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1.
Perturbations of the matter density in a homogeneous and isotropic cosmological model which leads to the formation of galaxies should, at later stages of evolution, cause spatial fluctuations of relic radiation. Silk assumed that an adiabatic connection existed between the density perturbations at the moment of recombination of the initial plasma and fluctuations of the observed temperature of radiation δT/T=δ ?m /3 ?m . It is shown in this article that such a simple connection is not applicable due to:
  1. The long time of recombination;
  2. The fact that when regions withM<1015 M ⊙ become transparent for radiation, the optical depth to the observer is still large due to Thompson scattering;
  3. The spasmodic increase of δ ?m/?m in recombination.
As a result the expected temperature fluctuations of relic radiation should be smaller than adiabatic fluctuations. In this article the value of δT/T arising from scattering of radiation on moving electrons is calculated; the velocity field is generated by adiabatic or entropy density perturbations. Fluctuations of the relic radiation due to secondary heating of the intergalactic gas are also estimated. A detailed investigation of the spectrum of fluctuations may, in principle, lead to an understanding of the nature of initial density perturbations since a distinct periodic dependence of the spectral density of perturbations on wavelength (mass) is peculiar to adiabatic perturbations. Practical observations are quite difficult due to the smallness of the effects and the presence of fluctuations connected with discrete sources of radio emission.  相似文献   

2.
The dynamical mass of a star cluster can be derived from the virial theorem, using the measured half-mass radius and line-of-sight velocity dispersion of the cluster. However, this dynamical mass may be a significant overestimation of the cluster mass if the contribution of the binary orbital motion is not taken into account. Here, we describe the mass overestimation as a function of cluster properties and binary population properties, and briefly touch on the issue of selection effects. We find that for clusters with a measured velocity dispersion of σ los?10 km?s?1 the presence of binaries does not affect the dynamical mass significantly. For clusters with σ los?1 km?s?1 (i.e., low-density clusters), the contribution of binaries to σ los is significant, and may result in a major dynamical mass overestimation. The presence of binaries may introduce a downward shift of Δlog?(L V /M dyn)=0.05–0.4 (in solar units) in the log?(L V /M dyn) versus age diagram.  相似文献   

3.
Zdenek Sekanina 《Icarus》1978,33(2):415-427
A model is proposed for single close encounters between two small masses, m1and m2, which orbit a much larger mass, M. The main new feature of the model is the assumption of conic motion of the center of mass of m1and m2 in the gravitational field of M. Comparisons of the model with the three-body equations of motion indicate that the model is a useful approximation for m1, m2 ? 10?5M. The model is therefore applicable for encounters between bodies of the order of an earth mass or smaller in the presence of the sun. Comparisons are also made of outcomes obtained by the model with outcomes of numerical integration for a large variety of close encounters. The above comparisons reveal that for many purposes the model is an adequate approximation for those encounters with ? ≥ 4, where ? is the eccentricity of the hyperbolic orbit of m1about m2.  相似文献   

4.
A study on the distribution of neutron exposures in a low-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star is presented, according to the s-process nucleosynthesis model with the 12C(α, n)16O reaction occurred under radiative conditions in the interpulse phases. The model parameters, such as the over- lap factor r of two successive convective thermal pulses, the mass ratio q of the 13C shell with respect to the He intershell, and the effective mass of 13C in the 13C shell, vary with the pulse number. Considering these factors, a calculating method for the distribution of neutron exposures in the He intershell has been presented. This method has the features of simplicity and universality. Using this method, the exposure distribution for the stellar model of a star with the mass of 3 M? and the solar metallicity has been calculated. The results suggest that under the reasonable assumption that the number density of neutrons is uniform in the 13C shell, the ?nal exposure distribution approaches to an exponential distribution. For a stellar model with the de?nite initial mass and metallicity, there is a de?nite relation between the mean neutron exposure τ0 and the neutron exposure Δτ of each pulse, namely τ0 = 0.434λ(q1, q2, …, qmmax +1, …, r1, r2, …, rmmax +1)Δτ, where mmax is the total number of thermal pulses with the third dredge-up episode, and the proportional coeffcient λ(q1, q2, …, qmmax +1, …, r1, r2, …, rmmax +1) can be determined by an exponential curve ?tting to the ?nal exposure distribution. This new formula quantitatively uni?es the classical model with the s-process nu- cleosynthesis model by means of neutron exposure distribution, and makes the classical model continue to offer guidance and constraints to the s-process nu- merical calculations of stellar models.  相似文献   

