共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
《天文学报》2015,(6)
使用一系列的模拟,包括了不同的轨道参数、主并合与小并合,以及不同的恒星盘自旋角动量与轨道角动量的耦合方式,来研究盘星系的并合过程中,顺行交会和逆行交会对并合过程会产生怎样的影响.这些影响包括并合时标、轨道形态、星系的恒星及暗物质成分剥离效率、星系的形态变化,以及形成的潮汐结构等.研究发现,由于在并合过程的前期,逆行并合的恒星剥离效率要明显小于顺行并合,因此会形成小得多的潮汐结构.但与通常认为的相反的是,与顺行并合相比,逆行并合并没有显著改变轨道形态和增大并合时标,对恒星成分的剥离效率也没有显著的影响.与顺行与否相比,潮汐半径在小并合时,卫星星系恒星成分被潮汐剥离的过程中扮演着更重要的角色,潮汐半径与恒星盘标长相等的时刻可以被认为是卫星星系恒星盘瓦解的时刻. 相似文献
2.
人们所见天空中的星星几乎全部是恒星,而且许多是与太阳类似的恒星,它们的核心正熊熊燃烧着氢。通过多种天文观测手段（例如光谱学）,人们可得到恒星的大气成分、光度、表面温度、质量、半径、磁场强度、自转情况等资料,然后运用物理规律和数学方法可以推算出恒星内部各种物理参量的分布情况。 相似文献
3.
利用SDSS光谱,研究了IRAS卫星亮红外源星表中的盘状星系中的恒星形成性质,并着重探讨了棒对星系核区恒星形成活动的影响.利用星族合成的方法得到了每个样本星系核区的恒星组成性质、恒星形成活动的强度等信息,并比较了星系整体和核区恒星形成性质的差异.得到的结论:除去相互作用,样本中的棒星系显示出比非棒旋星系更强的核区恒星形成活动和更多的年轻星族成分. 相似文献
4.
利用星团谱样本的星族合成方法,研究了邻近巨椭圆星系NGC5018中的星族成分和其内部的恒星形成历史,给出了星系中不同年龄和金属丰度星族的成分占有比.星族合成结果表明,NGC5018中不仅存在大量金属丰度低的年老恒星成分,而且较年轻的星族成分(T=5×108yr)对星系光度贡献也很重要.星系吞并和相互作用过程可能是触发这些较年轻星族形成的物理原因,椭圆星系内部的恒星形成历史可能是2次爆发或者多次爆发过程.这些结果可以很好地解释NGC5018颜色偏蓝、Mg2谱指数强度偏弱等观测特征. 相似文献
5.
银盘恒星的年龄-金属丰度关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
该文回顾了恒星的AMR(年龄-金属丰度关系)研究的历史,评述了研究的现状;介绍和比较了确定恒星年龄和金属丰度的有关方法;分析和讨论了最近有关AMR研究的4个大样本工作,分别利用每两样本之间的共同样本星,详细比较了它们分别给出的恒星年龄、金属丰度和AMR;结果表明样本的选择效应以及确定恒星年龄和金属丰度的方法或采用参数的不同都会影响AMR.通过比较选取了恒星年龄比较一致且金属丰度精度相对较高的2个样本,分别包括4 007和1 042颗恒星,用纯运动学标准确定了各自的星族成分,分别讨论了薄盘和厚盘恒星的AMR,结果显示厚盘恒星的存在明显的AMR,而薄盘恒星的A:MR不如厚盘那么明显,也提出了进一步研究AMR需要开展的几项工作. 相似文献
6.
天文学家经过长期的研究发现,恒星形成与星系的重要组成成分——星际介质有着密切关系。星际介质（interstellar medium）,顾名思义,是指恒星问弥漫的各种物质,主要是由大量的气体和尘埃组成。它们一般都非常稀薄,弥散在星际空间中。 相似文献
7.
8.
新宇 《紫金山天文台台刊》2003,(2)
作为目前研究复杂恒星系统的有力工具 ,星族合成方法是建立在单星演化理论基础之上的 ,因此 ,必然有其不完善性存在 ,尤其当系统中的双星成分不容忽视时。作为演化星族合成方法的基本单元 ,简单恒星星族模型的构成即排除了双星贡献。本文中 ,我们以银河系疏散星团为简单恒星星族模板 ,构造出一系列简单恒星星族积分光谱。从中我们可以看到 :蓝离散星这类理论上主要来源于双星系统的恒星 ,对星团积分光谱的紫外及蓝端有很大影响 ,从而造成简单恒星星族积分光谱能量分布的改变。这种改变势必影响对星团年龄及其它一些物理参量的判定 ,并最终影响星族合成的结果。同时 ,若以 (B -V )色指数进行度量 ,蓝离散星对简单恒星星族积分颜色的影响可达到 30 %。工作中 ,我们选取了 2 6个年龄在1x10 1 0 ～ 6x10 1 0 年之间的疏散星团为样本进行统计研究。 相似文献
9.
