共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
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天文斑点成象中的数据预处理 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
主要讨论了由云南天文台的斑点象探测系统引入斑点数据中的两种噪声：斑点图记录噪声和由大气视宁度差异引起的系统误差，叙述了用于克服噪声的预处理方法，噪声改正的实验结果表明，这些预处理对于实现天文目标的高分辨率象复原是有效的和必须的。 相似文献
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未来10年天体测量的发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首先回顾了依巴谷卫星的观测结果在天文学上的意义,同时指出其不足之处,极限星等仅为 １２ｍａｇ,自行精度不够高等,介绍了正在进行的各种地面上的暗星扩充计划,如ＴＡＣ、ＳＤＳＳ、ＵＣＡＣ－Ｓ,ＰＯＳＳ等,并对它们的预期计划和目前进展情况作了详细描述。叙述了未来１０年可能实施的几个空间天体测量计划,如欧洲空间的ＧＡＩＡ,美国喷气推进实室的ＳＩＭ,德国的ＤＩＶＡ,美国海军天文台的ＦＡＭＥ和俄罗普尔科沃天文 相似文献
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讨论了云南天文台１９９５年研制的斑点象探测系统存在几个问题,ＩＣＣＤ探测的一些性能参数不同,控制器不灵,数据的采集速度较慢等,然后报导了对ＩＣＣＤ光灵敏度和电子快门参数的测量,对ＩＣＣＤ控制器的改装和提高数据采集速度的方法以及改地后的探测系统进行观测的情况。 相似文献
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讨论了云南天文台１９９５年研制的斑点象探测系统存在的几个问题：ＩＣＣＤ探测的一些性能参数不明,控制器不灵,数据的采集速度较慢等,然后报导了对ＩＣＣＤ光灵敏度和电子快门参数的测量;对ＩＣＣＤ控制器的改装和提高数据采集速度的方法以及用改进后的探测系统进行观测的情况 相似文献
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给出了１９９７年４月１５日至１７日在北京天台用２．１６ｍ望远镜卡焦光谱仪观测获得的６颗激变变星（ＡＢ Ｂｏｏ,ＵＸ ＵＭａ,Ｔ ＣｒＢ,ＡＨ Ｈｅｒ,Ｚ Ｃａｍ和Ｖ４２６ Ｏｐｈ）及３颗相关天体（ＵＭａ３,ＥＧ ＵＭａ和Ｌｅｏ３）的ＣＣＤ光谱,并同时拍摄了５颗晚型星（３Ｄｒａ,ｖ Ｖｉｒ,ψＬｅｏ,３４Ｂｏｏ和３６Ｃｏｍ）的ＣＣＤ光谱,作为晚型星参考谱,测量了观测样本星的Ｈα和近红外ＣａⅡ的三重 相似文献
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用紫金山天台青海站的１３．７ｍ射电望远镜以２７个强ＩＲＡＳ远红外源（流量Ｆ１００μｍ≤５００Ｊｙ）进行了ＣＯ（１－０）的谱线预测。观测表明,２７个强ＩＩＲＡＳ源全部与分子云成协,产与大质量星的形成或早期演化有关。其中１３个源是第一次给出ＣＯ（１－０）的谱线测量结果,本对这一类源ＣＯ发射的性质进行了简单的讨论。 相似文献
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用紫金山天文台青海站的１３７ｍ射电望远镜对２７个强ＩＲＡＳ远红外源（流量Ｆ１００μｍ５００Ｊｙ）进行了ＣＯ（１－０）的谱线观测．观测表明,２７个强ＩＲＡＳ源全部与分子云成协,并与大质量星的形成或早期演化有关．其中１３个源是第一次给出ＣＯ（１－０）的谱线测量结果．本文对这一类源ＣＯ发射的性质进行了简单的讨论． 相似文献
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利用碳星星表（ＧＣＧＣＳ）、红外天文卫星（ＩＲＡＳ）点源表（ＰＳＣ）、哈勃望远镜（ＨＳＴ）导星星表（ＧＳＣ）及美国海军天文台星表（ＵＳＮＯ）对现今已知的２２个硅酸盐碳星重新进行了交叉证认,给出它们的确切位置,以利于今后进一步的观测研究,同时也指出其中存在值得怀疑的对象 相似文献
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Based on a simple picture of speckle phenomena in optical interferometry it is shown that the recent signal-to-noise ratio
estimate for the so called bispectrum, due to Wirnitzer (1985), does not possess the right limit when photon statistics is
unimportant. In this wave-limit, which is true for bright sources, his calculations over-estimate the signal-to-noise ratio
for the bispectrum by a factor of the order of the square root of the number of speckles. 相似文献
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A. F. Heavens 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,299(3):805-808
The bispectrum of the microwave background sky is a possible discriminator between inflationary and defect models of structure formation in the Universe. The bispectrum, which is the analogue of the temperature three-point correlation function in harmonic space, is zero for most inflationary models, but non-zero for non-Gaussian models. The expected departures from zero are small, and easily masked by noise, so it is important to be able to estimate the bispectrum coefficients as accurately as possible, and to know the errors and correlations between the estimates so that they may be used in combination as a diagnostic to rule out non-Gaussian models. This paper presents a method for estimating in an unbiased way the bispectrum from a microwave background map in the near-Gaussian limit. The method is optimal, in the sense that no other method can have smaller error bars, and, in addition, the covariances between the bispectrum estimates are calculated explicitly. The method deals automatically with partial sky coverage and arbitrary noise correlations without modification. A preliminary application to the Cosmic Background Explorer 4-yr data set shows no evidence for non-Gaussian behaviour. 相似文献
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In astronomical photometry, the sensitivity of observations is limited by the dark counts of the photomultiplier tube. In the present work, the effect of dark count noise in photon counting systems is investigated by theory and experimental measurements. Dark counts are considered to be originating from two sources, namely: dc fluctuations and random pulses.Experimental measurements were carried out to determine noise effects in different operating regions of noise dominance. The results provide strong evidence that: in normal operating mode, where the effect of random pulses is dominant, dark counts do not follow Poisson statistics. The observed noise shows strong (1/f) power spectrum, where the observed noise power is found to increase with time of observation.The results are important in photon counting systems operating under dark count limited mode. The conclusions drawn can be useful in obtaining more accurate error estimates and in assessing astronomical photometric observations and data reduction techniques. 相似文献
