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1.
《天文学报》2017,(3)
伽玛暴νfν谱的峰值能量E_p是伽玛暴的一个很重要的观测物理量,观测系中伽玛暴νf_ν谱的峰值能量Ep分布很宽.根据各向同性光度L_(iso)、初始洛伦兹因子Γ_0和暴源系中峰值能量E_p,z之间的关系式估算伽玛暴的初始洛伦兹因子Γ_0,再把伽玛暴νf_ν谱的峰值能量E_p和光度L_(iso)修正到共动坐标系,发现共动系中峰值能量的分布还是很宽.这意味着观测系中E_p的宽分布可能是伽玛暴的真实物理分布.检验了共动坐标系中光度和峰值能量之间的关系,发现它们之间仍然存在相关性.最后,进一步对伽玛暴的辐射物理进行限制,认为共动坐标系中峰值能量分布很宽可能是由于辐射电子的洛伦兹因子γ_e分布很宽. 相似文献
2.
The angular distribution of gamma-ray burst(GRB)jets is not yet clear.The observed luminosity of GRB 170817A is the lowest among all known short GRBs,which is best explained by the fact that our line of sight is outside of the jet opening angle,θ_(obs)θ_j,whereθ_(obs) is the angle between our line of sight and the jet axis.As inferred by gravitational wave observations,as well as radio and X-ray afterglow modeling of GRB 170817A,it is likely that θ_(obs)~20°–28°.In this work,we quantitatively consider two scenarios of angular energy distribution of GRB ejecta:a top-hat jet and a structured jet with a power law index s.For the top-hat jet model,we get a large θ_j(e.g.,θ_j10°),a rather high local (i.e., z 0.01) short GRB rate ~8–15×10~3 Gpc~(-3)yr~(-1((estimated to be 90~1850 Gpc~(-3)yr~(-1) in Fong et al.)and an extremely high(on-axis,V(~500 ke V for a typical short GRB).For the structured jet model,we use θ_(obs) to give limits on s and θ_j for typical on-axis luminosity of a short GRB(e.g.,10~(49)erg s(-1) 1051erg s(-1)),and a low on-axis luminosity case(e.g.,1049erg s(-1))gives more reasonable values of s.The structured jet model is more feasible for GRB170817A than the top-hat jet model due to the rather high local short GRB rate,and the extremely high on-axis E_(peak,0) almost rules out the top-hat jet model.GRB 170817A is likely a low on-axis luminosity GRB(1049erg s(-1))with a structured jet. 相似文献
3.
《天文学进展》2015,(3)
在Li-Paczynski新星(LP新星)模型被提出以及短暴的余辉被确认后,人们就积极地在短暴的光学(或光学-近红外)对应体中寻找LP新星存在的证据。第2章总结2013年之前的观测结果。第3、4章分别介绍短暴GRB 130603B、GRB 060614的基本性质与它们的近红外对应体的解释,它们的近红外超可能是LP新星存在的信号。第5章介绍短暴GRB 080503的基本性质以及它的光学对应体与X射线对应体的解释,它的光学与X射线光变曲线的晚期再增亮被解释为中子星并合之后的磁星加热的喷射物辐射(Merger-Nova辐射)。如果对于以上短暴伴随的光学-近红外对应物的解释正确,那么它们就给出了短暴与一些特殊的长暴来自致密星并合的第一批证据。除产生LP新星(与Merger-Novae)外,致密星并合之前的高速轨道运动与并合自身都将产生强烈的引力波暴(Gravitational-Wave Bursts,GWBs)。随着引力波时代的到来,致密星并合对应的各种电磁波现象的理论研究与观测受到更加密集的关注。由于引力波暴定位的不确定性较大,因此伴随引力波暴的LP新星可以作为引力波暴精确定位的最佳候选者之一。正在快速发展的高频度宽场光学-近红外巡天将对LP新星等现象进行富有成效的探索,并与引力波探测研究互相影响。因此,我们在最后介绍未来探测LP新星的方法及其多信使探测的前景。 相似文献
4.
《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2021,(10)
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are brief,intense,gamma-ray flashes in the universe,lasting from a few milliseconds to a few thousand seconds.For short gamma-ray bursts (s GRBs) with duration less than 2 seconds,the isotropic energy (E_(iso)) function may be more scientifically meaningful and accurately measured than the luminosity (L_p) function.In this work we construct,for the first time,the isotropic energy function of s GRBs and estimate their formation rate.First,we derive the L_p-E_pcorrelation using22 s GRBs with known redshifts and well-measured spectra and estimate the pseduo redshifts of 334 Fermi s GRBs.Then,we adopt the Lynden-Bell c~-method to study isotropic energy functions and formation rate of s GRBs without any assumption.A strong evolution of isotropic energy E_(iso)∝(1+z)~(5.79)is found,which is comparable to that between L_pand z.After removing effect of the cosmic evolution,the isotropic energy function can be reasonably fitted by a broken power law,which isφ(E_(iso,0))∝E~(-0)_(iso),._0~(45)for dim s GRBs andφ(E_(iso,0))∝E~(-1)_(iso),._0~(11)for bright s GRBs,with the break energy 4.92×10~(49)erg.We obtain the local formation rate of s GRBs is about 17.43 events Gpc~(-3)yr~(-1).If assuming a beaming angle is 6?to 26?,the local formation rate including off-axis s GRBs is estimated asρ_(0,all)=155.79-3202.35 events Gpc~(-3)yr~(-1). 相似文献
5.
