共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 687 毫秒
1.
Knowledge of solar spectral irradiance (SSI) is important in determining the impact of solar variability on climate. Observations of UV SSI have been made by the Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SUSIM) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), the Solar-Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE), and the Solar Irradiance Monitor (SIM), both on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite. Measurements by SUSIM and SORCE overlapped from 2003 to 2005. SUSIM and SORCE observations represent ～?20 years of absolute UV SSI. Unfortunately, significant differences exist between these two data sets. In particular, changes in SORCE UV SSI measurements, gathered at moderate and minimum solar activity, are a factor of two greater than the changes in SUSIM observations over the entire solar cycle. In addition, SORCE UV SSI have a substantially different relationship with the Mg ii index than did earlier UV SSI observations. Acceptance of these new SORCE results impose significant changes on our understanding of UV SSI variation. Alternatively, these differences in UV SSI observations indicate that some or all of these instruments have changes in instrument responsivity that are not fully accounted for by the current calibration. In this study, we compare UV SSI changes from SUSIM with those from SIM and SOLSTICE. The primary results are that (1) long-term observations by SUSIM and SORCE generally do not agree during the overlap period (2003?–?2005), (2) SUSIM observations during this overlap period are consistent with an SSI model based on Mg ii and early SUSIM SSI, and (3) when comparing the spectral irradiance for times of similar solar activity on either side of solar minimum, SUSIM observations show slight differences while the SORCE observations show variations that increase with time between spectra. Based on this work, we conclude that the instrument responsivity for SOLSTICE and SIM need to be reevaluated before these results can be used for climate-modeling studies. 相似文献
2.
An understanding of solar variability over a broad spectral range and broad range of timescales is needed by scientists studying Earth’s climate. The Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM), is designed to measure solar spectral irradiance (SSI) with unprecedented accuracy from 200 nm to 2400 nm. SIM started daily observations in March 2018. To maintain its accuracy over the course of its anticipated 5-year mission and beyond, TSIS SIM needs to be corrected for optical degradation, common for solar viewing instruments. The differing long-term trends of various independent solar-irradiance records attest to the challenge at hand.
The correction of TSIS SIM for optical degradation is based on piecewise linear fits that bring the three instrument channels into agreement. It is fundamentally different to the correction applied to the TSIS SIM predecessor on SORCE. The correction facilitates reproducibility, uncertainty estimation and is measurement-based. Corrected, integrated TSIS SIM SSI agrees with independent observations of total solar irradiance to within 45 ppm as well as various solar-irradiance models. TSIS SIM SSI is available at: http://lasp.colorado.edu/lisird/.
相似文献3.
The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) Mission for the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) is an advanced study of Earth's long-term global changes of solid Earth, its atmosphere,
and oceans and includes a coordinated collection of satellites, data systems, and modeling. The EOS program was conceived
in the 1980s as part of NASA's Earth System Enterprise (ESE). The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) is one of
about 20 missions planned for the EOS program, and the SORCE measurement objectives include the total solar irradiance (TSI)
and solar spectral irradiance (SSI) that are two of the 24 key measurement parameters defined for the EOS program. The SORCE
satellite was launched in January 2003, and its observations are improving the understanding and generating new inquiry regarding
how and why solar variability occurs and how it affects Earth's energy balance, atmosphere, and long-term climate changes. 相似文献
4.
Gary Rottman 《Solar physics》2005,230(1-2):7-25
The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite carries four scientific instruments that measure the solar radiation
at the top of the Earth's atmosphere. The mission is an important flight component of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS),
which in turn is the major observational and scientific element of the U.S. Global Change Research Program. The scientific
objectives of SORCE are to make daily measurements of the total solar irradiance and of spectral solar irradiance from 120
to 2000 nm with additional measurements of the energetic X-rays. Solar radiation provides the dominant energy source for the
Earth system and detailed understanding of its variation is essential for atmospheric and climate studies. SORCE was launched
on January 25, 2003 and has an expected lifetime through the next solar minimum in about 2007. The spacecraft and all instruments
have operated flawlessly during the first 2 years, and this paper provides an overview of the mission and discusses the contributions
that SORCE is making to improve understanding of the Sun's influence on the Earth environment. 相似文献
5.
