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电磁兼容性是设备或系统的重要性能指标, 也是保障系统的工作效能和提高系统可靠性的重要因素. 大口径射电望远镜运行阶段, 台址周围无线电业务及内部潜在的电磁干扰会降低观测系统灵敏度、影响天文观测的质量. 本论文针对拟建的新疆110 m全向可动射电望远镜(Qi Tai raido Telescope, QTT)开展了系统电磁兼容评估技术及控制方法研究, 具有重要的工程应用价值. 首先, 依据现有电波环境测量方法的不足, 深入分析了仪器设备的关键参数配置方法及测量时间计算方法, 采用Y因子法校准测量数据, 提出一种准实时电波环境测量方法. 面向高重复性宽带频谱, 分析了宽带频谱信号和噪声特征, 结合标准差理论, 提出一种基于邻值比较的信噪分离方法, 并采用邻值统计方法优化关键参数, 提高信噪分离精度. 针对QTT台址, 开发了自动化电波环境监测系统, 该系统6 GHz以下频段系统增益大于40 dB, 系统噪声系数小于2 dB, 测量不确定度小于1.49 dB, 具有极高的系统灵敏度和测量精度; 分析了频谱监测数据流, 设计了基于HDF5 (Hierarchical Data Format version 5)的数据存储格式, 开发了自动化电波环境测量和监控软件及数据处理软件. 依据QTT台址长期监测数据, 评估分析了台址电磁环境、主要干扰源特征及其影响. 其次, 提出大口径射电望远镜馈源口面干扰电平限值量化方法, 建立了基于台址地形的电波传播模型, 分析了现有电波传播模型的优缺点及适应性, 结合QTT台址实际地形及地质特征, 采用Longley-Rice和Two-Ray电波传播模型, 预测分析了QTT台址潜在干扰区域电磁干扰达到射电望远镜的电波路径衰减, 结合大口径射电望远镜天线增益量化方法, 提出设备所在位置干扰电平限值量化方法, 运用该方法对QTT台址潜在干扰区域的干扰电平限值进行量化. 依据设备所在位置干扰电平限值, 调研分析了国内外军用、民用电磁兼容测量标准, 结合电磁干扰对射电天文观测的影响, 提出一种大口径射电望远镜电磁兼容控制方法, 解决了现有电波暗室测量系统无法直接测量评估电子设备电磁兼容的问题, 该电磁兼容控制方法计划应用于QTT建设及运行阶段, 确保系统拥有良好的电磁兼容性. 最后, 依据QTT台址潜在干扰区域干扰电平限值, 结合典型电子设备电磁辐射频谱, 分析了QTT电磁兼容设计需求, 提出电磁兼容设计初步方案. 另外, 针对台址建筑设施内的中低电磁辐射干扰源, 提出一种低成本建筑屏蔽方法, 应用于QTT台址现有建筑. 相似文献
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射电天文信号非常微弱,电磁环境对射电望远镜观测至关重要,通常可以利用地形、建立无线电宁静区、进行电磁屏蔽与防护等手段来减小电磁干扰.然而,仍有一些干扰难以屏蔽.故提出了一种基于自适应滤波的干扰消除方法,可用于复杂噪声环境中天文信号的提取.该方法借助自适应横向滤波器,采用最小均方(Least Mean Square, LMS)误差算法,以系统误差和收敛性为评判标准,通过改变步长与阶数对滤波效果进行优化,仿真结果显示该滤波器能在保证算法收敛的前提下有效提取信号.为了检验该算法的有效性,选取了新疆天文台南山26 m射电望远镜和Parkes 64 m射电望远镜记录的观测数据,采用设计的滤波器分别对不同的实测数据进行测试,验证了该滤波器的有效性.理论分析与实验结果一致表明该方法能有效消除天文观测中的干扰信号,具有一定的实用性. 相似文献
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《天文研究与技术》2016,(1)
射电天文台址内仪器设备众多,电磁环境复杂,电磁兼容设计、屏蔽设计及辐射评估均依赖基于测试的数据处理与分析,而程序化是提高测试及数据分析效率的唯一手段。浅析了电磁辐射评估系统的硬件组成、评估流程、软件开发目标及关键技术点;基于软件需求分析及评估过程中的数据传递、数据处理及数据存储,给出了评估软件的设计流程图、数据流图及二维差值算法流程图;分析了电磁辐射评估过程中主要数据特征,开发了基于数据源、数据库的数据存储及管理模块。其次,基于Microsoft Visual Studio 2010开发平台,通过大量的程序调试与界面优化,完成了电磁辐射评估软件开发,能够对仪器设备辐射特性进行快速测试、分析与评估,为射电天文台址电磁兼容性改造和射电望远镜系统兼容性设计提供重要的参考依据。 相似文献
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《天文研究与技术》2017,(3)
脉冲星是一类自转极为稳定、辐射电磁脉冲的中子星。脉冲星研究的3个前沿领域使得与其相关的射电天文观测需要更多更宽的无线电频段。来自深空微弱的射电信号及射电望远镜的高灵敏度等特点,又使射电观测易受到来自人类活动产生的电磁干扰的影响,甚至有时对射电观测带来致命影响,因此射电观测需要选择电磁环境优异的地方建站。利用宽带噪声源、50Ω匹配负载、高低频天线组成具有三重定标校准的监测系统。系统处于哀牢山生态站进行不同频段(100 MHz~18 GHz)、多方位角、两个极化角、不同气候环境下的观测。阐述了对观测数据进行统计分析及处理的方式。系统可以广泛用于野外电磁环境监测及射电望远镜选址等领域。 相似文献
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本文从理论上推导出射电天文接收机的灵敏度公式,由此估算了射电天文各个波段观测的灵敏度和有害干扰电平的极限值。简述了三种类型的有害干扰和减小干扰影响的技术措施。 相似文献
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射频干扰是射电天文观测设备无法回避的问题。国家天文台(内蒙古)明安图观测基地多台各具特色的射电观测设备、各类电磁辐射源及其传播路径共同组成了复杂的电磁环境。现有超宽带高分辨太阳射电成像观测设备——明安图射电频谱日像仪,以及即将建设的子午二期工程的太阳行星际监测系统,包括米波-十米波射电日像仪、行星际闪烁望远镜和超宽带射电频谱仪等,全部频率覆盖1 MHz～15 GHz,观测结果用于太阳物理、空间天气监测和预报的关键问题研究,也对电磁环境提出了更高要求。介绍了明安图观测基地的观测设备及其地理环境,给出了方位频率功率谱、立体方向图、时间频率功率谱等射频干扰的初步监测结果,讨论了射频干扰预防、消减及射频干扰自监测方案。 相似文献
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Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF31, were discovered, librating about the L5 Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ7, to be a Trojan, associated with the L4 Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND43) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW15 and 2000 TG2, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion. 相似文献
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Time scales of the transition from contact binary systems of the W UMa type to single stars of the blue straggler type are estimated. A model of one-way mass transfer from the primary component to the companion inside a common envelope (Eggen et al.) and a model of a contact binary lying on the zero-age main sequence with a companion that is losing mass (F. van't Veer) are used to calculate these scales. The merging times of components were calculated for 304 contact systems of the W UMa type from the Catalog of Approximate Photometric and Absolute Elements of Eclipsing Variable Stars on a scale of loss of mass and orbital angular momentum due to magnetic braking, under the assumption of synchronization of the axial rotation and orbital revolution. On the basis of the resulting statistics, the characteristic merging scales are 0.4-0.6 and 0.5-0.7 Gyr, respectively, for the above two models. The results of a comparison with the work of other authors are discussed. 相似文献