6.
VLBI观测表明,TeV伽马射线Blazar(耀变体)的喷流运动视速度远小于MeV/GeV伽马射线Blazar,然而TeV伽马射线辐射流量的快速变化却要求这些Blazar的相对论喷流速度与MeV/GeV Blazar的相当.对于这一矛盾,目前有多种解释.为了检验这些模型,我们收集了VLBI对Blazar喷流运动的监测数据,样本包括86个FSRQs(平谱射电类星体)、22个BL Lac天体,共108个Blazar;从统计上研究了,该样本中各Blazar最大视速度喷流节点的位置与射电光度相关关系.结果表明,Blazar最大视速度喷流节点的位置与射电光度有较强的相关关系,随着Blazar射电光度的减小,喷流中最大视速度VLBI节点的位置到VLBI核的距离逐渐变小.这意味着,TeV伽马源(低光度Blazar)的喷流减速区距离VLBI核较近,喷流从高能辐射区到VLBI可分辨尺度已经减速,支持减速喷流模型对TeV伽马射线Blazar上述矛盾的解释. 相似文献
7.
8.
BATSE(Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory/Bursts and Transient SourceExperiment)、Swift(Swift Gamma-ray Burst Explorer)和Fermi卫星(Fermi GammaraySpace Telescope)提供了大量的GRB样本.研究比较3种仪器观测的暴的特征,发现虽然有红移暴的数目、所有暴中长暴的比例以及光子流量分布(lgN-lgP分布)等有显著差异,但是暴的持续时间、伽玛辐射总流量、谱硬度比等均没有显著差异.考虑Swift和Fermi暴的观测能段不同,进行修正以后,发现lgN-lgP分布的差异也基本消除.有红移暴的数目、长暴占总暴数的比例是由仪器本身的灵敏度决定的,即不同仪器决定不同GRB的观测特征,但是它们的本质是一致的. 相似文献
9.
利用Union2 557个Ia型超新星数据限制宇宙学参数qo、jo和so,在红移z≤1.4范围内校准5个γ暴(gamma-ray burst,GRB)光度关系.假设γ暴光度关系不随红移演化,得到66个高红移γ暴的距离模数.最后综合利用宇宙微波背景(Cosmic Microwave Background,CMB)辐射观测数据、重子声波震荡(Baryon AcousticOscillations,BAO)观测数据与116个具有红移的γ暴数据限制几个常见的暗能量模型.根据贝叶斯判据(Bayesian Information Criterion,BIC),发现ACDM模型是最好的模型;根据Akaike判据(Akaike Information Criterion,AIC),发现JBP模型是最好的模型. 相似文献
10.
《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2017,(6)
X-ray flares are the most common phenomena in the afterglow phase of gamma-ray bursts(GRBs) in the Swift era,and are known as a canonical component in X-ray afterglows.In this work,we constrain the Lorentz factor of X-ray flares with an updated sample.We extensively search for X-ray light curves showing flare and jet break simultaneously.A smooth broken power law function is used to fit the jet breaks in 11 GRBs.We also use a smooth broken power law function to fit the profile of X-ray flares,and the total number of the flares is 20.We obtain the lower and upper limits of Lorentz factor(Γ_X) with the timescale,half-opening angle and mean luminosity of the X-ray flares for interstellar medium(ISM) and wind cases.The lower limits on Γ_X range from tens to a few hundred,and the upper limits are mainly about a few hundred.We also apply the limited Lorentz factor to test correlations of Γ_0-E_(γ,iso) and Γ_0-L_(γ,iso) for GRBs,and find X-ray flares in the ISM case are much more consistent with those of prompt emission than the wind case in a statistical sense for both correlations.X-ray flares are almost consistent with the trend in the correlations of Γ_0-E__(γ,iso)(L_(γ,iso)) for prompt GRBs,indicating X-ray flares and prompt bursts may have the same physical origin. 相似文献
11.