《天文学进展》2014,(2)
硅酸盐是宇宙尘埃的主要成分之一。20世纪60年代,在演化晚期恒星中就曾发现硅酸盐尘埃的辐射特征,并且与实验室无定形硅酸盐的光谱特征非常吻合。到20世纪90年代,演化晚期恒星中的结晶硅酸盐特征首次在ISO卫星拍摄的光谱中探测到,其后随着更多的红外空间天文台(Spitzer、Herschel等)的发射,发现了大量具有结晶硅酸盐特征的恒星,尤其是演化晚期恒星,几乎涵盖了演化晚期的各个阶段(红巨星、渐近巨星支星、原行星状星云、行星状星云、红超巨星等)。结晶硅酸盐尘埃的特征广泛分布在10～70μm波长范围内,表现为多个丰富的谱带。阐述了演化晚期恒星中结晶硅酸盐尘埃的发现、谱特征、观测特性、结晶度和形成机制。 相似文献
10.
本文是在银河系化学演化的基础上，利用银河系的三成分(threezone)(即晕、厚盘和薄盘)多相(multi-phase)(气体，分子云，大、小质量恒星以及剩余物质)的化学演化的理论模型，讨论了以下观测约束：1、质量面密度、恒星形成率，各分区质量比；2、场星的年龄-金属丰度关系；3、α元素化学演化；4、太阳附近G矮星金属丰度分布；5、三成分金属丰度特征量；6、超新星爆发率；7、内落速率。结果表明，三成分多分量模型能够较好地满足观测约束，比较真实地反映星系演化过程。可以用该模型计算元素的星系化学演化。 相似文献
11.
Gerard Gilmore 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1999,267(1-4):109-117
Correlations between stellar kinematics and chemical abundances are fossil evidence for evolutionary connections between Galactic structural components. Extensive stellar surveys show that the only tolerably clear distinction between galactic components appears in the distributions of specific angular momentum. Here the stellar metal-poor halo and the metal-rich bulge are indistinguishable from each other, as are the thick disk and the old disk. Each pair is very distinct from the other. This leads to an evolutionary model in which the metal-poor stellar halo evolves into the inner bulge, while the thick disk is a precursor to the thin disk. These evolutionary sequences are distinct. The galaxy is made of two discrete 'populations', one of low and one of high angular momentum. Some (minor?) complexity is added to this picture by the debris of late and continuing mergers, which will be especially important in the outer stellar halo. 相似文献
12.
M. Grenon 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1989,156(1-2):29-37
Members of the Galaxy components are identified according to stellar ages, metallicities and galactic orbits. The local thin disk is found to have a maximum age of 11 billion years and a small abundance scatter partially controlled by the radial gradient of abundances. Metal-rich and old metal-poor stars belong to inner galactic populations and SMRs represent the ultimate star generation in the bulge. The thick disk forms a smooth transition between the halo and thin disk. 相似文献
13.
Based on archival Hubble Space Telescope images, we have performed stellar photometry for eight edge-on spiral and irregular
galaxies. We have identified stars of three ages in the derived Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams and constructed their number
density distribution perpendicularly to the plane of the galactic disk. The sizes of the stellar subsystems of young (up to
100 Myr), middle (0.1–1.0 Gyr), and old (up to 12 Gyr) ages have been determined. A relationship between the age of a subsystem
and its size has been found in all of the galaxies studied. Our results can be explained by the model of galactic thick-disk
formation through thin-disk expansion. In this case, the middle-age stellar subsystem is a transitional stage from the thin
disk to the thick one. 相似文献
14.
N. A. Tikhonov 《Astronomy Letters》2012,38(8):497-505
Based on archival Hubble Space Telescope images, we have performed stellar photometry for eight edge-on spiral and irregular galaxies. We have identified stars with ages of 20, 50, 80, 160, and 500 Myr in the derived Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams and constructed their number density distributions perpendicularly to the plane of the galactic disk. We have determined the sizes of the stellar subsystems and constructed the size-age diagrams for the stars constituting these subsystems. The stellar subsystems have been found to expand in all of the investigated galaxies within the range of ages studied (from 20 to 500 Myr). The expansion velocity of the subsystems decreases as one recedes from the galactic plane. The subsystems with ages of 1.5 and 6 Gyr also exhibit an increase in their sizes with age. The sizes of these subsystems approach those of the thick disk consisting of red giants. Our results confirm the model of thick-disk formation in irregular and low-mass spiral galaxies through thin-disk expansion. 相似文献
15.
