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将阵列天线放置于射电望远镜焦平面处,结合波束合成网络,可以同时观测一片天区,实现更大的视场覆盖。由于需要对各个阵元的幅度和相位进行调控,阵列天线实际就是一个小型相控阵,因此在做阵列设计时,除了需要结合反射面焦面场分布及望远镜拟实现的视场以外,阵列自身的性能验证可以参照传统相控阵进行。设计并加工了工作在1.27 GHz的2×2矩形排布的微带贴片天线阵列,阵元间距为0.7倍波长。经实测,各端口S11均在-10 dB以下,4阵元合成后波束增益为12.54 dBi,通过为对应阵元添加理论偏移30°的延时线,实测阵列的波束扫描角度为28.3°。上述实测数据与仿真结果相比虽略有差异,这和阵列加工及馈电端口焊接有关,但相关工作为之后更多阵元的阵列天线设计、研制及测试积累了经验,尤其对性能验证具有较高的指导意义。 相似文献
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介绍了低频射电干涉阵的发展情况、研究领域,讨论了国际上的LOFAR、LWA和MWA等低频射电项目.借鉴当今的低频射电项目,结合云南的地理和太阳射电优势,设想在云南省内构建一个太阳低频射电干涉阵,观测频率在30 MHz～250 MHz范围内,文中仿真了太阳低频射电干涉阵(4台站),比较和分析了通过优化算法得到的阵列的UV覆盖、脏束(Dirty beam);讨论了低频射电干涉阵的观测模式、射电干扰、低频射电成像等问题;分析低频射电阵在观测太阳爆发性活动产生的日冕物质抛射(Coronal Mass Ejections,CME)、耀斑、射电爆发的可能性;通过上述的仿真和分析构建太阳低频射电干涉阵面临的问题,可以为今后建立阵列提供依据. 相似文献
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不久前的一天,我非常有幸参观了位于海拔5000米智利南托（Chajnator）高原上的ALMA“射高望远镜阵列天文观测站”。ALMA是阿塔卡玛大型毫米/亚毫米阵（The Atacama Lange Millimerter/submillimeter Array）的缩写。由题图我们可以看到该阵列的现状,这是ALMA全部阵列的一半,预计在2013年可以完成合并,最终成为共66个天线的阵列。我不由地想到这些独立的天线可以共同作用而组成一人望远镜会是多么的壮观,这是世界最大的天文工程！回到海拔3000米的“运行支持设施中心”,我在周围散步时看到了正在组装调试的天线,并且近距离的观察了一过程。更多的图片将附加在报导的最后。 相似文献
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射电望远镜一般要在宽频段内进行连续观测, 但传统相控阵天线设计方法难以兼顾宽频带和大角度扫描特性. 紧耦合天线的设计方法为宽带大角度扫描天线提供了新的设计思路, 基于此设计了一款宽带双极化 Vivaldi相控阵馈源. 首先结合Wheeler提出的连续电流片概念及等效电路对紧耦合原理进行理论分析, 然后针对Vivaldi天线分析了阵元间的强耦合能够有效拓展天线的工作带宽. 在此基础上设计了一款宽带Vivaldi相控阵馈源. 馈源阵列由8×9 Vivaldi天线阵元组成, 该阵列的工作带宽为2-8GHz, 并且能够在E面和H面均实现±$45^\circ$的扫描特性. 最后对该馈源阵列进行了样机加工和测试, 测试结果与仿真结果具有较好的一致性. 相似文献
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一种扩大FAST视场的方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
所有的大口径射电望远镜都存在这样一个问题：在其分辨率和灵敏度提高的同时，视场变小．而且口径越大，视场越小．这成为大口径望远镜不可回避的矛盾．要解决这个矛盾，可以在望远镜的焦平面上放置Ⅳ个分立馈源．让它们同时工作，这样可以看作把视场扩大了Ⅳ倍．望远镜的工作效率提高Ⅳ倍．但是这样做的缺点是——视场不连续．且馈源数目Ⅳ受到望远镜焦比(F／D)的限制．采用致密焦面阵(dense focal plane array)就可以很好地解决这个问题．致密焦面阵的单元不是喇叭口天线，而是无方向性的Vivaldi天线(Vivaldi antenna)．要把Vivaldi阵列应用到望远镜上，需要对单个Vivaldi天线和Vivaldi阵列的电性能有清楚的认识，并能根据需要来设计照明方向图．还要知道大望远镜的焦面上电磁场的分布情况，借此判断能否应用Vivaldi阵列，以及给出Vivaldi单元的分路赋权网络．主要给出了FAST的焦面场的分布情况．并说明应用Vivaldi阵列的可能性． 相似文献
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射电天文在HF-VHF频段采用天线组阵的方式进行观测,根据平方公里阵列(Square Kilometre Array, SKA)的要求,每个阵列单元天线的增益、结构一致性、稳定性、阻抗变化趋势和极化纯度等方面需要达到较高指标,才能满足太阳、木星、再电离纪元等多种测量在极化测量、天线跟踪稳定性以及接收机宽带匹配等方面的需求。根据SKA requirement 2165:极化纯度2135-38和每极化方向灵敏度2814-15提出的性能需求,以及在总结原有设计的经验后,针对10～90 MHz频段,设计了一种适用于HF-VHF的新型倒“V”型栅板偶极子天线,具有重量轻、风阻小等优点,在10～90 MHz的超宽频段内阻抗变化缓慢、极化纯度良好。其中,在阻抗变化方面,天线的阻抗实部从0.8Ω到631.132Ω变化,优于低频射电阵列(Low Frequency Array, LOFAR)的天线,降低了接收机匹配难度和噪声;在极化纯度方面,天线整体轴比小于0.41 dB,对于太阳射电爆发等强极化信号具有良好的极化隔离度。 相似文献
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《天文学进展》2021,(3)
相控阵馈源是近年在射电天文领域新兴的一种阵列天线接收系统,在射电望远镜焦平面上以矩形、六边形等方式排布电小天线单元阵列。通过波束合成对各个阵元施加不同的激励,调控各个阵元的幅度与相位,使得各波束相互交叠、相位中心紧密相邻,从而能够对焦平面区域进行完全采样,实现连续的视场覆盖以提高巡天效率。从焦平面阵列出发,对比介绍了相控阵馈源及多波束技术;之后进一步详细描述了现今世界范围内相控阵馈源技术前沿研究,其中主要包括美国的NARO,荷兰的ASTRON,加拿大的DRAO和澳大利亚的CSIRO等研究机构在PAF研制方面的具体工作;之后介绍了国内在大科学装置及SKA等大科学工程推动下开展的相控阵馈源的技术预研及工程实践;最后针对现有相控阵馈源技术发展,提出了该项技术未来的研究难点及发展方向。 相似文献