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M. Scardia R. W. Argyle J.‐L. Prieur L. Pansecchi S. Basso N. M. Law C. D. Mackay 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2007,328(2):146-153
We present a new orbit for the visual binary ADS 8630 = γ Vir. Although it is one of the first visual double stars discovered, its orbital elements were still poorly known. Indeed the very high eccentricity of the orbit and the difficulty of observing the pair at periastron passage in 1836 has meant that it is only now that sufficient measures of the recent close approach in 2005 have allowed an orbital analysis which predicts the angular motion to an acceptable degree of accuracy. We present a series of 35 speckle measurements of ADS 8630 obtained with PISCO in Merate between 2004 and 2006. Those measures have been crucial for determining the new orbital elements since they cover an arc of 130 degrees in the apparent orbit and include the periastron passage of 2005. The masses of the individual F0V components of the binary are found to be 1.40 M⊙ with an accuracy of about 3%. We also investigate in detail the possibility of the presence of a third body in the system, that was proposed by other authors. The high‐angular resolution infra‐red image of γ Vir that we obtained in June 2006 with the LuckyCam instrument on the ESO NTT shows the absence of any companion as faint as a M0V star at a distance larger than 0.4″. Combined with the analysis of the residuals of our orbit, the values found for the masses of the individual components and the radial velocity measurements, this observation rules out the presence in the system of a third companion with a mass larger than 0.3 M⊙. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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M. Scardia J.‐L. Prieur L. Pansecchi R.W. Argyle M. Sala 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2011,332(5):508-523
We present relative astrometric measurements of visual binaries, made in 2009 with the speckle camera PISCO at the 102 cm Zeiss telescope of Brera Astronomical Observatory, in Merate. Our observing list contains orbital couples as well as binaries whose motion is still uncertain. We obtained 345 new measurements of 259 objects, with angular separations in the range 0.″18–4.″6, and an average accuracy of 0.″011. The mean error on the position angles is 0.°6. Most of the position angles were determined without the usual 180° ambiguity with the application of triple‐correlation techniques and/or by inspection of the long integration files. We have found a possible new close component for ADS 2377, which would be a new quadruple star system. We also present new revised orbits for ADS 8035, 9982, 11484, and MLR 198, partly derived from those observations, and infer estimated values for the masses of those systems that are compatible with the spectral types (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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M. Scardia J.‐L. Prieur L. Pansecchi R.W. Argyle M. Sala S. Basso M. Ghigo L. Koechlin E. Aristidi 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2008,329(1):54-68
We present relative astrometric measurements of visual binaries made during the second semester of 2005, with the speckle camera PISCO at the 102 cm Zeiss telescope of Brera Astronomical Observatory, in Merate. Our sample contains orbital couples as well as binaries whose motion is still uncertain. The purpose of this long term program is to improve the accuracy of the orbits and determine the masses of the components. We performed 130 new observations of 120 objects, with most of the angular separations in the range 0″.1–4″, and with an average accuracy of 0″.01. Most of the position angles could be determined without the usual 180. ambiguity with the application of triple‐correlation techniques, and their mean error is 0°8. We have found a possible new triple system: ADS 11077. The measurements of the closest binaries were made with a new data reduction procedure, based on model fitting of the background of the auto‐correlations. As this procedure proved to be very efficient, we have re‐processed the old observations of close binaries made with PISCO in Merate since 2004. We thus improved 20 measurements already published and obtained 7 new measurements for observations that were previously reported as “unresolved”. We finally present revised orbits for ADS 684, MCA 55Aac (in the Beta 1 Cyg–Albireo multiple system) and ADS 14783 for which the previously published orbits led to large residuals with our measurements and for which the new observations made since their computation allowed a significant improvement of those old orbits. The sum of the masses that we derived for those systems are consistent with the spectral type of the stars and the dynamic parallaxes are in good agreement with the parallaxes measured by Hipparcos. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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D. E. Roa R. K. Smither X. Zhang K. Nie Y. Y. Shieh N. S. Ramsinghani N. Milne J. V. Kuo J. L. Redpath M. S. A. L. Al-Ghazi P. Caligiuri 《Experimental Astronomy》2005,20(1-3):229-239
