排氨率从蜕壳后期到蜕壳间期均显著降低。耗氧率在D_0期显著上升,而排氨率在蜕壳前期逐渐减少,在D_3期达到最低水平。血清Ca~(2+)含量在D_1期最高,并显著高于A期(P 0.05)。K~+含量在D_1期则最低,在蜕壳周期中整体变化不显著(P 0.05)。Mg~(2+)和无机磷(Phos)含量在蜕壳周期中也无显著变化(P 0.05)。血淋巴总蛋白含量在蜕壳后大幅减少,至蜕壳间期又显著提升(P 0.05),但与蜕壳前期相比差异不显著(P 0.05)。血细胞数量在D_2期最高,而B期最低,分别为4.22×10~7和2.40×10~7 mL~(-1)。酚氧化酶活力在蜕壳周期中呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,而一氧化氮合酶活力在A期最低,在其他时期之间未发现显著性差异(P0.05)。【结论】波纹龙虾的呼吸排泄、血淋巴生化指标和免疫酶活力与蜕壳周期密切相关。  相似文献   

4.
【目的】研究波纹龙虾(Panulirus homarus)胚胎对生态因子的耐受能力,为龙虾繁殖提供数据。【方法】采用封闭静水实验方法和常规生物急性毒性实验法。在温度(30±0.5)℃,盐度30,pH(8.10±0.1)和溶解氧(DO)为(5.0±0.5)mg/L条件下,分别进行温度、盐度、pH的骤变和渐变对波纹龙虾胚胎存活影响研究;根据急性毒性预实验结果设置等对数间距浓度值,进行氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对波纹龙虾胚胎的急性毒性实验。【结果与结论】波纹龙虾胚胎发育的温度、盐度和pH耐受范围分别为7~36℃、15~45和5.8~9.4;波纹龙虾胚胎适宜温度为15~30℃,适宜盐度为30~35,适宜pH为7.0~8.5;氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮毒性效应与浓度和暴露时间呈正相关。氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮暴露24~96 h,波纹龙虾胚胎存活率组间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。氨氮对波纹龙虾胚胎24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别是180.46、61.11、41.87、26.58 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为2.66 mg/L;亚硝酸盐氮对波纹龙虾胚胎24、48、72和96 h的LC50分别是839.50、423.75、214.48、135.41 mg/L,SC为13.54 mg/L。  相似文献   

5.
利用室内实验生态学方法研究不同盐度和体质量对波纹龙虾的呼吸和排泄的影响.结果表明:不同盐度和体质量对波纹龙虾耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响(p <0.05).盐度为18~34时,波纹龙虾的耗氧率和排氨率先下降再升高,盐度26和30时较小,耗氧率分别为0.1305±0.0105 mg/(g·h)和0.1314±0.0052 mg/(g·h),排氨率分别为0.1733±0.0039 mg/(g·h)和0.1724±0.0044 mg/(g·h).波纹龙虾耗氧量(MO)和排氨量(MN)与体质量(m)呈正相关,而耗氧率(RO)和排氨率(RN)与体质量呈负相关,其关系式可表示为:MO =1.4921 m 0.4190和MN=1.1295 m 0.6988;RO=2.9333 m -0.7343和RN=1.1291 m -0.3011.  相似文献   

6.
采用静水方法研究甲醛、高锰酸钾和消毒粉(主要成分三氯异氰脲酸,TCCA)对锦绣龙虾胚胎的急性毒性效应。结果表明:甲醛对锦绣龙虾胚胎24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别是14.86、11.20、10.87、9.80 m L/m~3,安全浓度是0.98 m L/m~3。高锰酸钾对锦绣龙虾胚胎24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别是1.88、1.52、1.26、1.06 mg/L,安全浓度为0.11 mg/L。消毒粉对锦绣龙虾胚胎24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别为19.91、16.76、16.38、16.38 mg/L,安全浓度为1.64 mg/L。  相似文献   