I. Horváth B. G. Tóth J. Hakkila L. V. Tóth L. G. Balázs I. I. Rácz S. Pintér Z. Bagoly 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2018,363(3):53
GRB 170817A, associated with the LIGO-Virgo GW170817 neutron-star merger event, lacks the short duration and hard spectrum of a Short gamma-ray burst (GRB) expected from long-standing classification models. Correctly identifying the class to which this burst belongs requires comparison with other GRBs detected by the Fermi GBM. The aim of our analysis is to classify Fermi GRBs and to test whether or not GRB 170817A belongs—as suggested—to the Short GRB class. The Fermi GBM catalog provides a large database with many measured variables that can be used to explore gamma-ray burst classification. We use statistical techniques to look for clustering in a sample of 1298 gamma-ray bursts described by duration and spectral hardness. Classification of the detected bursts shows that GRB 170817A most likely belongs to the Intermediate, rather than the Short GRB class. We discuss this result in light of theoretical neutron-star merger models and existing GRB classification schemes. It appears that GRB classification schemes may not yet be linked to appropriate theoretical models, and that theoretical models may not yet adequately account for known GRB class properties. We conclude that GRB 170817A may not fit into a simple phenomenological classification scheme. 相似文献
12.
The gamma-ray burst GR170817 A associated with GW170817 is subluminous and subenergetic compared with other typical short gamma-ray bursts. It may be due to a relativistic jet viewed off-axis, or a structured jet or cocoon emission. Giant flares from magnetars may possibly be ruled out.However, the luminosity and energetics of GRB 170817 A are coincident with those of magnetar giant flares. After the coalescence of a binary neutron star, a hypermassive neutron star may be formed. The hypermassive neutron star may have a magnetar-strength magnetic field. During the collapse of this hypermassive neutron star, magnetic field energy will also be released. This giant-flare-like event may explain the luminosity and energetics of GRB 170817 A. Bursts with similar luminosity and energetics are expected in future neutron star-neutron star or neutron star-black hole mergers. 相似文献
13.
Pozanenko A. S. Minaev P. Yu. Grebenev S. A. Chelovekov I. V. 《Astronomy Letters》2019,45(11):710-727
The results of observations of the gravitational-wave (GW) event S190425z recorded by the LIGO/Virgo detectors with the anti-coincidence shield (ACS) of the SPI gamma-ray spectrometer onboard the INTEGRAL observatory are presented. With a high probability (>99%) it was associated with a neutron star (NS) merger in a close binary system. This is only the second event of such a type in the history of gravitational-wave observations (after GW170817). A weak gamma-ray burst, GRB190425, consisting of two pulses ～0.5 and ～5.9 s after the NS merger in the event S190425z with an a priori significance of 3.5 and 4.4σ (taken together 5.5σ) was detected by SPI-ACS. Analysis of the SPI-ACS count rate history recorded on these days (a total of ～125 ks of observations) has shown that the rate of random occurrence of two close spikes with the characteristics of GRB190425 does not exceed 6.4 × 10?5 s?1 (i.e., such events occur by chance, on average, every ～4.3 hours). Note that the time profile of GRB190425 has much in common with the profile of GRB170817A accompanying the event GW170817, that both NS mergers were the nearest (≤150 Mpc) of all the events recorded by the LIGO/Virgo detectors, and that no significant excesses of the gamma-ray flux above the background were detected in any of ～30 black hole merger events recorded to date by these detectors. No bursts of hard radiation were detected in the field of view of the SPI and IBIS/ISGRI gamma-ray telescopes onboard INTEGRAL. This, along with the absence of detection of gamma-ray emission from GRB190425 by the GBM gamma-ray burst monitor of the Fermi observatory suggesting its occultation by the Earth, allows the localization region for the source of this GWevent to be reduced significantly. The parameters Eiso and Ep for GRB190425 are estimated and compared with those for GRB170817A.
相似文献14.
《New Astronomy》2020
GRB 170817A was confirmed to be associated with GW170817, which was produced by a neutron star - neutron star merger. It indicates that at least some short gamma-ray bursts come from binary neutron star mergers. Theoretically, it is widely accepted that short gamma-ray bursts can be produced by two distinctly different mechanisms, binary neutron star mergers and neutron star - black hole mergers. These two kinds of bursts should be different observationally due to their different trigger mechanisms. Motivated by this idea, we collect a universal data set constituted of 51 short gamma-ray bursts observed by Swift/BAT, among which 14 events have extended emission component. We study the observational features of these 51 events statistically. It is found that our samples consist of two distinct groups. They clearly show a bimodal distribution when their peak photon fluxes at 15–150 keV band are plotted against the corresponding fluences. Most interestingly, all the 14 short bursts with extended emission lie in a particular region of this plot. When the fluences are plotted against the burst durations, short bursts with extended emission again tend to concentrate in the long duration segment. These features strongly indicate that short gamma-ray bursts really may come from two distinct types of progenitors. We argue that those short gamma-ray bursts with extended emission come from the coalescence of neutron stars, while the short gamma-ray bursts without extended emission come from neutron star - black hole mergers. 相似文献
15.