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Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 1015–1016 G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars. 相似文献
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Pavel Mayer Marek Wolf P. G. Niarchos K. D. Gazeas V. N. Manimanis Drahomír Chochol 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,304(1-4):39-41
New precise times of minimum light for several early-type eclipsing binaries were obtained at three observatories. The changes of period of the following measured binaries are discussed: V1182 Aql, LY Aur, SZ Cam, FZ CMa, QZ Car, LZ Cen, V606 Cen, AH Cep and TU~Mus. 相似文献
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V.S. Kalantonis E.A. Perdios A.E. Perdiou O. Ragos M.N. Vrahatis 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,288(4):479-488
The techniques used for the numerical computation of families of periodic orbits of dynamical systems rely on predictor-corrector
algorithms. These algorithms usually depend on the solution of systems of approximate equations constructed from the periodicity
conditions of these orbits. In this contribution we transform the root finding procedure to an optimization one which is applied
on an objective function based on the exact periodicity conditions. Thus, the determination of periodic solutions and families
of such orbits can be accomplished through unconstrained optimization. In this paper we apply and compare some well-known
minimization methods for the solution of this problem. The obtained results are promising.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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分析了上两个世纪发生在淮河的洪水事件的可公度性，根据其可公度值及其黄金分割点指出1991年与2003年淮河洪水的不可避免，最后讨论了可公度性的局限及淮河洪水可公度值的可能机制。 相似文献
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We present a numerical method for inverting long-period components of lightcurves of asynchronous binary asteroids. Data of five near-Earth binary asteroids, (175706) 1996 FG3, (65803) Didymos, (66391) 1999 KW4, (185851) 2000 DP107 and (66063) 1998 RO1, for two of them from more than one apparition, were inverted. Their mutual orbits' poles and Keplerian elements, size ratios, and ellipsoidal shape axial ratios were estimated via this inversion. The pole solutions and size ratios for 1999 KW4 and 2000 DP107 are in a good agreement with independent estimates from radar measurements. We show that uncertainties of estimates of bulk densities of binary systems can be large, especially when observed on short arcs. 相似文献
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Influences of the mass, moment of inertia, rotation, absence of stability in the atmosphere and some other parameters of neutron stars on the evolution of pulsars are examined. It is shown that the locations and evolutions of soft gamma repeaters, anomalous X-ray pulsars and other types of pulsar on the period versus period derivative diagram can be explained adopting values of B < 1014 G for these objects if they have smaller mass (e.g. about 0.5 Solar mass) compared to the conventionally adopted values of mass. This approach gives the possibility to explain many properties of different types of pulsar. 相似文献
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Results concerning the dependence of photometric and radial velocity amplitudes on metallicity are presented based on about 200 Galactic classical Cepheids pulsating in the fundamental mode. The Galactic distribution of the [Fe/H] value of Cepheids is also studied. We show that the photometric amplitude ratio AI/AV is independent of metallicity. The observed dependence of this ratio on the pulsation period does not correspond to the theoretical predictions. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献