7.
一、前言龙虾人工孵化育苗是国家水产总局一九七八年底全国海水鱼虾养殖会议中定给我们的科研项目。自一九八○年七月初捕回龙虾亲虾,进行紧张的龙虾人工孵化和育苗试验工作。七月二十二日受第七号台风袭击,打塌海水抽水泵房,被迫停止试验。龙虾是虾中之王,个体大,味道好,营养价值高,国内外供不应求。活龙虾在香港市场每公斤60—150元港币,是水产出口商品中创外汇较高的产品。目前我国龙虾生产只靠捕捞,滥捕现象较为严重,对资源破坏很大。为了国家长远利益增殖资源起见,现在就着手开展龙  相似文献   

8.
波纹龙虾胚胎的离体培养及发育观察   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
对波纹龙虾不同发育时期的胚胎进行离体培养和显微观察。结果表明,初始培育的离体胚胎愈接近孵化期,其孵化率愈高(最高达80.0%);波纹龙虾胚胎发育经历受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、中眼色素形成期、复眼色素形成期、心跳期、破膜前期和出膜期;胚胎在发育过程中颜色变化:橙红→深橙红→砖红→灰白→接近透明。  相似文献   

9.
龙虾人工孵化育苗是国家水产总局一九七八年底全国海水鱼虾养殖会议中定给我们的科研项目。自一九八○年七月初捕回龙虾亲虾，进行紧张的龙虾人工孵化和育苗试验工作。七月二十二日受第七号台风袭击，打塌海水抽水泵房，被迫停止试验。  相似文献   

10.
Morphotaxonomy and seasonal abundance of dinoflagellates of the genera Prorocentrum and Mesoporos(Prorocentrales) were studied from nutrient-rich waters,Karachi Harbor and the mouth of the Manora Channel,Pakistan during May 2002-July 2003.Using both light and scanning electron microscopy,13 species of Prorocentrales were identified according to cell shape,size,ornamentation of thecal plates,and architecture of apical platelets,apical pore area,marginal pores,and intercalary bands.P.sigmoides,P.arcuatum,P.scutellum,P.donghaiense,P.balticum,P.minimum,P.emarginatum,P.lima,P.faustiae,and Mesoporos perforatus constitute new records for sindh coast of Pakistan.The most abundant species were P.minimum/P.balticum(4.5×103 cells/L),P.micans(1.1×103 cells/L),P.gracile/P.sigmoides(2.5×102 cells/L) and P.donghaiense(6.6×103 cells/L) at temperatures of 29-31℃ and salinities of 35-40.Maximum abundance was observed in winter and lower abundance in summer.There was no significant change in the distribution of species between stations except for the benthic species which occurred close to Karachi Harbor waters.Significant positive correlations were observed between Prorocentrum spp.and temperature(R 2 =0.27) and negative correlations with salinity(R 2 =-0.32) except for P.minimum and P.emarginatum which has negative correlation with temperature(R 2 =-0.24) and positive with salinity(R 2 =0.08,0.19).The finding of potential okadaic-acid producing species of benthic Prorocentrum call for monitoring for possible human health problems in this region.  相似文献   

11.
The effects of different phosphorus(P) concentrations(0.36, 3.6, and 36 μmol/L corresponding to low-, middle-, and high-P concentration groups, respectively) and nitrogen(N)/P ratios on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of S keletonema costatum and Prorocentrum donghaiense were studied. For both species, the high-P(HP) concentration group showed the greatest algal density and highest specifi c growth rate. Changes in the maximum effi ciency of photosystem Ⅱ(F _v/F_m) were monitored under the various P and N/P conditions. The largest decrease in F _v/F_m was in the low-P(LP) group in S. costatum and in the HP group in P. donghaiense. There were high rapid light curves and photochemical quantum yields(Φ _(PSⅡ)) for S. costatum in the HP group, while the actual photosynthetic capacity was higher in P. donghaiense than in S. costatum in the MP group. Under eutrophic but relatively P-restricted conditions, P. donghaiense had higher photosynthetic activity and potential, which could cause this dinofl agellate to increasingly dominate the phytoplankton community in these conditions. Under the same P concentration and N/P ratio, P. donghaiense had a larger relative maximum rate of electron transport and higher Φ _(PSⅡ) values than those of S. costatum. These differences between P. donghaiense and S. costatum may explain the interaction and succession patterns of these two species in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary from a photosynthesis perspective.  相似文献   