Summary. Recent papers dealing with the most controversial aspects of AGNs are reviewed. They suggest interesting conclusions: all
Seyferts can be described by a single parameter, the X-ray column density; radio loud AGNs may host a rapidly spinning black
hole and radio quiet AGNs a slowly spinning black hole; high-ionization AGNs (Seyfert galaxies and QSOs) contain an optically
thick, geometrically thin accretion disk, while low-ionization AGNs (Liners) contain an optically thin, geometrically thick
accretion disk; a number of blazars have been classified as BLLs on the basis of insufficient data; most objects with weak
broad emission lines are in fact HPQs; many objects have been called Liners although they are not AGNs but rather the result
of stellar activity; type 2 QSOs exist, but are quite inconspicuous if radio quiet.
Received 16 November 1999 / Published online: 15 February 2000 相似文献
16.
We present synthetic images of accretion disks around young stars computed from a model where the disk's vertical structure is solved assuming hydrostatic equilibrium. The disk's brightness results from three emission processes: (1) the reprocessing of stellar photons in the optically thick disk's regions; (2) the scattering of stellar photons in the optically thin parts of the disk; and (3) the thermal emission of the disk due to viscous energy dissipation during the accretion process.We discuss the relative importance of these emission processes at wavelengths ranging from 1.2 to 20m.Paper presented at the Conference onPlanetary Systems: Formation, Evolution, and Detection held 7–10 December, 1992 at CalTech, Pasadena, California, U.S.A. 相似文献
17.
Markus Samland 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2002,281(1-2):305-308
The formation of a disk galaxy within a slowly growing dark halo is simulated with a new chemo-dynamical model. The model
describes the evolution of the stellar populations, the multi-phase ISM and all important interaction. I find, that the galaxy
forms radially from inside-out and vertically from top-to-bottom. The derived stellar age distributions show that the inner
halo is the oldest component, followed by the outer halo, the triaxial bulge, the halo-disk transition region and the disk.
Despite the still idealized model, the final galaxy resembles present-day disk galaxies in many aspects. In particular, the
stellar metallicity distribution in the halo of the model resembles the one of M31. The bulge in the model shows, at least
two stellar subpopulations, an early collapse population and a population that formed later out of accreted disk mass. In
the stellar metallicity distribution of the disk, I find a pronounced ‘G-dwarf problem’ which is the result of a pre-enrichment
of the disk ISM with metal-rich gas from the bulge.
This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
恒星的Al元素丰度可以为探索星团和星系的化学演化提供重要线索.通过系统分析银河系薄盘、厚盘、核球、银晕以及M4、M5等球状星团中恒星的[Al/Fe]随恒星金属丰度[Fe/H]的变化趋势,得出银河系薄盘、厚盘和核球恒星的[Al/Fe]随着[Fe/H]的增加而缓慢下降,而球状星团M4和M5恒星的[Al/Fe]随[Fe/H]增加没有下降趋势,这暗示Ia超新星对M4和M5恒星元素丰度的贡献比较小.详细研究了银河系恒星[Al/Fe]与[Mg/Fe]、[Na/Fe]的相关性,结果表明银河系场星的[Al/Fe]与[Mg/Fe]正相关,但在球状星团M4和M5恒星中未见此相关性;银河系盘星及M4和M5等球状星团恒星的[Al/Fe]与[Na/Fe]都存在正相关. 相似文献
19.
The orientations of the accretion disk of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and the stellar disk of its host galaxy are both determined by the angular momentum of their forming gas, but on very different physical environments and spatial scales. Here we show the evidence that the orientation of the stellar disk is correlated with the accretion disk by comparing the inclinations of the stellar disks of a large sample of Type 2 AGNs selected from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS, York et al. 2000) to a control galaxy sample. Given that the Type 2 AGN fraction is in the range of 70–90 percent for low luminosity AGNs as a priori, we find that the mean tilt between the accretion disk and stellar disk is ~ 30 degrees (Shen et al. 2010). 相似文献
20.
A. V. Khoperskov 《Astronomy Letters》2002,28(10):651-655
Dynamical modeling of stellar disks without bulges is used to derive the dependence of the central stellar radial-velocity dispersion on the dark-halo mass. A sample of late-type galaxies with known central stellar velocity dispersions and maximum gas rotation velocities was drawn from the LEDA database. The sample-averaged ratio of the halo mass within four radial disk scale lengths to the disk mass is 80%. Objects whose halo mass can be a factor of 2 or more larger than the disk mass were identified. 相似文献