Aparicio A. J. P. Lefèvre L. Gallego M. C. Vaquero J. M. Clette F. Bravo-Paredes N. Galaviz P. Bautista M. L. 《Solar physics》2018,293(12):1-23
The Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) instrument on board the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) performs daily measurements of the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) from 200 to 2400 nm. Both temporal and spectral corrections for instrument degradation have been built on physical models based on comparison of two independent channels with different solar exposure. The present study derives a novel correction for SIM degradation using the total solar irradiance (TSI) measurements from the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) on SORCE. The correction is applied to SIM SSI data from September 2004 to October 2012 over the wavelength range from 205 nm to 2300 nm. The change in corrected, integrated SSI agrees within \(0.1~\mbox{W}\,\mbox{m}^{-2}\) (\(1\sigma\)) with SORCE TIM TSI and independently shows agreement with the SATIRE-S and NRLSSI2 solar models within measurement uncertainties.
相似文献6.
The solar soft X-ray (XUV) radiation is highly variable on both short-term time scales of minutes to hours due to flares and
long-term time scales of months to years due to solar cycle variations. Because of the smaller X-ray cross sections, the solar
XUV radiation penetrates deeper than the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths and thus influences the photochemistry and
ionization in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The XUV Photometer System (XPS) aboard the Solar Radiation and Climate
Experiment (SORCE) is a set of photometers to measure the solar XUV irradiance shortward of 34 nm and the bright hydrogen
emission at 121.6 nm. Each photometer has a spectral bandpass of about 7 nm, and the XPS measurements have an accuracy of
about 20%. The XPS pre-flight calibrations include electronics gain and linearity calibrations in the laboratory over its
operating temperature range, field of view relative maps, and responsivity calibrations using the Synchrotron Ultraviolet
Radiation Facility (SURF) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The XPS in-flight calibrations include
redundant channels used weekly and underflight rocket measurements from the NASA Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Energetics-Dynamics
(TIMED) program. The SORCE XPS measurements have been validated with the TIMED XPS measurements. The comparisons to solar
EUV models indicate differences by as much as a factor of 4 for some of the models, thus SORCE XPS measurements could be used
to improve these models. 相似文献
7.
M. Meftah L. Damé D. Bolsée N. Pereira D. Sluse G. Cessateur A. Irbah A. Sarkissian D. Djafer A. Hauchecorne S. Bekki 《Solar physics》2017,292(8):101
The solar spectrum is a key parameter for different scientific disciplines such as solar physics, climate research, and atmospheric physics. The SOLar SPECtrometer (SOLSPEC) instrument of the Solar Monitoring Observatory (SOLAR) payload onboard the International Space Station (ISS) has been built to measure the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) from 165 to 3088 nm with high accuracy. To cover the full wavelength range, three double-monochromators with concave gratings are used. We present here a thorough analysis of the data from the third channel/double-monochromator, which covers the spectral range between 656 and 3088 nm. A new reference solar spectrum is therefore obtained in this mainly infrared wavelength range (656 to 3088 nm); it uses an absolute preflight calibration performed with the blackbody of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). An improved correction of temperature effects is also applied to the measurements using in-flight housekeeping temperature data of the instrument. The new solar spectrum (SOLAR–IR) is in good agreement with the ATmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS?3) reference solar spectrum from 656 nm to about 1600 nm. However, above 1600 nm, it agrees better with solar reconstruction models than with spacecraft measurements. The new SOLAR/SOLSPEC measurement of solar spectral irradiance at about 1600 nm, corresponding to the minimum opacity of the solar photosphere, is 248.08 ± 4.98 mW?m?2?nm?1 (1?\(\sigma\)), which is higher than recent ground-based evaluations. 相似文献
8.