12.
Interactions between Skeletonema costatum (S. costatum) and Prorocentrum donghaiense (P. donghaiiense) were inves-tigated using bi-algal cultures at different concentrations of phosphate (PO4-P) and nitrate/phosphate (N/P) ratios. Experiments were conducted under P-limited conditions and the Lotka-Volterra mathematical model was used to simulate the growth of S. costatum and P. donghaiense in the bi-algal cultures. Both of these two species were inhibited significantly in bi-algal culture. The results of the simulation showed that the inhibitory degree of S. costaum by P. donghaiense was high when the concentration of PO4-P was low (0.1μmolL-1/2 d), but that of P. donghaiense by S. costaum was high with increased PO4-P supply (0.6μmolL-1/2 d). At low concen-tration of PO4-P (0.1μmolL-1/2 d), or high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d) with high N/P ratio (160), the interactions be-tween S. costatum and P. donghaiense were dependent on the initial cell densities of both species. At high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d) with low N/P ratio (25 or 80), S. costatum exhibited a survival strategy superior to that of P. donghaiense. The de-gree of inhibition of P. donghaiense by S. costaum increased with elevated N/P ratio when the medium was supplemented with con-centration 0.1μmolL-1/2 d of PO4-P. The degree of inhibition to P. donghaiense by S. costaum increased with elevated N/P ratio at low concentration of PO4-P (0.1 μmolL-1/2 d). This trend was conversed at high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d). However, the degree of inhibition of S. costaum by P. donghaiense increased with the increased N/P ratio at different PO4-P concentrations (0.1μmolL-1/2 d and 0.6μmolL-1/2 d). These results suggested that both phosphate concentration and N/P ratio affected the competition between S. costaum and P. donghaiense: P. donghaiense is more competitive in environments with low phosphate or high N/P ratio and the influence of N/P ratio on the competition was more significant with lower phosphate concentration.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of benzo[a]pyrene(Ba P) on the detoxification and antioxidant systems of two microalgae,Isochrysis zhanjiangensis and Platymonas subcordiformis.In our study,these two algae were exposed to Ba P for 4 days at three different concentrations including 0.5 μg~(L-1)(low),3 μg~(L-1)(mid) and 18 μg~(L-1)(high).The activity of detoxification enzymes,ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase(EROD) and glutathione S-transferase(GST) increased in P.subcordiformis in all Ba P-treated groups.In I.zhanjiangensis,the activity of these two enzymes increased at the beginning of exposure,and then decreased in the groups treated with mid-and high Ba P.The activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase(SOD) increased in I.zhanjiangensis in all Ba P-treated groups,and then decreased in high Ba P-treated group,while no significant change was observed in P.subcordiformis.The activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase(CAT) increased in I.zhanjiangensis and P.subcordiformis in all Ba Ptreated groups.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in Isochrysis zhanjiangensis increased first,and then decreased in high Ba P-treated group,while no change occurred in P.subcordiformis.These results demonstrated that Ba P significantly influenced the activity of detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes in microalgae.The metabolic related enzymes(EROD,GST and CAT) may serve as sensitive biomarkers of measuring the contamination level of Ba P in marine water.  相似文献   