The objective of this project is to develop and construct an innovative imaging system for nuclear medicine and molecular imaging that uses photon diffraction and is capable of generating 1–2 mm spatial resolution images in two or three dimensions. The proposed imaging system would be capable of detecting radiopharmaceuticals that emit 100–200 keV gamma rays which are typically used in diagnostic nuclear medicine and in molecular imaging. The system is expected to be optimized for the 140.6 keV gamma ray from a Tc-99m source, which is frequently used in nuclear medicine. This new system will focus the incoming gamma rays in a manner analogous to a magnifying glass focusing sunlight into a small focal point on a detector's sensitive area. Focusing gamma rays through photon diffraction has already been demonstrated with the construction of a diffraction lens telescope for astrophysics and a scaled-down lens for medical imaging, both developed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). In addition, spatial resolutions of 3 mm have been achieved with a prototype medical lens. The proposed imaging system would be comprised of an array of photon diffraction lenses tuned to diffract a specific gamma ray energy (within 100–200 keV) emitted by a common source. The properties of photon diffraction make it possible to diffract only one specific gamma ray energy at a time, which significantly reduces scattering background. The system should be sufficiently sensitive to the detection of small concentrations of radioactivity that can reveal potential tumor sites at their initial stages of development. Moreover, the system's sensitivity would eliminate the need for re-injecting a patient with more radiopharmaceutical if this patient underwent a prior nuclear imaging scan. Detection of a tumor site at its inception could allow for an earlier initiation of treatment and wider treatment options, which can potentially improve the chances for cure. 相似文献
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We propose a new feature-detection technique based on phase-congruency (PC) measurements to automatically recognize or enhance faint features in solar observations, such as off-limb coronal loops and umbral dots. Compared with other feature-detection methods that are based on gradient illuminance and imaging filtering, PC-based measurements are particular efficient for recognizing faint features, which generally have a low-intensity contrast to their surroundings. In the present article, we carry out a PC-based measurement of the local weighted mean phase angle (LWMPA) at each point in an image to indicate or highlight low-contrast features. We first used artificial images to check the detection accuracy and sensitivity to the noise of this approach. Subsequently, we applied this approach to an EUV observation obtained by the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly to highlight off-limb coronal loops, and a photospheric observation obtained by the Hinode/Solar Optical Telescope to recognize faint dots within the cores of sunspots and pores. The results illustrate that this PC-based measurement of the LWMPA is a robust detection method for faint structures in solar observations. 相似文献
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D. P. Sablowski D. Plüschke M. Weber K. G. Strassmeier A. Jrvinen 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2016,337(3):216-225
Modal noise is a common source of noise introduced to the measurements by optical fibres and is particularly important for fibre‐fed spectroscopic instruments, especially for high‐resolution measurements. This noise source can limit the signal‐to‐noise ratio and jeopardize photon‐noise limited data. The subject of the present work is to compare measurements of modal noise and focal‐ratio degradation (FRD) for several commonly used fibres. We study the influence of a simple mechanical scrambling method (excenter) on both FRD and modal noise. Measurements are performed with circular and octagonal fibres from Polymicro Technology (FBP‐Series) with diameters of 100, 200, and 300μm and for square and rectangular fibres from CeramOptec, among others. FRD measurements for the same sample of fibres are performed as a function of wavelength. Furthermore, we replaced the circular fibre of the STELLA‐échelle‐spectrograph (SES) in Tenerife with an octagonal and found a SNR increase by a factor of 1.6 at 678 nm. It is shown in the laboratory that an excenter with a large amplitude and low frequency will not influence the FRD but will reduce modal noise rather effectively by up to 180%. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献