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1.
在分析了近年来对太阳射电爆发与高能质子观测的基础上指出，既非Ⅱ型也非米波ＩＶ型而是强微汉爆发几乎总是同高能质子共生的，这一结果否定了以前长期所持有的观点，同高能质子共生的微汉爆发的分为两类，强脉冲型和强微波ＩＶ型，前者共生的被俘质子或相互作用质了要多于沈逸持子，后者则常共生有更多的逃逸质子，作者对每种情况中质子的有效加速过程进行了考虑，并对强微波爆发的为何几乎总是有高能质了共生的缘由作了解释。 相似文献
2.
根据近年来地面和空间观测资料的统计分析指出：（１）太阳质子事件（或质子耀斑）的发生同起伏剧烈的强微波爆发（包括脉冲和ＩＶμ型爆发）或短分米波ＩＶ型爆发存在着紧密的共生关系（共生率趋近１００％）；（２）约有２４％—３０％的质子事件没有对应的ＩＩ型爆发。这一结果否定了以前认为ＩＩ型爆发中的激波加速是产生质子事件必要条件的看法，进而论证了产生强微波（脉冲或ＩＶ＿μ型）爆发的相对论性电子（≥５００ｋｅｖ）与质子耀斑中的高能质子（＞１０ＭｅＶ）都是在耀斑脉冲相的磁环中受到随机ＭＨＤ湍动加速作用而产生的。那些逃逸到行星际空间的质子流就构成了太阳质子事件。 相似文献
3.
统计分析了太阳质子事件与微波爆发和软Ｘ射线（ＳＸＲ）耀斑间的关系．结果表明：质子事件的峰值流量与微波爆发和ＳＸＲ耀斑的峰值流量、能通量间呈正的对数线性相关,相关系数０．７—０．８．根据这一统计结果和观测的微波爆发、ＳＸＲ耀斑的有关物理量,可以估算伴随的质子事件峰值流量．太阳质子辐射、ＳＸＲ耀斑和微波爆发三者间的共生关系,可以用磁环中耀斑产生的磁流体动力学过程来解释．大约３３％的质子事件没有对应的Ⅱ型爆发,这表明高能质子的加速有随机ＭＨＤ湍流加速（有Ⅱ型暴）和低频快磁声波湍动加速（无Ⅱ型暴,但有γ射线耀斑）２种不同的加速机制 相似文献
4.
太阳射电爆发与高能质子加速过程 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据近年来地面和空间观测资料的统计分析指出：（１）太阳质子事件（或质子耀斑）的发生同起伏剧烈的强微波爆发（包括脉冲和ＩＶμ型爆发）或短分米波ＩＶ型爆发存在着紧密的共生关系（共生率趋近１００％）；（２）约有２４％－３０％的质子事件没有对应的ＩＩ型爆发。这一结果否定了以前认为ＩＩ型爆发中的激波加速是产生质子事件必要条件的看法，进而论证了产生强微波（脉冲或ＩＶμ型）爆发的相对论性电子（≥５００ｋｅＶ）与 相似文献
5.
陈晓娟 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1997,(4)
本文概述了１９８８年１２月１６日特大微波ＩＶμ型爆发的观测待征，以及由ＭＨＤ调制磁流管的磁场强度产生准周期振荡，一部分高能电子被磁场俘获，作同步加速回旋辐射，产生微波型爆发．另一部分高能电子以一定入射角喷注在磁拱上，形成螺距角各向异性的空心束分布，从而激发出电子回旋脉泽辐射（ＥＣＭ），它们的垂直分量的能量便产生了尖峰（ｓｐｉｋｅ）辐射，叠加在微波ＩＶμ型爆发之上．结合怀柔的太阳磁场图，采用双极磁场模型，作出了定量计算． 相似文献
6.
为解释太阳运动IV型射电爆发的相干辐射机制提出一个理论模型．从耀斑中产生的高能电子，可以被扩展上升的太阳磁流管俘获．在磁流管顶部，这些高能电子的速度分布形成为类束流速度分布，激发束流等离子体的不稳定性，并且主要直接放大O模电磁波．不稳定性增长率敏锐地依赖了日冕等离子体参数，fpe／fce和射束温度Tb，这能定性解释在太阳运动IV型射电爆发中观测到的高亮温度和高偏振度，以及宽频谱的特性． 相似文献
7.