15.
The nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) budget and the ecological efficiency of a polyculture system of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus), jellyfish(Rhopilema esculenta) and shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) were studied in a cofferdam, 120.2 ha in size. The nutrients were supplied by spring tide inflow. In total, 139600 kg N yr-1 and 9730 kg P yr-1 input to the system; while 118900 kg N yr-1 and 2840 kg P yr-1 outflowed from the system concurrently, thus the outflow was 85.7%(N) and 29.2%(P) of inflow. The production of N and P was 889.5 kg yr-1 and 49.28 kg yr-1(sea cucumber) and 204 kg yr-1 and 18.03 kg yr-1(jellyfish and shrimp), respectively. The utilization rate of N and P by polycultured animals was 7.8‰ and 6.9‰, respectively, 21.9% and 38% higher than that of monocultured sea cucumber. Our results indicated that the polyculture system was an efficient culture system of animals and a remediation system of coastal environment as well; it scavenged 14.3% and 70.8% of N and P, respectively. Such an ecological efficiency may be improved further by increasing either the stocking density or the size of sea cucumber or both.  相似文献   

16.
To improve the burial flux calculations of bioavailable phosphorus(P) and study opal-associated P(Opal-P) in the East China Sea(ECS), surface and core sediments were collected in the Changjiang Estuary(CE) and the south of the Cheju Island. In this study, sedimentary P was operationally divided into seven different forms using modified sedimentary extraction(SEDEX) technique: LSor-P(exchangeable or loosely sorbed P), Fe-P(easily reducible or reactive ferric Fe-bound P), CFA-P(authigenic carbonate fluorapatite and biogenic apatite and CaCO_3-bound P), Detr-P(detrital apatite), Org-P(organic P), Opal-P and Ref-P(refractory P). The data revealed that the concentrations of the seven different P forms rank as Detr-P CFA-P Org-P Ref-P Opal-P Fe-P LSor-P in surface sediments and CFA-P Detr-P Org-P Ref-P Fe-P Opal-P LSor-P in core sediments. The distributions of the total phosphorus(TP), TIP, CFA-P, Detr-P are similar and decrease from the CE to the south of the Cheju Island. Meanwhile, Org-P and Opal-P exhibit different distribution trends; this may be affected by the grain size and TOM. The concentrations of potentially bioavailable P are 9.6-13.0 μmol g~(-1) and 10.0-13.6 μmol g~(-1), representing 61%-70% and 41%-64% of the TP in surface and core sediments, respectively. The concentrations of Opal-P are 0.6-2.3 μmol g~(-1) and 0.6-1.4 μmol g~(-1) in surface and core sediments, accounting for 5.3%-19.8% and 4.2%-10.6% of bioavailable P, respectively. The total burial fluxes of Opal-P and bioavailable P are 1.4×10~9 mol yr~(-1) and 1.1×10~10 mol yr~(-1) in the ECS, respectively. Opal-P represents about 12.7% of potentially bioavailable P, which should be recognized when studying P cycling in marine ecosystems.  相似文献   

17.
Prorocentrum minimum is a bloom-forming, planktonic mixotrophic dinoflagellate, and can cause stress in shrimp ponds. In this study, healthy Exopalaemon carinicauda were exposed to 5 × 104 cells mL-1 P. minimum for 72 hours to investigate the adverse effect of P. minimum on shrimps. Elevated superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content, reduced total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) and catalase(CAT) activity, and regulatory glutathione peroxidase(GPX) activity were found in the hemolymph of E. carinicauda after exposure to P. minimum. In this study, P. minimum exposure induced oxidative stress and caused significant oxidative damage to E. carinicauda. P. minimum exposure increased the expression of HSP70 gene in the hemocyte, gills and hepatopancreas. Compared with the enhanced level of caspase-3 gene mR NA in the hemocyte and gills, the up-regulation of caspase-3 gene in the hepatopancreas was only observed from 3 to 6 h, and then the mRNA level of glutathione-S-transferase(GST) gene increased. These results indicated that GST might be involved in the shrimp hepatopancreas' defense against P. minimum exposure. The present study demonstrates that exposure to P. minimum could induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in E. carinicauda. The SOD activity, HSP70 and GST(in the hepatopancreas) were evoked to protect cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study will provide new insights into the toxic mechanism of P. minimum on shrimps.  相似文献   

