共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
本利用宽波段能谱结构讨论了四个ＰＧ类星体的红外辐射机制，结果表明，在产生红外连续辐射的可能机制中，非热的，具有幂律特征的辐射和被核光度加热的“核尘埃”的热再循辐射是红外辐射的主要来源，对于高光度的活动星系核，它的主星系的红外辐射及恒星形成区的红外辐射是可民义忽略的。 相似文献
2.
《天文学进展》2017,(1)
极亮红外星系(ULIRGs)是指红外(IR,8~1000μm)光度L_(IR)10~(12)L_⊙的一类星系。研究表明,红移z≈2处极亮红外星系是大质量(M_*10~(11)M_⊙)、富尘埃和强恒星形成(大于100 M_⊙·a~(-1))的特殊星系。极亮红外星系可分成活动星系核起主导作用的源和恒星形成占主导的星系。恒星形成主导的源,中红外光谱有明显的多环芳香烃辐射;而活动星系核主导的星系,光谱呈现出幂律形式并有很强的硅线吸收。极亮红外星系的静止光学波段形态存在多样化,既有并合结构特征,又有椭圆形态。这类星系很可能是近邻大质量宁静星系的前身星系。介绍了红移z=2附近极亮红外星系的各种物理性质的研究进展,如形态和结构、光谱特征、成团性、尘埃分布和形成机制等,以及阐述了该领域未来的研究方向。 相似文献
3.
介绍了近年来河外Ｈ２Ｏ超脉泽的主要观测结果。Ｈ２Ｏ超脉泽通常起源于活动星系核中央的拱核盘。它们主要寄生在 Ｓｅｒｆｅｒｔ ２星系或低电离核区。至今为止，已有２０个星系探测到Ｈ２Ｏ超脉泽。脉泽辐射的各向同性光度为１０～６０００Ｌ⊙。所有超脉泽星系显示出核的活动，显然，脉泽是由核活动所产生的射电和Ｘ射线光子或激波来抽运的。Ｈ２Ｏ超脉泽倾向存在于高倾斜度的星系，这使得沿视线上的分子柱密度增高，产生足够大的放大光深。最有可能产生Ｈ２Ｏ超脉泽辐射的星系应有一个包含着射电源的侧向的分子盘以及一个适当的抽运机制。 相似文献
4.
水超脉泽辐射( 各向同性光度超过 10 个太阳光度) 通常在星系中心最内部的核区( 小于几个秒差距) 被发现,因而活动星系核被认为是其唯一的能量源。同其它没有检测到水脉泽辐射的活动星系核相比,水脉泽寄主活动星系核可能隐含着某种或某些特殊性质。基于此我们调研了已经公开发表的所有水脉泽源的 X 射线观测情况,得到了一个有 X 射线观测研究结果的子样本( 39 个源) 。由它们的 X 射线光度以及估算的黑洞质量,导出了它们的无量纲吸积率( logL2-10keV /LEdd,其中 L2-10keV和 LEdd分别是 2 - 10keV 的固有光度和爱丁顿光度) ; 与距离范围相当的、没有检测到水脉泽的活动星系核样本相比,发现脉泽寄主活动星系核有较高的吸积率。进一步分析比较这两个活动星系核样本的质量吸积率,也发现类似的趋势。此外,为了探索吸积率和水脉泽辐射间可能的内在联系,我们对它们的脉泽光度和吸积率进行了统计分析,然而结果显示二者之间没有明显的相关性。 相似文献
5.
介绍了近年来河外H2O超脉泽的主要观测结果。H2O超脉泽通常起源于活动星系核中央的拱核盘。它们主要寄生在Serfert2星系或低电离核区。至今为止，已有20个星系探测到H2O超脉泽。脉泽辐射的各向同性光度为10－6000L。所有超脉泽星系显示出核的活动，显然，脉泽是由核活动所产生的射电和X射线光子或激波来抽运的。H2O超脉泽倾向存在于高倾斜度的星系，这使得沿视线上的分子柱密度增高，产生足够大的放大光深。最有可能产生H2O超脉泽辐射的星系应有一个包含着射电源的侧向的分子盘以及一个适当的抽运机制。 相似文献
6.