微波组合Ⅲ型爆发是指由低频端的微波普通Ⅲ型爆发和同时出现在高频端的微波连续U型爆发构成的组合体。微波连续U型爆发是单个微波U型爆发在同一磁环中的进一步演化的结果,它仍是Ⅲ型爆发的一个次型,因此整个微波组合Ⅲ型爆发也是Ⅲ型爆发的一个次型。微波组合Ⅲ型爆发的辐射源（即高能电子束）来自同一个加速区,只不过在与低日冕区的磁环相互作用中被分离成捕获电子和逃逸电子束,并有不同的运动轨迹,最终同时辐射产生高频端的微波连续U型爆发和低频端的微波普通Ⅲ型爆发.微波组合Ⅲ型爆发的形成与低日冕区的磁环结构密切相关,因而它是微波段的特有现象。 相似文献
8.
概述了１９８８年１２月１６日出现在微波Ⅳ型大爆发上的快变分量观测特征，以及由ＭＨＤ调制磁流管的磁场强度，而产生了１２．５ｍｉｎ和１．２ｍｉｎ的长短准周期振荡，呈部分高能电子被磁场俘获，做同步加速回旋辐射，产生了微波Ⅳ型爆发，另一部分能电子以一定入射角喷注磁拱上，形成螺距角各为异性的空心束分布，其电子回旋不稳定性导致ｓｐｉｋｅ辐射。最后，用慢波模式计算了三个频率上的１．２ｍｉｎ的准周期振荡，结果表明 相似文献
9.
本概述了１９８８年１２月１６日特大微波Ⅳμ型爆发的观测特征，以及由ＭＨＤ调制磁流管的磁场强度产生准周期振荡，一部分高能电子被磁场俘获，作同步加速回旋辐射，产生微微汉Ⅳμ型爆发，另一部分高能电子以一定入射角喷注在磁拱上，形成螺距角各向异性的空心束分布，从而激发出电子回旋脉泽辐射（ＥＣＭ），它们的垂直分量的能量便产生了尖峰辐射，叠加在Ⅳμ型爆发之上，结合怀柔的太阳磁场图，采用双极磁场模型，作出了定理 相似文献
10.
射电Ⅳ型运动爆发同日冕物质抛射（ＣＭＥｓ）关系极为密切。本文基于对Ⅳ型运动爆发的研究以及ＣＭＥｓ开放场的物理条件,探讨了ＣＭＥｓ形成及抛射的物理条件。由于磁通量突然喷发,能量大量释放,在ＣＭＥ闭合场中的等离子体被加速,导致高能质子和高能电子被大磁环捕获。随着磁环内的热压Ｐ和磁压Ｐｍ的升高,当β＞βＴ时磁环将炸裂,从而产生ＣＭＥｓ。抛射出的未离化的等离子体团将产生等离子体基波与谐波辐射。随着等离子体的不断离化,高能相对论电子绕开放磁场线作螺旋飞行,这时等离体辐射降到次要地位,回旋同步加速辐射上升到主导地位,这就是射电Ⅳ型运动爆发。如果离化的早,则在微波波段也能看到Ⅳ型运动爆发。这就是微波Ⅳ型爆发,也是微波Ⅳ型爆发罕见的原因。射电运动Ⅳ型爆发源就是日冕抛射的物质。 相似文献
11.