D. Bolsée N. Pereira W. Decuyper D. Gillotay H. Yu P. Sperfeld S. Pape E. Cuevas A. Redondas Y. Hernandéz M. Weber 《Solar physics》2014,289(7):2433-2457
We describe an instrument dedicated to measuring the top of atmosphere (TOA) solar spectral irradiance (SSI) in the near-infrared (NIR) between 600 nm and 2300 nm at a resolution of 10 nm. Ground-based measurements are performed through atmospheric NIR windows and the TOA SSI values are extrapolated using the Bouguer–Langley technique. The interest in this spectral range arises because it plays a main role in the Earth’s radiative budget and also because it is employed to validate models used in solar physics. Moreover, some differences were observed between recent ground-based and space-based instruments that take measurements in the NIR and the reference SOLSPEC(ATLAS3) spectrum. In the 1.6 μm region, the deviations vary from 6 % to 10 %. Our measuring system named IRSPERAD has been designed by Bentham (UK) and has been radiometrically characterized and absolutely calibrated against a blackbody at the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy and at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (Germany), respectively. A four-month measurement campaign was carried out at the Izaña Atmospheric Observatory (Canary Islands, 2367 m a.s.l.). A set of top-quality solar measurements was processed to obtain the TOA SSI in the NIR windows. We obtained an average standard uncertainty of 1 % for 0.8 μm<λ<2.3 μm. At 1.6 μm, corresponding to the minimum opacity of the solar photosphere, we obtained an irradiance of 234.31±1.29 mWm?2?nm?1. Between 1.6 μm and 2.3 μm, our measurements show a disagreement varying from 6 % to 8 % relative to ATLAS3, which is not explained by the declared standard uncertainties of the two experiments. 相似文献
9.
M. Meftah D. Bolsée L. Damé A. Hauchecorne N. Pereira A. Irbah S. Bekki G. Cessateur T. Foujols R. Thiéblemont 《Solar physics》2016,291(12):3527-3547
Accurate measurements of the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) and its temporal variations are of primary interest to better understand solar mechanisms, and the links between solar variability and Earth’s atmosphere and climate. The SOLar SPECtrum (SOLSPEC) instrument of the Solar Monitoring Observatory (SOLAR) payload onboard the International Space Station (ISS) has been built to carry out SSI measurements from 165 to 3088 nm. We focus here on the ultraviolet (UV) part of the measured solar spectrum (wavelengths less than 400 nm) because the UV part is potentially important for understanding the solar forcing of Earth’s atmosphere and climate. We present here SOLAR/SOLSPEC UV data obtained since 2008, and their variations in three spectral bands during Solar Cycle 24. They are compared with previously reported UV measurements and model reconstructions, and differences are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Regular solar spectral irradiance (SSI) observations from space that simultaneously cover the UV, visible (vis), and the near-IR
(NIR) spectral region began with SCIAMACHY aboard ENVISAT in August 2002. Up to now, these direct observations cover less
than a decade. In order for these SSI measurements to be useful in assessing the role of the Sun in climate change, records
covering more than an eleven-year solar cycle are required. By using our recently developed empirical SCIA proxy model, we
reconstruct daily SSI values over several decades by using solar proxies scaled to short-term SCIAMACHY solar irradiance observations
to describe decadal irradiance changes. These calculations are compared to existing solar data: the UV data from SUSIM/UARS,
from the DeLand & Cebula satellite composite, and the SIP model (S2K+VUV2002); and UV-vis-IR data from the NRLSSI and SATIRE
models, and SIM/SORCE measurements. The mean SSI of the latter models show good agreement (less than 5%) in the vis regions
over three decades while larger disagreements (10 – 20%) are found in the UV and IR regions. Between minima and maxima of
Solar Cycles 21, 22, and 23, the inferred SSI variability from the SCIA proxy is intermediate between SATIRE and NRLSSI in
the UV. While the DeLand & Cebula composite provide the highest variability between solar minimum and maximum, the SIP/Solar2000
and NRLSSI models show minimum variability, which may be due to the use of a single proxy in the modeling of the irradiances.