随着探测设备角分辨率和灵敏度的提高,喷流、喷流节点和热斑等活动星系核延展结构在射电、红外、光学、X射线等越来越多的波段被探测到,分辨出其更细致的结构,促进了理论研究热潮的兴起,使该领域成为当今天体物理研究的活跃领域之一。喷流是由活动星系核中心产生的准直等离子体外流,由中心黑洞驱动。至今,对喷流的成分、产生、准直原理和加速机制等基本问题并不清楚。另一方面,对于喷流、喷流节点和热斑等活动星系核延展区的辐射机制,一般认为其射电和光学辐射由相对论电子的同步辐射产生,但X射线的起源就存在着一定的争议。简单概述该领域近年来观测和理论研究进展。 相似文献
7.
本文第1部份,描述从SAS-2卫星得到的能量大于100MeV的宇宙Υ射线数据来证认有Υ射线的活动星系核。11个类星体、3个BLLac天体和1个射电星系的Υ射线辐射已得到证认。 本文第2部分描述活动星系核对河外Υ射线背景辐射的影响。SAS-2的Υ辐射数据,已被用来测定类星体和赛弗特星系的Υ辐射绝对光度与光学绝对光度间的函数关系,并由此导出它们对河外Υ射线背景辐射的贡献。我们指出,类星体(B<20)、赛弗特星系(1型和1.5型)对35—100MeV能量范围的弥散Υ射线背景辐射有相当大的贡献(59％)。由此我们得出河外Υ射线背景辐射可能是由类星体和赛弗特星系这类活动星系产生的结论。 本文第3部份我们对3个有Υ辐射的活动星系核综合其Υ波段和其他波段的数据,以探索这些天体辐射的发射机制。这些综合的数据对发射机制给出严格的限制。我们指出,对这3个天体的数据,与同步自康普顿模型(SSC)的预计是一致的。 相似文献
8.
本文讨论了１６个红外强ＰＧ类星体的红外辐射能谱。我们假设这些活动星系核的红外谱是由非热辐射机制和尘埃的热辐射共同产生的，通过对红外包的最佳拟合，我们发现大多数ＰＧ类星体的红外包位于７一２４μ的中远红外区，尘埃的热辐射机制能很好地产生观测到的红外包。通过模拟能定量地说明尘埃产生的热致辐射在这些天体的红外谱中的相对重要性，在模型与观测值之间的拟合中，我们得到了在这些天体中核加热的尘埃区的大小、尘埃的分布等模型参数。 相似文献
9.
类星体与赛弗特Ⅰ型星系中观测到很陡的巴尔末减缩,与传统的理论预言相矛盾．这是一个长期没有解决的困惑．如果活动星系核的宽的氢线是产生于“Cerenkov线状辐射”机制,这一难题就可解决．搜集了过去已发表的近百个有巴尔末减缩观测结果的类星体与赛弗特星系源,并采用“Cerenkov线状辐射”这一新型辐射机制的线强比公式完成了对观测的巴尔末减缩的理论计算．理论与观测符合很好,这是活动星系核宽的氢发射线主要起源于“Cerenkov线状辐射”机制的一个重要证据．如果这一结论最终获得肯定,将大大改变人们对活动星系核物理的认识． 相似文献
10.
本文讨论了１６个红外强ＰＧ类星体的红外辐射能谱。我们假设这些活动星系核的红外谱是由非热辐射机制和尘埃的热辐射共同产生的，通过对红外包的最佳拟合，我们发现大多数ＰＧ类星体的红外包位于７－２４μ的中远红外区，尘埃的热辐射机制能很好地产生观测到的红外包。通过模拟能定量地说明尘埃产生的热致辐射在这些天体的红外谱中的相对重要性，在模型与观测值之间的拟合中，我们得到了在这些天体中核加热的尘埃区的大小、尘埃的分 相似文献
11.