Laura Schaefer 《Icarus》2004,169(1):216-241
We modified the MAGMA chemical equilibrium code developed by Fegley and Cameron (1987, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 82, 207-222) and used it to model vaporization of high temperature silicate lavas on Io. The MAGMA code computes chemical equilibria in a melt, between melt and its equilibrium vapor, and in the gas phase. The good agreement of MAGMA code results with experimental data and with other computer codes is demonstrated. The temperature-dependent pressure and composition of vapor in equilibrium with lava is calculated from 1700 to 2400 K for 109 different silicate lavas in the ONaKFeSiMgCaAlTi system. Results for five lavas (tholeiitic basalt, alkali basalt, Barberton komatiite, dunite, and a molten type B1 Ca, Al-rich inclusion) are discussed in detail. The effects of continuous fractional vaporization on chemistry of these lavas and their equilibrium vapor are presented. The predicted abundances (relative to Na) of K, Fe, Si, Al, Ca, and Ti in the vapor equilibrated with lavas at 1900 K are lower than published upper limits for Io's atmosphere (which do not include Mg). We predict evaporative loss of alkalis, Fe, and Si during volcanic eruptions. Sodium is more volatile than K, and the Na/K ratio in the gas is decreased by fractional vaporization. This process can match Io's atmospheric Na/K ratio of 10±3 reported by Brown (2001, Icarus 151, 190-195). Silicon monoxide is an abundant species in the vapor above lavas. Spectroscopic searches are recommended for SiO at IR and mm wavelengths. Reactions of metallic vapors with S- and Cl-bearing volcanic gases may form other unusual gases including MgCl2, MgS, MgCl, FeCl2, FeS, FeCl, and SiS. 相似文献
12.
13.
《中国天文和天体物理学报》2014,(10)
正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews on all branches of astronomy and astrophysics.Reviews are by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length to 6 printed pages).Authors who submit a paper are expected to be able to certify that the paper is original work, 相似文献
14.
Laura Schaefer 《Icarus》2005,173(2):454-468
We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10−6 to 10+1 bars) ranges, which overlap the nominal conditions at Pele (T=1760 K, P=0.01 bars). About 230 compounds of 11 elements (O, S, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I) are considered. The elemental abundances for O, S, Na, K, and Cl are based upon observations. CI chondritic elemental abundances relative to sulfur are used for the other alkalis and halogens (as yet unobserved on Io). We predict the major alkali species in Pele-like volcanic gases and the percentage distribution of each alkali are LiCl (73%), LiF (27%); NaCl (81%), Na (16%), NaF (3%); KCl (91%), K (5%), KF (4%); RbCl (93%), Rb (4%), RbF (3%); CsCl (92%), CsF (6%), Cs (2%). Likewise the major halogen species and the percentage distribution of each halogen are NaF (88%), KF (10%), LiF (2%); NaCl (89%), KCl (11%); NaBr (89%), KBr (10%), Br (1%); NaI (61%), I (30%), KI (9%). We predict the major halogen condensates and their condensation temperatures at P=0.01 bar are NaF (1115 K), LiF (970 K); NaCl (1050 K), KCl (950 K); KBr (750 K), RbBr (730 K), CsBr (645 K); and solid I2 (200 K). We also model disequilibrium chemistry of the alkalis and halogens in the volcanic plume. Based on this work and our prior modeling for Na, K, and Cl in a volcanic plume, we predict the major loss processes for the alkali halide gases are photolysis and/or condensation onto grains. Their estimated photochemical lifetimes range from a few minutes for alkali iodides to a few hours for alkali fluorides. Condensation is apparently the only loss process for elemental iodine. On the basis of elemental abundances and photochemical lifetimes, we recommend searching for gaseous KCl, NaF, LiF, LiCl, RbF, RbCl, CsF, and CsCl around volcanic vents during eruptions. Based on abundance considerations and observations of brown dwarfs we also recommend a search of Io's extended atmosphere and the Io plasma torus for neutral and ionized Li, Cs, Rb, and F. 相似文献
15.
16.
In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of Born–Infeld (B–I) phantom model in the ω–ω′ plane, which is defined by the equation of state parameter for the dark energy and its derivative with respect to N (the logarithm of the scale factor a). We find the scalar field equation of motion in ω–ω′ plane, and show mathematically the property of attractor solutions which correspond to ω
φ
∼−1, Ω
φ
=1, which avoid the “Big rip” problem and meets the current observations well.
相似文献
17.
In astronomical observations at optical wavelengths, a fast image tracking system can be adopted to reduce the effects of the atmospheric seeing and telescopic tracking error, and therefore improve the observing efficiency. Aiming at the need of astronomical observations, totally 5 kinds of algorithms in two categories were selected to make a comparative study on their accuracies and stabilities under different noise conditions by both numerical experiment and laboratory test. The results indicate that the normalized cross-correlation method and barycenter method have not only a higher accuracy but also a better reliability against interferences, they will be applied to the high-resolution spectrograph of the Xinglong 2.16 m telescope and the scienti?c instruments of the SONG (Stellar Observations Network Group) project, respectively. 相似文献
18.