18.
以甲氧基聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯(MPEGA)和甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)为均聚单体,通过乳液聚合制备一类新型疏水缔合型聚合物P(MPEGA-DMAEMA),采用FT-IR和1HNMR表征新型聚合物的化学结构;利用主剂P(MPEGA-DMAEMA)和交联剂醋酸铬形成凝胶体系,考察主剂P(MPEGA-DMAEMA)和交联剂醋酸铬的质量分数、pH值、温度、矿化度对新型聚合物凝胶体系成胶性能的影响.结果表明:当主剂P(MPEGA-DMAEMA)质量分数为1.2%、交联剂醋酸铬质量分数为0.2%、pH值为7、温度为45e时,该新型聚合物凝胶体系具有最佳的成胶强度.将新型聚合物凝胶体系应用于岩心封堵,在最佳成胶条件下,堵水率高于90%,堵油率低于40%,具有较好的选择封堵性.  相似文献   

19.
Investigation of phosphorus (P) sorption-desorption characteristics of drainage ditch sediments is important for better understanding on sediment P transport behaviors in ditches. Surface ditch sediment samples were collected from headwater sub-catchment of forestland, sloping cropland, paddy field, and residential area in a representative catchment in the central Sichuan Basin. These sediment samples were used for determination of P sorption-desorption characteristics by a batch equilibrium technique. Results showed that the maximum P sorption capacities (Qm) in the sediments ranged from 159.7 to 263.7 mg/kg, while higher Qm were observed in the ditch sediments from the paddy fields. The Qm was significantly and positively correlated with oxalate-extractable Fe and Al oxides (r=0.97 and 0.98, p < 0.01), clay fraction (r = 0.78, p < 0.05) and organic matter (r = 0.95, p < 0.01). Sediment pH, clay and organic matter influenced the P sorption through amorphous Fe and Al oxides. CaCO3 content was negatively correlated with the Qm (r = -0.83, p < 0.05), implying that saturated CaCO3 (> 50 g/kg) would not increase P sorption capacity in the ditch sediments. The ditch sediments featured a linear desorption curve, suggesting that P release risk would be enhanced with the increase of the P adsorption. The P desorption rate was positively correlated with Olsen P (r = 0.94, p < 0.01), but negatively related to the fine particle-size fractions (r = -0.92, p < 0.01), the sum of the amorphous Fe and Al oxides (r = -0.67, p < 0.05) and the P sorption capacity (r = -0.59, p < 0.05). The ditch sediments from residential area had a higher P release risk than that from the other ditches of forestland, sloping cropland and paddy field. The P sorption index (PSI) derived from single-point measurement was significantly correlated with the P sorption capacity (r = 0.99, p < 0.01), and could be used for estimating Qm as 1.64 times PSI plus 24.0 (Qm = 1.64 PSI + 24.0) for similar sediments with highly calcareous soils and sediments. Ditch cleaning and sediment removal for the ditch in residential area were recommended in this area to reduce the P release risk.  相似文献   

20.
Precipitation is a potential factor that significantly affects plant nutrient pools by influencing biomass sizes and nutrient concentrations. However, few studies have explicitly dissected carbon(C), nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) pools between above- and belowground biomass at the community level along a precipitation gradient. We conducted a transect(approx. 1300 km long) study of Stipa purpurea community in alpine steppe on the Tibet Plateau of China to test the variation of N pool of aboveground biomass/N pool of belowground biomass(AB/BB N) and P pool of aboveground biomass/P pool of belowground biomass(AB/BB P) along a precipitation gradient. The proportion of aboveground biomass decreased significantly from mesic to drier sites. Along the belt transect, the plant N concentration was relatively stable; thus, AB/BB N increased with moisture due to the major influences by above- and belowground biomass allocation. However, P concentration of aboveground biomass decreased significantly with increasing precipitation and AB/BB P did not vary with aridity because of the offset effect of the P concentration and biomass allocation. Precipitation gradients do decouple the N and P pool of a S. purpurea community along a precipitation gradient in alpine steppe. The decreasing of N:P in aboveground biomass in drier regions may indicate much stronger N limitation in more arid area.  相似文献   

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