In the present paper, the continua of four PG quasars from X-ray regions through the far-infrared are discussed. The spectral energy distributions show a variety of shapes which can be explained by combining five components in varying proportions. Nonthermal emission and thermal dust emission both contribute substantially to the infrared bump. For all four quasars discussed, the nonthermal emission, spanning at least five decades of frequencies, is found by our model to have a power-law index near unity. The nonthermal process is found to have produced the uniform-energy-distribution status of νfν const. The contributions from the host galaxy and starburst region near the nuclei are negligible in the infrared for luminous quasars. 相似文献
12.
Pei-sheng Chen Hong-guang Shan Pin Zhang Yi-fei Gao 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,302(1-4):17-25
The 2MASS observation of the infrared quasars (IR QSOs) known so far is presented in this paper. Compared with the optical
selected quasars, infrared quasars are more dust-enshrouded and have redder colors and steeper spectral indices in the near
infrared. In consequence, they are much younger than the optical selected quasars. The result may be helpful to the suggestion
that the evolution links could be the ULIRGs - > the IR QSOs - > the optical selected quasars.
This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), which is a joint project of the University
of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
and the National Science Foundation of the United States. 相似文献
13.
《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2015,(11)
The long-term optical and infrared color variability of blazars has been investigated with monitoring data from the Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System(SMARTS). The sample in this study consists of 49 flat spectrum radio quasars(FSRQs) and 22 BL Lacertae objects(BL Lacs). The fractional variability amplitudes of each source have been calculated in both optical R band and infrared J band. Overall, the variability amplitudes of FSRQs are larger than those of BL Lacs. The results also suggest that the variability amplitude of most FSRQs is larger at a lower energy band(J band) than at a higher one(R band), but the variability amplitude of BL Lacs is larger at the higher energy band. Both types of blazars display color variation along with variability in brightness. However, they show different variation behaviors in general. In the whole data set, 35 FSRQs exhibit redder-whenbrighter trends, and 11 FSRQs exhibit opposite trends; 11 BL Lacs follow bluer-whenbrighter trends, and seven BL Lacs follow opposite trends. A detailed examination indicates that there are 10 blazars showing redder-when-brighter trends in their low state, and bluer-when-brighter or stable-when-brighter trends in their high state. Some more complicated color behaviors have also been detected in several blazars. The nonthermal jet emission and the thermal emission from the accretion disk are employed to explain the observed color behaviors. 相似文献
14.
We examine a Doppler theory of quasars in which it is assumed that a fraction of the total population of quasars are fired
from centres of explosion with moderate cosmological redshifts. It is argued that the substantial part of the redshift of
a typical high redshift quasar could be of Doppler origin. If Hoyle’s recent hypothesis that quasars emit the bulk of their
radiation in a narrow backward cone is given a quantitative form, it is shown that the kinematic and emission parameters of
this model can explain the observed features of the four aligned triplets of quasars discovered by Arp and Hazard (1980) and
by Saslaw (personal communication). The model predicts a small but nonzero fraction of quasars with blueshifts. Further observational
tests of the model are discussed. 相似文献
15.
P. J. Boyce M. J. Disney J. C. Blades A. Boksenberg P. Crane J. M. Deharveng F. D. Macchetto C. D. Mackay & W. B. Sparks 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,298(1):121-130
We present Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) images of seven low-redshift quasars (six taken with the Planetary Camera, one with the Wide Field Camera). These complete the sample of 14 quasars observed by the Faint Object Camera Investigation Definition Team (FOC IDT). Following subtraction of the quasar nuclear light, host galaxies can be seen in all seven cases. A combination of the optical morphology and luminosity profiles of the residual host galaxies and the results of 2D cross-correlation model fitting implies that five of the objects have elliptical host galaxies and two have disc host galaxies. The luminosities vary from slightly fainter than L * to about 1.3 mag brighter than L * . We discuss the properties of the complete sample of 14 quasars. Nine of the objects appear to have elliptical host galaxies (all six of the radio-loud quasars in the sample as well as three radio-quiet quasars). Two further radio-quiet quasars appear to lie in disc galaxies. The other three objects (radio-quiet, ultraluminous infrared quasars) all lie in violently interacting systems. The sample as a whole has an average luminosity about 0.8 mag brighter than L * , although the radio-loud objects have hosts on average 0.7 mag brighter than the radio-quiet objects. We compare our results with those from HST imaging of quasars by other authors. Taken together, our observations are in broad agreement with those of Bahcall et al. Radio-loud quasars appear to lie in luminous elliptical galaxies whereas radio-quiet quasars are found to lie in either elliptical or spiral hosts. Host galaxy luminosities (of radio-quiet and radio-loud quasars) are much brighter than would be expected if they followed a Schechter luminosity function. 相似文献
16.