5.
At present, it is widely believed that anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs), soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs), rotational radio transients (RRATs), compact central objects (CCOs) in supernova remnants, and X-ray dim isolated neutron stars (XDINSs) belong to different classes of anomalous objects in which the central bodies are isolated neutron stars. Previously, we have shown that AXPs and SGRs can be described in terms of the drift model for parameters of the central neutron star typical of radio pulsars (rotation periods P ～ 0.1–1 s and surface magnetic fields B ～ 1011–1013 G). Here, we show that some of the peculiarities of the sources under consideration can be explained by their geometry (in particular, by the angle β between the rotation axis and the magnetic moment). If β ? 10° (an aligned rotator), the drift waves in the outer layers of the neutron star magnetosphere can account for the observed periodicity in the radiation. For large β (a nearly orthogonal rotator), the observed modulation of the radiation and its short bursts can be explained by mass accretion from the ambient medium (e.g., a relic disk).  相似文献   

6.
The reaction of CN? with cyanoacetylene (HC3N), has been studied as a function of the HC3N pressure in a quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. The mass spectra revealed the fast depletion of the CN? parent ion and formation of larger anions of rapidly growing size. Most of the ions observed were found to belong to two series of products: (HC3N)x·C2p+1N? and (HC3N)x·C2pN? resulting from the sequential additions of HC3N molecules and loss of HCN or HCCN molecules. The mechanism and energetics of the first two reaction steps are briefly discussed. The laboratory data are compared with those from the Cassini CAPS-ELS spectrometer. It is believed that the reactions observed could account for the growth of anions in Titan’s ionosphere.  相似文献   

7.
We present results from direct N-body simulations of collisions between gravitational aggregates of varying size as part of a study to parameterize planetesimal growth in the Solar System. We find that as the ratio of projectile to target mass departs from unity, the impact angle has less effect on the outcome. At the same time, the probability of planetesimal growth increases. Conversely, for a fixed impact energy, collisions between impactors with mass ratio near unity are more dispersive than those with impactor mass ratio far from unity. We derive an expression for the accretion probability as a function of mass ratio. For an average mass ratio of 1:5, we find an accretion probability of ∼60% over all impact parameters. We also compute the critical specific dispersal energy Q*D as a function of projectile size. Extrapolating to a projectile size of 1 m with a 1-km target, we find Q*D=103−104 J kg−1, in agreement with several other collision models that use fundamentally different techniques. Our model assumes that the components of each gravitational aggregate are identical and indestructible over the range of sampled impact speeds. In future work we hope to incorporate a simple fracture model to extend the range of applicable speeds and we plan to implement our results in a large-scale planetesimal evolution code.  相似文献   

8.
Gravity field and interior of Rhea from Cassini data analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The Cassini spacecraft encountered Rhea on November 26, 2005. Analysis of the Doppler data acquired at and around closest approach yields the mass of Rhea and the quadrupole moments of its gravity field with unprecedented accuracy. We obtained which corresponds to a density of . Our results for J2 and C22 are (7.947±0.892)×10−4 and (2.3526±0.0476)×10−4, respectively. These values are consistent with hydrostatic equilibrium. From the value of C22, we infer the non-dimensional moment of inertia C/MR2=0.3721±0.0036. Our models of Rhea's interior based on the gravity data favor an almost undifferentiated satellite. A discontinuity between a core and a mantle is possible but not required by the data. Models with a constant silicate mass fraction throughout the body cannot account for the determined quadrupole coefficients. The data exclude fully differentiated models in which the core would be composed of unhydrated silicates and the mantle would be composed of pure ice. If the mantle contains 10% in mass of silicates, the core extends to 630 km in radius and has a silicate mass fraction of 40%. A continuous model in which the silicates are more concentrated toward the center of the body than in the outer layers is allowed by the gravity data but excluded by thermal evolution considerations. The one model that fits the gravity data and is self-consistent when energy transport and ice melting are qualitatively considered is an “almost undifferentiated” Rhea, in which a very large uniform core is surrounded by a relatively thin ice shell containing no rock at all.  相似文献   