In the vis-IR spectral region, the SCIA proxy model reports lower values in the changes from solar maximum to minimum, which
may be attributed to overestimations of the sunspot proxy used in modeling the SCIAMACHY irradiances. The fairly short timeseries
of SIM/SORCE shows a steeper decreasing (increasing) trend in the UV (vis) than the other data during the descending phase
of Solar Cycle 23. Though considered to be only provisional, the opposite trend seen in the visible SIM data challenges the
validity of proxy-based linear extrapolation commonly used in reconstructing past irradiances. 相似文献
11.
A. V. Shapiro A. I. Shapiro M. Dominique I. E. Dammasch C. Wehrli E. Rozanov W. Schmutz 《Solar physics》2013,286(1):289-301
We analyze the variability of the spectral solar irradiance during the period from 7 January 2010 until 20 January 2010 as measured by the Herzberg channel (190?–?222 nm) of the Large Yield RAdiometer (LYRA) onboard PROBA2. In this period of time, observations by the LYRA nominal unit experienced degradation and the signal produced by the Herzberg channel frequently jumped from one level to another. Both factors significantly complicate the analysis. We present the algorithm that allowed us to extract the solar variability from the LYRA data and compare the results with SORCE/SOLSTICE measurements and with modeling based on the Code for the Solar Irradiance (COSI). 相似文献
12.
G. Schmidtke B. Nikutowski C. Jacobi R. Brunner C. Erhardt S. Knecht J. Scherle J. Schlagenhauf 《Solar physics》2014,289(5):1863-1883
SolACES is part of the ESA SOLAR ISS mission that started aboard the shuttle mission STS-122 on 7 February 2008. The instrument has recorded solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance from 16 to 150 nm during the extended solar activity minimum and the beginning solar cycle 24 with rising solar activity and increasingly changing spectral composition. The SOLAR mission has been extended from a period of 18 months to >?8 years until the end of 2016. SolACES is operating three grazing incidence planar grating spectrometers and two three-current ionization chambers. The latter ones are considered as primary radiometric detector standards. Re-filling the ionization chambers with three different gases repeatedly and using overlapping band-pass filters, the absolute EUV fluxes are derived in these spectral intervals. This way the serious problem of continuing efficiency changes in space-borne instrumentation is overcome during the mission. Evaluating the three currents of the ionization chambers, the overlapping spectral ranges of the spectrometers and of the filters plus inter-comparing the results from the EUV photon absorption in the gases with different absorption cross sections, there are manifold instrumental possibilities to cross-check the results providing a high degree of reliability to the spectral irradiance derived. During the mission a very strong up-and-down variability of the spectrometric efficiency by orders of magnitude is observed. One of the effects involved is channeltron degradation. However, there are still open questions on other effects contributing to these changes. A survey of the measurements carried out and first results of the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) data are presented. Inter-comparison with EUV data from other space missions shows good agreement such that the international effort has started to elaborate a complete set of EUV-SSI data taking into account all data available from 2008 to 2013. 相似文献
13.
T. Hilbig M. Weber K. Bramstedt S. Noël J. P. Burrows J. M. Krijger R. Snel M. Meftah L. Damé S. Bekki D. Bolsée N. Pereira D. Sluse 《Solar physics》2018,293(8):121
This paper describes a new reference solar spectrum retrieved from measurements of the satellite instrument SCIAMACHY in the wavelength region from \(0.24~\upmu\mbox{m}\) to \(2.4~\upmu\mbox{m}\) and its comparison with several other established solar reference spectra. The SCIAMACHY reference spectrum was recorded early in the mission before substantial optical degradation due to the harsh space environment sets in. The radiometric calibration of SCIAMACHY, applied in this study, includes a physical model of the scanner unit. Furthermore, SCIAMACHY’s internal white light source (WLS) is used to correct for on-ground to in-flight changes. The resultant calibrated solar spectrum from SCIAMACHY is in good agreement with several available solar spectral irradiance (SSI) references in the visible spectral range. Strong throughput losses due to detector icing in the near infrared (NIR) are now adequately accounted for. Nevertheless, a deficit with respect to the ATLAS-3 composite and SORCE/SIM SSI is observed in the NIR. However, the SCIAMACHY solar reference spectrum agrees well with the recently re-evaluated SOLAR/SOLSPEC-ISS and recent ground measurements taken at Mauna Loa in the NIR. 相似文献
14.
