四川盆地西部富钾卤水水文地球化学特征及其成因意义探讨   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

林耀庭  颜仰基 《盐湖研究》1996,4(1):1-12

四川盆地西部宫钾卤水以深层卤水形式赋存于地下４０００余ｍ的中三叠统雷口坡组四段（Ｔ２ｌ４）盐系的碳酸盐岩储层中。富钾卤水与海水不同浓缩阶段相比，其中含Ｋ＋含量异常高，构成液态钾矿资源；Ｂｒ－、Ｉ－、Ｂ（３＋）、Ｌｉ＋等稀有组分也远超过综合利用工业品位，为优质化工原料水。富钾卤水为沉积变质和钾盐溶滤的复合成因，具有固夜态找钾的指示意义。本文为四川盆地固液态找钾提供了有价值的线索。  相似文献   

面向21世纪的煤化工   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

魏贤勇  高晋生 《华北地质矿产杂志》1996,11(1):1-8

煤炭是中国的主要能源和资源，但同时也是主要的污染源。从保护环境、合理利用有限的化石资源的角度和中国的具体国情考虑，应该大力开发温和化高效煤的新工艺，使煤炭资源逐步由能源型利用转化为材料型利用，近年来，我们在煤的溶剂萃取，脱硫降灰机理，煤相关模型化合物反应，煤焦油中稠环芳香族化合物的分离精制，功能性高分子单体合成及一氧化碳高效吸附剂的制备等方面做了大量的研究工作，结合这些研究工作，本文介绍了煤化工的  相似文献   

Prediction of the abiotic degradability of organic compounds in the troposphere     

Hans Güsten  Leo Klasinc  Dubravko Marić 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1984,2(1):83-93

A statistically relevant correlation between the reaction rate coefficient, k _OH, for the OH radical reaction with 161 organic compounds in the gas phase at 300 K, and the corresponding vertical ionisation energies E _i,v, reveals two classes of compounds: aromatics where –log(k _OH/cm³s^-1)3/2E _i,v(eV)–2 and aliphatics where –log(k _OH/cm³s^-1)4/5E _i,v(eV)+3. The prediction of the rate coefficient, k _OH, for the reaction of OH with organic molecules from the above equations has a probability of about 90%. Assuming a global diurnal mean of the OH radical concentration of 5×10⁵ cm³, the upper limit of the tropospheric half-life of organic compounds and their persistence can be estimated.  相似文献   

胶州湾及其邻近河流中壬基酚等有机污染物的分布特征   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李正炎  傅明珠  卫东 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(6):599-603

为分析青岛胶州湾及其邻近河流中的壬基酚（NP）及其短链氧乙烯醚母体化合物、壬基酚单氧乙烯醚（NP1EO）和壬基酚二氧乙烯醚（NP2EO）的污染状况和分布特征，在研究区域内设置了17个站位分别采集了海水和沉积物样品，样品经萃取、浓缩、净化后采用气质联用仪测定各污染物的浓度。胶州湾水体中的NP、NP1EO和NP2EO的浓度分别为20．2-268．7、11．2-200．4和4．8-32．5ng／L。胶州湾沉积物中上述3种污染物的浓度分别为3．6-299．3、3．8-25．2和4．9-103．2ng／g。胶州湾邻近河流中的污染物浓度远远高于湾内，其中墨水河的污染最严重，水体和沉积物中NP的浓度分别达到28656ng／L和31704ng／g。与世界其他海湾NP等污染物的浓度相比，胶州湾属于严重污染地区之一，已经超出了其生物效应临界浓度。研究区域内50％的站位中NP浓度已经超过导致扇贝苗死亡的临界浓度，10％的站位已经超过引起雄性鱼类雌性化的临界浓度。  相似文献   

The cumulative characteristics of PAEs in PM2.5 in Changji,Northwest China     

Yuyan Liu  Caiye Ji  Bo Fu  Yongxin Yu  Haofeng Liu  Yaxing Shen 《自然地理学》2020,41(4):332-342

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses characteristics of the seasonal variation in phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in the PM_2.5 in the city of Changji, which is located an arid area of Xinjiang Province, northwest China. Samples were collected using a Laoying 2030 median discharge intelligent total suspended particulate (TSP) sampler and analyzed by a Shimadzu GC-2010 gas chromatograph. The results showed that PAEs in PM_2.5 were mainly composed of phthalic acid dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and phthalic acid (2-)ethyl hexyl ester (DEHP). DBP and DEHP are the most commonly used plasticizers, accounting for the majority of plasticizers used, and have large environmental emissions. Compared with the proportions of TSPs, proportions of DBP and DEHP in the PM_2.5 were lower, while the proportions of DMP and DEP were higher. A correlation exists between the distribution of PAEs and the particle size and concentration of atmospheric particulates. Seasonal variations in DBP and DEHP were the same, with lowest concentrations in the summer. Although seasonal variation in DMP was not the same as those of DBP and DEHP, the general trend was similar. Seasonal variation in DEP was different from those of other PAEs. This pattern is related to PAE characteristics and seasonal variations in their sources.  相似文献   