9.
A theory for the origin of the solar system, which is based on ideas of supersonic turbulent convection and indicates the possibility that the original Laplacian hypothesis may by valid, is presented. We suggest that the first stage of the Sun's formation consisted of the condensation of CNO ices (i.e. H2O, NH3, CH4,...) and later H2, including He as impurity atoms, at interstellar densities to from a cloud of solid grains. These grains then migrate under gravity to their common centre of mass giving up almost two orders of magnitude of angular momentum through resistive interaction with residual gases which are tied, via the ions, to the interstellar magnetic field. Grains rich in CNO rapidly dominate the centre of the cloud at this stage, both giving up almost all of their angular momentum and forming a central chemical inhomogeneity which may account for the present low solar neutrino flux (Prentice, 1976). The rest of the grain cloud, when sufficiently compressed to sweep up the residual gases and go into free fall, is not threatened by rotational disruption until its mean size has shrunk to about the orbit of Neptune. When the central opacity rises sufficiently to halt the free collapse at central density near 10?13 g cm?3, corresponding to a mean cloud radius of 104 R ⊙, we find that there is insufficient gravitational energy, for the vaporized cloud to acquire a complete hydrostatic equilibrium, even if a supersonic turbulent stress arising from the motions of convective elements becomes important, as Schatzman (1967) has proposed. Instead we suggest that the inner 3–4% of the cloud mass collapses freely all the way to stellar size to release sufficient energy to stabilize the rest of the infalling cloud. Our model of the early solar nebula thus consists of a small dense quasi-stellar core surrounded by a vast tenuous but opaque turbulent convective envelope. Following an earlier paper (Prentice, 1973) we show how the supersonic turbulent stress \((\rho _t v_t ^2 ) = \beta \rho GM(r)/r\) , where β is called the turbulence parameter, ρ is the gas density andM(r) the mass interior to radiusr causes the envelope to become very centrally condensed (i.e. drastically lowers its moment-of-inertia coefficientf) and leads to a very steep density inversion at its photosurface, as well as causing the interior to rotate like a solid body. As the nebula contracts conserving its angular momentum the ratio θ of centrifugal force to gravitational force at the equator steadily increases. In order to maintain pressure equilibrium at its photosurface, material is extruded outwards from the deep interior of the envelope to form a dense belt of non-turbulent gases at the equator which are free of turbulent viscosity. If the turbulence is sufficiently strong, we find that when θ→1 at equatorial radiusR e=R0, corresponding to the orbit of Neptune, the addition of any further mass to the equator causes the envelope to discontinuously withdraw to a new radiusR e>R0, leaving behind the circular belt of gas at the Kepler orbitR 0. The protosun continues to contract inwards, again rotationally stabilizing itself by extruding fresh material to the equator, and eventually abandoning a second gaseous ring at radiusR 1, and so on. If the collapse occurs homologously the sequence of orbital radiiR n of the system of gaseous Laplacian rings satisfy the geometric progression $$R_n /R_{n + 1} = [1 + m/Mf]^2 = constant, n = 0, 1,2, \ldots ,$$ analogous to the Titius-Bode Law of planetary distances, wherem denotes the mass of the disposed ring andM the remaining mass of the envelope. Choosing a ratio of surface to central temperature for the envelope equal to about 10?3 and adjusting the turbulence parameter β～~0.1 so thatR n/Rn+1 matches the observed mean ratio of 1.73, we typically findf=0.01 and that the rings of gas each have about the same mass, namely 1000M ⊕ of the solar material. Detailed calculations which take into account non-homologous behaviour resulting from the changing mass fraction of dissociated H2 in the nebula during the collapse do not appreciably disturb this result. This model of the contracting protosun enables us to account for the observed physical structure and mass distribution of the planetary system, as well as the chemistry. In a later Paper II we shall examine in detail the condensation of the planets from the system of gaseous rings.  相似文献   

10.
This paper presents a new family of interior solutions of Einstein–Maxwell field equations in general relativity for a static spherically symmetric distribution of a charged perfect fluid with a particular form of charge distribution. This solution gives us wide range of parameter, K, for which the solution is well behaved hence, suitable for modeling of superdense star. For this solution the gravitational mass of a star is maximized with all degree of suitability by assuming the surface density equal to normal nuclear density, ρ nm=2.5×1017 kg?m?3. By this model we obtain the mass of the Crab pulsar, M Crab, 1.36M ⊙ and radius 13.21 km, constraining the moment of inertia >?1.61×1038 kg?m2 for the conservative estimate of Crab nebula mass 2M ⊙. And M Crab=1.96M ⊙ with radius R Crab=14.38 km constraining the moment of inertia >?3.04×1038 kg?m2 for the newest estimate of Crab nebula mass, 4.6M ⊙. These results are quite well in agreement with the possible values of mass and radius of Crab pulsar. Besides this, our model yields moments of inertia for PSR J0737-3039A and PSR J0737-3039B, I A =1.4285×1038 kg?m2 and I B =1.3647×1038 kg?m2 respectively. It has been observed that under well behaved conditions this class of solutions gives us the overall maximum gravitational mass of super dense object, M G(max)=4.7487M ⊙ with radius $R_{M_{\max}}=15.24~\mathrm{km}$ , surface redshift 0.9878, charge 7.47×1020 C, and central density 4.31ρ nm.  相似文献   