The Solar–Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment {II (SOLSTICE {II), aboard the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE)
spacecraft, consists of a pair of identical scanning grating monochromators, which have the capability to observe both solar
spectral irradiance and stellar spectral irradiance using a single optical system. The SOLSTICE science objectives are to
measure solar spectral irradiance from 115 to 320 nm with a spectral resolution of 1 nm, a cadence of 6 h, and an accuracy
of 5%, to determine its variability with a long-term relative accuracy of 0.5% per year during a 5-year nominal mission, and
to determine the ratio of solar irradiance to that of an ensemble of bright B and A stars to an accuracy of 2%. Those objectives
are met by calibrating instrument radiometric sensitivity before launch using the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility
at the National Institute for Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland. During orbital operations irradiance measurements
from an ensemble of bright, stable, main-sequence B and A stars are used to track instrument sensitivity. SORCE was launched
on 25 January 2003. After spacecraft and instrument check out, SOLSTICE {II first observed a series of three stars to establish
an on-orbit performance baseline. Since 6 March 2003, both instruments have been making daily measurements of both the Sun
and stars. This paper describes the pre-flight and in-flight calibration and characterization measurements that are required
to achieve the SOLSTICE science objectives and compares early SOLSTICE{II measurements of both solar and stellar irradiance
with those obtained by SOLSTICE {I on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. 相似文献
15.
太阳总辐照是指在地球大气层顶接收到的太阳总辐射照度,也叫"太阳常数",但它实际上并非常数。太阳总辐照随波长的分布即为太阳分光辐照。太阳辐照变化的研究,对理解太阳表面及内部活动的物理过程、机制,研究地球大气、日地关系,解决人类面临的全球气候变暖的挑战等,都具有重要意义。首先简单介绍了太阳辐照,回顾了太阳辐照的空间观测;接着介绍了观测数据的并合,以及对合成数据的一些研究;然后讨论了太阳辐照变化的原因,简述了太阳总辐照的重构及其在气候研究上的一些应用,并进行必要的评论;最后对未来的研究方向提出了一些看法。 相似文献
16.
Owens Mathew Lang Matthew Barnard Luke Riley Pete Ben-Nun Michal Scott Chris J. Lockwood Mike Reiss Martin A. Arge Charles N. Gonzi Siegfried 《Solar physics》2020,295(3):1-15
Solar radiation variability spans a wide range in time, ranging from seconds to decadal and longer. The nearly 40 years of measurements of solar irradiance from space established that the total solar irradiance varies by \(\approx 0.1\%\) in phase with the Sun’s magnetic cycle. Specific intervals of the solar spectrum, e.g., ultraviolet (UV), vary by orders of magnitude more. These variations can affect the Earth’s climate in a complex non-linear way. Specifically, some of the processes of interaction between solar UV radiation and the Earth’s atmosphere involve threshold processes and do not require a detailed reconstruction of the solar spectrum. For this reason a spectral UV index based on the (FUV-MUV) color has been recently introduced. This color is calculated using SORCE SOLSTICE integrated fluxes in the FUV and MUV bands. We present in this work the reconstructions of the solar (FUV-MUV) color and Ca ii K and Mg ii indices, from 1749–2015, using a semi-empirical approach based on the reconstruction of the area coverage of different solar magnetic features, i.e., sunspot, faculae and network. We remark that our results are in noteworthy agreement with latest solar UV proxy reconstructions that exploit more sophisticated techniques requiring historical full-disk observations. This makes us confident that our technique can represent an alternative approach which can complement classical solar reconstruction efforts. Moreover, this technique, based on broad-band observations, can be utilized to estimate the activity on Sun-like stars, that cannot be resolved spatially, hosting extra-solar planetary systems.
相似文献17.
18.
