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1.
The explicit forms of the metric as well as the equations of motion in the first-order post-Newtonian approximation are worked out under several gauge conditions. It is noted that the so-called EIH (Einstein, Infeld, and Hoffman) equation of motion for an assembly ofN finite mass points mutually interacting via gravitation is identically obtained under three different gauge conditions, namely the harmonic gauge, Chandrasekhar gauge and a composite Chandrasekhar gauge used by Misneret al. (1970), even though the solutions for the metric are found to be all different. In one case the metric has a component apparently diverging, but finally generates regular affine connections so that the equations of motions become free from any singularity. By use of the Chandrasekhar gauge and his formulation, the second-order contribution to the acceleration of planets in the limit of test particle motion around the Sun has been calculated, the inclusion of which in the EIH set of the equations of motion would extend the relative accuracy of computing the total acceleration of any planet to better than one part in 1017. 相似文献
2.
The Bloomington meteorite, a 67.8 gram veined, brecciated chondrite, fell during the summer of 1938 in Bloomington, Illinois. Its olivine, orthopyroxene and metal compositions (fo69, en74 and Fe52 Ni48 respectively) and its texture identify it as a brecciated LL6 chondrite of shock facies d. Shock melt glasses occur in Bloomington as sparse melt pockets and veins in clasts and as isolated masses in the black, clast-rich matrix. The vein glasses chemically resemble bulk LL-group chondrites and thus appear to reflect total melting of the host meteorite. The melt pocket and matrix glasses, like those described previously in L-group chondrites, have more varied compositions and are typically enriched in normative plagioclase. All glasses that we analyzed in Bloomington have FeO/MgO and Na/Al ratios similar to those of LL-group chondrites, indicating that melting of this meteorite involved neither a significant change in the oxidation state of iron nor loss of sodium to a vapor phase. Bloomington is a monomict breccia whose components formed in place as a result of a single episode of shock and attendant melting. 相似文献
3.
Florent Deleflie Gilles Métris Pierre Exertier 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2006,94(1):83-104
This paper studies the long period variations of the eccentricity vector of the orbit of an artificial satellite, under the
influence of the gravity field of a central body. We use modified orbital elements which are non-singular at zero eccentricity.
We expand the long periodic part of the corresponding Lagrange equations as power series of the eccentricity. The coefficients
characterizing the differential system depend on the zonal coefficients of the geopotential, and on initial semi-major axis,
inclination, and eccentricity. The differential equations for the components of the eccentricity vector are then integrated
analytically, with a definition of the period of the perigee based on the notion of “free eccentricity”, and which is also
valid for circular orbits. The analytical solution is compared to a numerical integration. This study is a generalization
of (Cook, Planet. Space Sci., 14, 1966): first, the coefficients involved in the differential equations depend on all zonal coefficients (and not only on
the very first ones); second, our method applies to nearly circular orbits as well as to not too eccentric orbits. Except
for the critical inclination, our solution is valid for all kinds of long period motions of the perigee, i.e., circulations
or librations around an equilibrium point. 相似文献
4.
Sylvie Charbit Masa Kageyama Didier Roche Catherine Ritz Gilles Ramstein 《Global and Planetary Change》2005,48(4):1887
A coupling procedure between a climate model of intermediate complexity (CLIMBER-2.3) and a 3-dimensional thermo-mechanical ice-sheet model (GREMLINS) has been elaborated. The resulting coupled model describes the evolution of atmosphere, ocean, biosphere, cryosphere and their mutual interactions. It is used to perform several simulations of the Last Deglaciation period to identify the physical mechanisms at the origin of the deglaciation process. Our baseline experiment, forced by insolation and atmospheric CO2, produces almost complete deglaciation of past northern hemisphere continental ice sheets, although ice remains over the Cordilleran region at the end of the simulation and also in Alaska and Eastern Siberia. Results clearly demonstrate that, in this study, the melting of the North American ice sheet is critically dependent on the deglaciation of Fennoscandia through processes involving switches of the thermohaline circulation from a glacial mode to a modern one and associated warming of the northern hemisphere. A set of sensitivity experiments has been carried out to test the relative importance of both forcing factors and internal processes in the deglaciation mechanism. It appears that the deglaciation is primarily driven by insolation. However, the atmospheric CO2 modulates the timing of the melting of the Fennoscandian ice sheet, and results relative to Laurentide illustrate the existence of threshold CO2 values, that can be translated in terms of critical temperature, below which the deglaciation is impeded. Finally, we show that the beginning of the deglaciation process of the Laurentide ice sheet may be influenced by the time at which the shift of the thermohaline circulation from one mode to the other occurs. 相似文献
5.
6.
The integrated analysis of geological, seismological and field observations with lineament data derived from satellite images allows the identification of a possible seismogenic fault zone for an earthquake which occurred near Etne in southwestern Norway, on 29 February 1989. The hypocentre of the earthquake was located at the mid-crust at a depth of 13.8±0.9 km which is typical of small intraplate earthquakes. The Etne earthquake occurred as a result of normal faulting with a dextral strike-slip component on a NW–SE trending fault. Available geological and lineament data indicate correlation of the inferred seismogenic fault with the NW–SE trending Etne fault zone. An aeromagnetic anomaly related to the Etne fault zone forms a regional feature intersecting both Precambrian basement and allochthonous Caledonian rocks. Based on these associations the occurrence of the Etne event is ascribed to the reactivation of a zone of weakness along the Etne fault zone. Slope-instabilities developed in the superficial deposits during the Etne event demonstrate the existence of potentially hazardous secondary-effects of such earthquakes even in low seismicity areas such as southwestern Norway. 相似文献
7.
Analyses of sea level and current-meter data using digital filters and a variety of statistical methods show a variety of phenomena related to non-local coastal forcing and local tidal forcing in the northern reach of San Francisco Bay, a partially mixed estuary. Low-frequency variations in sea level are dominated by non-local variations in coastal sea level and also show a smaller influence from tidally induced fortnightly sea level variations. Low-frequency currents demonstrate a gravitational circulation which is modified by changes in tidal-current speed over the spring-neap tidal cycle. Transients in gravitational circulation induce internal oscillations with periods of two to four days. 相似文献
8.
Investigations were carried out at three underground coal mines in India to study the response of surface structures to underground
blasting and the likelihood of damage to the structures. The structures in the vicinity of the underground blasting area were
single and multistoried residential houses. The amplitudes of vibration due to underground blasting were monitored simultaneously
on the ground surface near the foundation of the structures and on various floors of the structures. The vibrations were also
monitored near the important surface installations. It was observed that the magnitude of vibration in structures decreased
with the increase in the height of the structures. The frequency of blast vibration from underground blasting was higher than
the natural frequency of the structures. Little energy was transmitted into the structures, which caused reduction in the
vibration level in the structures. The reduction in the vibration levels was up to 45% in the houses. It indicates that the
dominant frequency of blast vibration plays an important role in persistence of vibration and its amplification or reduction
characteristics in the structures. This paper deals with the effect of the vibrations on structures/houses standing above
the blasting faces in underground workings and their potential to likely damage to the structures at different Indian geo-mining
conditions. 相似文献
9.
A. B. Roy M. Sc. 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1963,56(1):53-57
Summary The paper deals with the disturbances in an infinite slab of finite thickness, the medium being homogeneous, isotropic and perfectly elastic. 相似文献
10.
Summary The present note, as its title implies, is concerned with the investigation of disturbances in an infinite elastic medium containing an initial magnetic field in the axial direction. The equations ofMaxwell, those of elasticity have been effectively made use of to solve the problem. 相似文献