11.
Expected characteristics of RR Lyrae stars as a function of the evolutive parameters are reported. Results from both evolutionary and pulsational investigations are collected in a suitable form, to show the general constraints to any interpretative analysis of the observations. It is shown that the spread in luminosity among the RR Lyrae stars results a function of the original chemical composition. On this basis a set of independent indications is found, suggesting that the globular cluster ω Cen is more He-rich than M 3; agreement with the whole observational frame is attained ifY ωCen～0.35,Z ωCen～5×10?4 andY M3～0.25,Z M3～10?3. No mass loss is needed to account for the RR Lyrae stars observed in ω Cen. The results are discussed, and it is shown that M 13-type clusters can be just characterized by a larger value ofZ in comparison with ω Cen. It is suggested that variations in the original helium content of the order of ΔY～0.1 and a correlationZ=Z(t) can account for some well-observed galactic globular clusters, without allowing for mass loss in the redder HB stars belonging to each cluster.  相似文献   

12.
The radial dependences of the star formation efficiency??SFE = ??SFR/??gas (per unit disk surface area) in normal surface brightness spiral galaxies and low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies are compared with the radial variations of the gas and stellar disk surface and volume densities. The volume density of the components in the disk midplane is found through a self-consistent solution of the disk equilibrium equations by taking into account the dark halo. The disk thickness variation with radius R is calculated within the model of a galaxy with a marginally stable disk by taking into account the increase of the stability parameter Q T,c along the radius. We show that the star formation efficiency depends weakly (for LSB galaxies, does not depend at all) on the gas density but correlates well with the disk surface and volume density, with the normal and LSB galaxies forming a single sequence. The dependence vanishes only at extremely low disk densities (?? disk ? (1?3) M ?? pc?2, ?? stars ?? (1?3) × 10?24 g cm?3), where star formation probably ceases to be related to disk properties. Estimations of the gas volume density allow us to check the expected form of the ??SFR-?? disk relationship that follows from the model by Ostriker et al., which relates the star formation rate to the pressure of the diffuse gas medium. For most of the galaxies considered, there is satisfactory agreement with the model, except for the densest (of the order of several hundred M ?? pc?2) and least dense (several M?? pc?2 or less) disk regions.  相似文献   

13.
We consider density fluctuations of a two-fluid model consisting of hydrogen plasma and radiation prior to the cosmic hydrogen recombination. As investigation method that of the dispersion relations is applied, which have been derived from the general-relativistic sound-wave equations taking into account the coupling between plasma and radiation carefully. We obtain growing unstable acoustic modes within the mass range 2 · 106 M ⊙ < M < 6 · 10 12 M ⊙. In a second step the coupled differential equations for the amplitudes of the unstable modes are integrated numerically with respect to time where the integration extends from the initial time prior to the hydrogen recombination up to the present time. We find a significant increase of the amplitudes up to 4 orders of magnitude, if the Universe is described by a cosmological model with a positive cosmological constant (Λ ? 2,2 · 10-56 cm-2) and a positive curvature (Lemaître-Universe) without an essential amount of cold dark matter. We conclude that the existence of galaxies confirm these statements.  相似文献   