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宇宙再电离时期(epoch of reionization, Eo R)的探测是SKA的重要科学目标之一,也是目前许多SKA探路者阵列的首要科学目标。由于宇宙再电离信号非常微弱,因此在数据处理的过程中存在许多难点,如高精度校准、大视场高动态成像等。对默奇森宽场阵列(Murchison Widefield Array, MWA)、低频阵列(Low Frequency Array, LOFAR)、21CMA阵列(21 Centimeter Array, 21CMA)等SKA低频先导干涉阵列的基本数据处理方法进行了综述,如干扰的识别与去除、数据校准、可视度研究以及成像研究等,并对数据处理时用到的一些常用技术与软件作了相应的介绍与总结。 相似文献
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Solar System Research - Finding and studying possible collisions of asteroids approaching the Earth requires a significant amount of computation. This paper describes the R0 program created to... 相似文献
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P. Maltby 《Solar physics》1972,26(1):76-82
Observations of the penumbral intensity of sunspots in 13 wavelength regions are presented. In 4 wavelength regions 54 sunspots are measured. In the other wavelength regions the number of sunspots considered ranges from 3–19.The penumbral intensity alters with position within the spot. This intensity variation is found to be comparable with the change in intensity from one spot to another. The penumbral intensity is found to be independent of spot size in the sample considered.The penumbra model of Kjeldseth Moe and Maltby (1969) with = 0.055 is supported by the measurements. 相似文献
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Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 1015–1016 G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars. 相似文献
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Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF31, were discovered, librating about the L5 Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ7, to be a Trojan, associated with the L4 Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND43) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW15 and 2000 TG2, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion. 相似文献
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In the text-books of astronomy, sections generally related to the Moon deal with the orbital elements of the Earth-Moon system such asa, e, i, ,
and the time of perigee passage. While the MEAN of the first of the three elements do not vary, mean longitude of the ascending node-mean longitude of the lunar perigee and the time of perigee passage undergoes secular as well as periodic changes due predominantly to the action of the Sun's gravitational attraction. While to a certain degree, explanations related to the calculation of the lunar orbit parameters are given, not a single graphical representation of these short- or long-periodic changes are presented. We allow the number of data related to these periodic changes must cover a large span of time; and if regression of the line of nodes or advances of the line of apses are to be graphically seen, data covering 18.61 and 8.85 yr, respectively, are needed. In this work we particularly aim at the graphical representation of the periodic changes of the line of nodes. 相似文献
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