By now there is no doubt that the gamma-ray bursts (GRB) have a cosmological origin. This allows to regard GRB as the most
powerful known energy sources, ε∼ 1054 erg (with a total number of gamma quanta N_γ∼ 1060). A plausible mechanism of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) of relativistic electrons driven by a local magnetic field
is studied in this paper. We consider relativistic electrons arising in the Compton scattering of a GRB in directions close
to that of the ray from the source to a ground-based observer. The synchrotron pulses from Compton electrons located at different
points on the line between the GRB source and the observer arrive at the observation point simultaneously. This simultaneity
ensures the coherence of the detected radiation. Both molecular clouds in the host galaxy of the GRB and our own Galaxy, as
well as the Earth atmosphere are assumed to be scatterers of the GRB radiation. Signals of each scatterer reach the Earth
surface, and can be detected at radio wavelengths. We estimate the characteristics of this radiation. The comparison of GRB
data with the corresponding information on CSR pulses offers a way to determine some global characteristics of the medium
between the Earth and the GRB source. 相似文献
16.
Lan-Wei Jia Hou-Jun Lü Shu-Jin Hou En-Wei Liang 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2011,32(1-2):309-311
GRB 100418A is a long burst at z?=?0.624 without detection of associated supernova (SN). We present a detailed analysis on this event and discuss possible origins of its multi-wavelength emission. The temporal features of this event is similar to GRB 060614, a well-known nearby long GRB without SN association (possibly a Type I GRB), indicating that the two events may be cosmic twins. However, both the circum-burst medium density and the GRB classification based on the gamma-ray energy and spectrum suggest that GRB 100418A would be a Type II GRB. These results make a great puzzle on the progenitors of this kind of events, if they belong to the same population. 相似文献
17.
Yu Yun-wei 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2019,43(2):178-198
The neutron star-neutron star and neutron star-black hole mergers may cause the intense radiation of high-frequency gravitational waves (GWs), they can also produce various electromagnetic emissions by ejecting materials outwards. Therefore, these merger events are the most important targets of current multi-messenger astronomical studies. The thermal transient radiation emitted from merger ejecta is called the kilonova or, more generally, the mergernova, which is powered by the radioactive decays of r-process elements, and the energy injection from the central merger product. This phenomenon was first predicted theoretically by Li and Paczynski in 1998, and confirmed by the optical-infrared observations of the GW170817 event in 2017. As a result, the kilonova/mergernova observation had played a crucial role in locating GW170817, identifying its astrophysical origin, and even constraining the nature of the merger product of this event. This paper briefly reviews the primary progress of kilonova/mergernova researches, including the initiative, improvement, and development of the model, the observational discoveries of candidates, and the optical electromagnetic counterpart of GW170817. 相似文献
18.
Wei-Kang Zheng Jin-Song Deng Meng Zhai Li-Ping Xin Yu-Lei Qiu Jing Wang Xiao-Meng Lu Jian-Yan Wei Jing-Yao Hu 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2008,8(6)
A gamma-ray burst (GRB) optical photometric follow-up system at the Xinglong Observatory of National Astronomical Observatories of China (NAOC) has been constructed. It uses the 0.8-m Tsinghua-NAOC Telescope (TNT) and the 1-m EST telescope, and can au-tomatically respond to GRB Coordinates Network (GCN) alerts. Both telescopes slew rela-tively fast, being able to point to a new target field within ～ 1 min upon a request. Whenever available, the 2.16-m NAOC telescope is also used. In 2006 the system responded to 15 GRBs and detected seven early afterglows. In 2007 six GRBs have been detected among 18 follow-up observations. TNT observations of the second most distant GRB 060927 (z = 5.5) are shown, which started as early as 91 s after the GRB trigger. The afterglow was detected in the combined image of the first 19 × 20 s unfiltered exposures. This GRB follow-up system has joined the East-Asia GRB Follow-up Observation Network (EAFON). 相似文献
19.
A model for gamma-ray bursters which naturally explains the main observational features of GRB is proposed. The GRB turned out to be linked by evolution with a well-known type of astrophysical object. 相似文献
20.
A new procedure for smoothing a gamma-ray burst (GRB) light curve and calculating its variability is presented. Applying the procedure to a sample of 25 long GRBs, we have obtained a very tight correlation between the variability and the peak luminosity. The only significant outlier in the sample is GRB 030329. With this outlier excluded, the data scatter is reduced by a factor of ∼3 compared to that of Guidorzi et al., measured by the deviation of fit. Possible causes for the outlier are discussed. 相似文献