14.
We have calculated evolutionary and static models of Jupiter and Saturn with homogeneous solar composition mantles and dense cores of material consisting of solar abundances of SiO2, MgO, Fe, and Ni. Evolutionary sequences for Jupiter were calculated with cores of mass 2, 4, 6, and 8% of the Jovian mass. Evolutionary sequences for Saturn were calculated with cores of mass 16, 18, 20, and 22% of total mass. Two envelope mixtures, representative of the solar abundances were used: X (mass fraction of hydrogen) = 0.74, Y (mass fraction of helium) = 0.24 and X = 0.77 and Y = 0.21. For Jupiter, the observations of the temperature at 1 bar pressure (T1bar), radius and internal luminosity were best fit by evolutionary models with a core mass of ～6.5% and chemical composition of X = 0.77, Y = 0.21. The calculated cooling time for Jupiter is approximately 4.9 × 109 years, which is consistent, within our error bars, with the known age of the solar system. For Saturn, the observations of the radius, internal luminosity and T1BAR can be best fit by evolutionary models with a core mass of ～21% and chemical composition of X = 0.77, Y = 0.21. The cooling time calculated for Saturn is approximately 2.6 × 109 years, almost a factor 2 less than the present age of the solar system. Static models of Jupiter and Saturn were calculated for the above chemical compositions in order to investigate the sensitivity of the calculated gravitational moments, J2 and J4, to the mass of the dense core, T1BAR and hydrogen/helium ratio. We find for Jupiter that a model having a core mass of approximately 7% gives values of J2, J4, and T1BAR that are within observational limits, for the mixture X = 0.77, Y = 0.21. The static Jupiter models are completely consistent with the evolutionary results. For Saturn, the quantities J2, J4, and J6 determined from the static models with the most probable T1BAR of 140°K, using modeling procedures which result in consistent models for Jupiter, are considerably below the observed values.  相似文献   

15.
The model of a presupernova’s carbon-oxygen (C-O) core with an initial mass of 1.33 M ⊙, an initial carbon abundance X C (0) =0.27, and a mean rate of increase in mass of 5 × 10?7 M ⊙ yr?1 through accretion in a binary system evolved from the central density and temperature ρc=109 g cm?3 and T c=2.05 × 108K, respectively, by forming a convective core and its subsequent expansion to an explosive fuel ignition at the center. The evolution and explosion equations included only the carbon burning reaction 12C+12C with energy release corresponding to the complete conversion of carbon and oxygen (at the same rate as that of carbon) into 56Ni. The ratio of mixing length to convection-zone size αc was chosen as the parameter. Although the model assumptions were crude, we obtained an acceptable (for the theory of supernovae) pattern of explosion with a strong dependence of its duration on αc. In our calculations with sufficiently large values of this parameter, αc=4.0 × 10?3 and 3.0×10?3, fuel burned in the regime of prompt detonation. In the range 2.0×10?3≥αc≥3.0×10?4, there was initially a deflagration with the generation of model pulsations whose amplitude gradually increased. Eventually, the detonation regime of burning arose, which was triggered from the model surface layers (with m ? 1.33 M ⊙) and propagated deep into the model up to the deflagration front. The generation of model pulsations and the formation of a detonation front are described in detail for αc=1.0 × 10?3.  相似文献   

16.
A numerical method presented by Imshennik et al. (2002) is used to solve the two-dimensional axisymmetric hydrodynamic problem on the formation of a toroidal atmosphere during the collapse of an iron stellar core and outer stellar layers. An evolutionary model from Boyes et al. (1999) with a total mass of 25M⊙ is used as the initial data for the distribution of thermodynamic quantities in the outer shells of a high-mass star. Our computational region includes the outer part of the iron core (without its central part with a mass of 1M⊙ that forms the embryo of a protoneutron star at the preceding stage of the collapse) and the silicon and carbon-oxygen shells with a total mass of (1.8–2.5)M⊙. We analyze in detail the results of three calculations in which the difference mesh and the location of the inner boundary of the computational region are varied. In the initial data, we roughly specify an angular velocity distribution that is actually justified by the final result—the formation of a hydrostatic equilibrium toroidal atmosphere with reasonable total mass, Mtot=(0.117–0.122)M⊙, and total angular momentum, Jtot=(0.445–0.472)×1050 erg s, for the two main calculations. We compare the numerical solution with our previous analytical solution in the form of toroidal atmospheres (Imshennik and Manukovskii 2000). This comparison indicates that they are identical if we take into account the more general and complex equation of state with a nonzero temperature and self-gravitation effects in the atmosphere. Our numerical calculations, first, prove the stability of toroidal atmospheres on characteristic hydrodynamic time scales and, second, show the possibility of sporadic fragmentation of these atmospheres even after a hydrodynamic equilibrium is established. The calculations were carried out under the assumption of equatorial symmetry of the problem and up to relatively long time scales (～10 s).  相似文献   