Marcelo Samuel Berman 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2008,314(1-3):79-82
A combined BCDE (Brans-Dicke and Einstein-Cartan) theory with lambda-term is developed through Raychaudhuri’s equation, for
inflationary scenario. It involves a variable cosmological constant, which decreases with time, jointly with energy density,
cosmic pressure, shear, vorticity, and Hubble’s parameter, while the scale factor, total spin and scalar field increase exponentially.
The post-inflationary fluid resembles a perfect one, though total spin grows, but the angular speed does not (Astrophys. Space
Sci. 312: 275, 2007d).
相似文献
19.
Yehouda Enzel Rivka Amit Uri Dayan Onn Crouvi Ron Kahana Baruch Ziv David Sharon 《Global and Planetary Change》2008,60(3-4):165-192
Modern-day synoptic-scale eastern Mediterranean climatology provides a useful context to synthesize the diverse late Pleistocene (60–12 ka) paleohydrologic and paleoenvironmental indicators of past climatic conditions in the Levant and the deserts to its south and east. We first critically evaluate, extract, and summarize paleoenvironmental and paleohydrologic records. Then, we propose a framework of eastern Mediterranean atmospheric circulation features interacting with the morphology and location of the southeast Mediterranean coast. Together they strongly control the spatial distribution of rainfall and wind pattern. This cyclone–physiography interaction enforces the observed rainfall patterns by hampering rainfall generation south and southeast of the latitude of the north Sinai coast, currently at 31°15′.The proposed framework explains the much-increased rains in Lebanon and northern Israel and Jordan as deduced from pollen, rise and maintenance of Lake Lisan, and speleothem formation in areas currently arid and semiarid. The proposed framework also accounts for the southward and eastward transition into semiarid, arid, and hyperarid deserts as expressed in thick loess accumulation at the deserts' margins, dune migration from west to east in the Sinai and the western Negev, and the formation of hyperarid (< 80 mm yr− 1) gypsic–salic soils in the southern Negev and Sinai. Our climatic synthesis explains the hyperarid condition in the southern Negev, located only 200–250 km south of the much-increased rains in the north, probably reflecting a steeper rainfall gradient than the present-day gradient from the wetter Levant into its bordering southern and eastern deserts.At present, the rainiest winter seasons in Lebanon and northern and central Israel are associated with more frequent (+ 20%), deeper Cyprus Lows traversing the eastern Mediterranean at approximately the latitude of southern Turkey. Even these wettest years in northern Israel do not yield above average annual rainfall amounts in the hyperarid southern Negev. This region is mainly influenced by the Active Red Sea Troughs that produce only localized rains. The eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows also produce more dust storms and transport higher amounts of suspended dust to the loess area than any other atmospheric pattern. Concurrent rainfall and dust are essential to the late Pleistocene formation of the elongated thick loess zone along the desert northern margin. Even with existing dust storms, the lack of rain and very sparse vegetation account for the absence of late Pleistocene loess sequences from the southern Negev and the formation of hyperarid soils.When the north Sinai coast shifted 30–70 km northwest due to last glacial global sea level lowering, the newly exposed coastal areas supplied the sand and dust to these active eastern Mediterranean cyclones. This enforced the latitude of the northern boundary of the loess zone to be directly due east of the LGM shoreline. This shift of coast to the northwest inhibited rainfall in the southern Levant deserts and maintained their hyperaridity. Concurrently, frequent deep eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows were funneled along the northern Mediterranean increasing (probably doubling) the rains in central and northern Israel, Lebanon, southwestern Syria and northern Jordan. These storms and rains formed lakes, forests, and speleothems only a short distance north of the deserts in the southern Levant. 相似文献
20.
Philippe Stee 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,286(1-2):225-236
Interferometry in the visible provides milliarcsecond spatial resolution and thus has been used for studying the circumstellar
environment of active hot stars. In this paper I will illustrate how the visibility modulus and phase can be used to better
constrain the physics of Be disks through results from the VLA, the MkII and the GI2T interferometers. I will insist on the
importance and the potential of coupling high angular resolution with high spectral resolution to the study of Be shells.
Finally I will present a possible study of the circumstellar disk of Be stars using the VLTI.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献