活动星系核有两类常见外流，相对论性的射电喷流和非相对论性的物质外流，前者主要在射电强的适动星系核中，以非热辐射为特征，非相对论性外流主要通过紫外吸收线观测到，总结了类星体非对论性外流的一些性质及其X射线观测给出了的问题，指出现有的观测表明非相对论性外流引起的质量损失很重要。 相似文献
17.
For this paper, we collected almost all of the type II quasars so far discovered. Among them, 485 sources have photometric data at JHK bands, mainly from Two-Micron All-Sky Survey observations, 65 sources have IRAS photometric data in at least one of the three IRAS bands at 25, 60 and 100 μm and 15 sources have IRAS photometric data in all three IRAS bands. We find that in nearly half of all type II quasars, both the near- and far-infrared radiations are dominated by starlight or thermal reprocessing of starlight by dust in the underlying galaxy. The infrared radiation of the other group (slightly over half) is dominated by a non-thermal radiation in the near-infrared, and mostly in the far-infrared also (although there is a mixture particularly for the longer wavelengths). It is proposed that for the later group, hidden broad lines may exist in the infrared. On the basis of our and previous results, we also discuss the possibility that there are two distinct classes of type II quasars: 'true' type II quasars without a broad-line region and heavily obscured type I quasars, in full analogy with the case for type II Seyfert galaxies. No relationships can be found for either the near-infrared or the far-infrared colours and the redshift. Correlations between absolute magnitude in the near- and far-infrared with redshift are found, but could be due to a flux limit (Malmquist bias). 相似文献
18.
Xue-Bing Wu Wen-Wen Zuo Qian Yang Wei-Min Yi Chen-Wei Yang Wen-Juan Liu Peng Jiang Xin-Wen Shu and Hong-Yan Zhou 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2012,(9):1185-1190
Quasars with redshifts greater than 4 are rare, and can be used to probe the structure and evolution of the early universe. Here we report the discovery of six new quasars with i-band magnitudes brighter than 19.5 and redshifts between 2.4 and 4.6 from spectroscopy with the Yunnan Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (YFOSC) at the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope in February, 2012. These quasars are in the list of z > 3.6 quasar candidates selected by using our proposed J K/i Y criterion and the photometric redshift estimations from the SDSS optical and UKIDSS near-IR photometric data. Nine candidates were observed by YFOSC, and five among six new quasars were identified as z > 3.6 quasars. One of the other three objects was identified as a star and the other two were unidentified due to the lower signal-to-noise ratio of their spectra. This is the first time that z > 4 quasars have been discovered using a telescope in China. Thanks to the Chinese Telescope Access Program (TAP), the redshift of 4.6 for one of these quasars was confirmed by the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT) Red Channel spectroscopy. The continuum and emission line properties of these six quasars, as well as their central black hole masses and Eddington ratios, were obtained. 相似文献
19.
Chris Simpson Steve Rawlings 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,317(4):1023-1028
We present JHKL ' photometry of a complete sample of steep-spectrum radio-loud quasars from the revised 3CR catalogue in the redshift range 0.65 z <1.20. After correcting for contributions from emission lines and the host galaxies, we investigate their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) around 1 μm. About 75 per cent of the quasars are tightly grouped in the plane of optical spectral index, α opt , versus near-infrared spectral index, α IR , with the median value of α opt close to the canonical value, and the median α IR slightly flatter. We conclude that the fraction of moderately obscured, red quasars decreases with increasing radio power, in accordance with the 'receding torus' model which can also explain the relatively flat median near-infrared spectra of the 3CR quasars. Two of the red quasars have inverted infrared spectral indices, and we suggest that their unusual SEDs might result from a combination of dust-scattered and transmitted quasar light. 相似文献