Christopher K. Pankratz Barry G. Knapp Randy A. Reukauf Juan Fontenla Michael A. Dorey Lillian M. Connelly Ann K. Windnagel 《Solar physics》2005,230(1-2):389-413
The SORCE Science Data System produces total solar irradiance (TSI) and spectral solar irradiance (SSI) data products on a
daily basis, which are formulated using measurements from the four primary instruments onboard the SORCE spacecraft. The Science
Data System utilizes raw spacecraft and instrument telemetry, calibration data, and other ancillary information to produce
and distribute a variety of data products that have been corrected for all known instrumental and operational effects. SORCE
benefits from a highly optimized object-oriented data processing system in which all data are stored in a commercial relational
database system, and the software itself determines the versions of data products at run-time. This unique capability facilitates
optimized data storage and CPU utilization during reprocessing activities by requiring only new data versions to be generated
and stored. This paper provides an overview of the SORCE data processing system, details its design, implementation, and operation,
and provides details on how to access SORCE science data products. 相似文献
19.
G. Thuillier G. Schmidtke C. Erhardt B. Nikutowski A. I. Shapiro C. Bolduc J. Lean N. Krivova P. Charbonneau G. Cessateur M. Haberreiter S. Melo V. Delouille B. Mampaey K. L. Yeo W. Schmutz 《Solar physics》2014,289(12):4433-4452
Onboard the International Space Station (ISS), two instruments are observing the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) at wavelengths from 16 to 2900 nm. Although the ISS platform orientation generally precludes pointing at the Sun more than 10?–?14 days per month, in November/December 2012 a continuous period of measurements was obtained by implementing an ISS ‘bridging’ maneuver. This enabled observations to be made of the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) during a complete solar rotation. We present these measurements, which quantify the impact of active regions on SSI, and compare them with data simultaneously gathered from other platforms, and with models of spectral irradiance variability. Our analysis demonstrates that the instruments onboard the ISS have the capability to measure SSI variations consistent with other instruments in space. A comparison among all available SSI measurements during November–December 2012 in absolute units with reconstructions using solar proxies and observed solar activity features is presented and discussed in terms of accuracy. 相似文献
20.
Thomas N. Woods Phillip C. Chamberlin W. K. Peterson R. R. Meier Phil G. Richards Douglas J. Strickland Gang Lu Liying Qian Stanley C. Solomon B. A. Iijima A. J. Mannucci B. T. Tsurutani 《Solar physics》2008,250(2):235-267
Solar soft X-ray (XUV) radiation is highly variable on all time scales and strongly affects Earth’s ionosphere and upper atmosphere;
consequently, the solar XUV irradiance is important for atmospheric studies and for space weather applications. Although there
have been several recent measurements of the solar XUV irradiance, detailed understanding of the solar XUV irradiance, especially
its variability during flares, has been hampered by the broad bands measured in the XUV range. In particular, the simple conversion
of the XUV photometer signal into irradiance, in which a static solar spectrum is assumed, overestimates the flare variations
by more than a factor of two as compared to the atmospheric response to the flares. To address this deficiency in the simple
conversion, an improved algorithm using CHIANTI spectral models has been developed to process the XUV Photometer System (XPS)
measurements with its broadband photometers. Model spectra representative of quiet Sun, active region, and flares are combined
to match the signals from the XPS and produce spectra from 0.1 to 40 nm in 0.1-nm intervals for the XPS Level 4 data product.
The two XPS instruments are aboard NASA’s Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) and Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics, and Dynamics (TIMED) satellites. In addition, the XPS responsivities have been updated for the latest XPS data processing version. The
new XPS results are consistent with daily variations from the previous simple conversion technique used for XPS and are also
consistent with spectral measurements made at wavelengths longer than 27 nm. Most importantly, the XPS flare variations are
reduced by factors of 2 – 4 at wavelengths shorter than 14 nm and are more consistent, for the first time, with atmospheric
response to solar flares. Along with the details of the new XPS algorithm, several comparisons to dayglow and photoelectron
measurements and model results are also presented to help verify the accuracy of the new XUV irradiance spectra. 相似文献