Potential Impact of Production Chemicals on the Toxicity of Produced Water Discharges from North Sea Oil Platforms   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

S.B. Henderson  S.J.W. Grigson  P. Johnson  B.D. Roddie 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,38(12):1229-1151

Production chemicals are used on offshore oil production platforms to prevent corrosion and scale formation, and to assist oil–water separation. A proportion of these chemicals may enter the marine environment via the produced water discharge. This study investigated the potential impact of 11 oilfield production chemicals on the toxicity of the produced water discharge. The Microtox® system was used for toxicity assessment of the chemicals, both directly in aqueous preparations and following their partitioning between oil (crude and low toxicity mineral base oil) and North Sea brine. For the majority of the chemicals tested, the toxicity of the aqueous phase to the test organism following partitioning against crude oil, was not significantly altered by the presence of process chemicals when used in their normal field dosage concentrations. However, there was evidence that certain chemicals could increase the partitioning of oil components into the aqueous phase by an order of magnitude, when applied at high dosage concentrations.  相似文献   

湿地植物种类和生长方式对根际酞酸酯及其单酯代谢物分布特征的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

迟杰  杨瑞  王爱丽 《湖泊科学》2012,24(3):416-421

选取天津大学校内两个相邻的小型湖泊(青年湖和爱晚湖)为研究对象,研究了湿地植物种类(芦苇和香蒲)和生长方式(单生和混生)对根际酞酸酯(PAEs)及其单酯代谢物(PAMs)分布特征的影响.结果显示:几乎所有的样品中都能检测到酞酸丁二酯(DBP)和酞酸二异辛酯(DEHP)及其单酯代谢物(MBP和MEHP),并且DBP和DEHP的浓度比相应的单酯代谢物高1～2个数量级;沉积物和根样品中DEHP的浓度高于DBP;芦苇和香蒲根对DEHP的富集系数(RCF)大于DBP.当芦苇和香蒲单生时(即青年湖),芦苇根际沉积物中DBP和DEHP浓度≤香蒲根际沉积物的浓度,并且芦苇根的RCF值也小于香蒲.当芦苇和香蒲混生时(即爱晚湖),芦苇根际沉积物中DBP和DEHP浓度<香蒲根际沉积物的浓度,而芦苇根的RCF值≥香蒲根的RCF值,与青年湖中不同.青年湖香蒲根际沉积物中DBP和DEHP的浓度小于爱晚湖,而香蒲根的RCF值与此刚好相反.芦苇根对这两种PAEs的富集没有这种关系,可能是由于这两个湖中芦苇的生长状况不同,与香蒲混生时,芦苇的生长受到抑制.对PAEs的单酯代谢产物分析发现,沉积物中MBP/DBP>MEHP/DEHP.MEHP在根中的浓度多数情况高于MBP,表明MEHP比MBP具有较强的根富集能力.同种植物单生时,根中PAM浓度均≥混生.  相似文献   

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Free and Conjugated Estrogens During Soil Column Transport     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(2)

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土壤水环境中有机污染物生物处理过程模型研究     

刘凌  崔广柏 《湖泊科学》2000,12(3):255-264

生物处理是一种经济有效处理土壤水环境中有机污染物的手段,本文在研究土地生物处理过程的基础上,建立了综合描述有机污染物在土壤－水－微生物系统中扩散、吸附／解吸、屏蔽和生物降解过程的数学模型。为确定模型中各参数在模型计算中的作用和相对重要性,进行了参数灵敏度分析,预计数学模型可以定量预测有机污染物进行土地生物处理所需的要时间和程度,为构建土地生物处理工程提供参考。  相似文献   

外源化学物质对鱼类生长和GH/IGF-I轴的影响     

郑艳  汝少国 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,(Z1):102-106

生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子-I轴(Growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I axis,GH/IGF-I轴)是调控鱼类生长的主要内分泌轴线,许多外源化学物质能够影响鱼类的生长,并且能够干扰GH/IGF-I轴。本文介绍了鱼类GH/IGF-I轴的组成、功能及其对鱼类生长的调控模式,并从GH/IGF-I轴角度探究外源化学物质影响鱼类生长的内分泌作用机制,展望了该领域的发展方向。  相似文献