17.
The Io plasma torus, composed of mostly heavy ions of oxygen and sulfur, is sustained by an Iogenic mass loading rate of ∼1030 amu s−1 = 1.6 × 1028 SO2 s−1 or approximately 103 kg s−1(A.L. Broadfoot et al., 1979, Science 204, 979-982). We argue on the basis of available power sources, reanalysis of F. Bagenal (1997, Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 2111-2114), HST UV remote sensing, and detailed model calculations that at most 20% of this mass leaves Io in the form of ions, i.e., ≤3 × 1027 × (ne,0/3600 cm−3) ions s−1, where ne,0 is the average torus electron density. For the Galileo spacecraft Io pass in December 1995, the ion mass loading rate was ≤3 × 1027 ions s−1, whereas for the Voyager epoch with lower ne,0 (=2000 cm−3), this rate would be ≤1.7 × 1027 ions s−1, consistent with the D.E. Shemansky (1980, Astrophys. J. 242, 1266-1277) mass loading limit of ≤1 × 1027 ions s−1. We investigate the processes that control Io’s large scale electrodynamic interaction and find that the elastic collision rate exceeds the ionization/pickup rate by at least a factor of 5 for all atmospheric column densities considered (1016-1021 m−2) and by a factor of ∼100 for the most realistic column density. Consequently, elastic collisions are mostly responsible for Io’s high conductances and thus generate Io’s large scale electrodynamic interaction such as the generation of Io’s electric current system and the slowing of the plasma flow. The electrodynamic part of Io’s interaction is thus best described as an ionosphere-like interaction rather than a comet-like interaction. An analytic expression for total electron impact rates is derived for Io’s atmosphere, which is independent of any particular model for the 3D interaction of torus electrons with its atmosphere.  相似文献   

18.
The Fabry-Perot interferometer on Dynamics Explorer 2 was used as a low sensitivity photometer to study the O2 Atmospheric A band during the daytime. A study of the brightness of the emission showed that the assumed source of O2(b1Σg+) in the thermosphere, O(1D), can account for the observed intensity up to about 250 km but with a significantly different scale height. This combined with an enhanced brightness above this altitude suggests an additional source for this emission.  相似文献   

19.
《New Astronomy》2007,12(2):95-103
Low metallicity very massive stars with an initial mass between 140M⊙ and 260M⊙ can be subdivided into two groups: those between 140M⊙ and 200M⊙ which produce a relatively small amount of Fe, and those with a mass between 200M⊙ and 260M⊙ where the Fe-yield ejected during the supernova explosion is enormous. We first demonstrate that the inclusion of the second group into a chemical evolutionary model for the Solar Neighbourhood predicts an early temporal evolution of Fe, which is at variance with observations whereas it cannot be excluded that the first group could have been present. We then show that a low metallicity binary with very massive components (with a mass corresponding to the first group) can be an efficient site of primary 14N production through the explosion of a binary component that has been polluted by the pair instability supernova ejecta of its companion. When we implement these massive binary 14N yields in a chemical evolution model, we conclude that very massive close binaries may be important sites of 14N enrichment during the early evolution of the Galaxy.  相似文献   

20.
The paper presents a new class of parametric interior solutions of Einstein–Maxwell field equations in general relativity for a static spherically symmetric distribution of a charged perfect fluid with a particular form of electric field intensity. This solution gives us wide range of parameter, K (0.69≤K≤7.1), for which the solution is well behaved hence, suitable for modeling of superdense star. For this solution the gravitational mass of a superdense object is maximized with all degree of suitability by assuming the surface density of the star equal to the normal nuclear density ρ nm=2.5×1017kg?m?3. By this model we obtain the mass of the Crab pulsar M Crab=1.401M ⊙ and the radius, R Crab=12.98 km constraining the moment of inertia I NS,38>1.61 for the conservative estimate of Crab nebula mass 2M ⊙ and M Crab=2.0156M ⊙ with radius, R Crab=14.07 km constraining the moment of inertia I NS,38>3.04 for the newest estimate of Crab nebula mass 4.6M ⊙ which are quite well in agreement with the possible values of mass and radius of Crab pulsar. Besides this, our model yields the moments of inertia for PSR J0737-3039A and PSR J0737-3039B are I A,38=1.4624 and I B,38=1.2689 respectively. It has been observed that under well behaved conditions this class of parametric solution gives us the maximum gravitational mass of causal superdense object 2.8020M ⊙ with radius 14.49 km, surface redshift z R =0.4319, charge Q=4.67×1020 C, and central density ρ c =2.68ρ nm.  相似文献   

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