Low-cost volcano surveillance from space: case studies from Etna, Krafla, Cerro Negro, Fogo, Lascar and Erebus     

Andrew J. L. Harris  Anna L. Butterworth  Richard W. Carlton  Ian Downey  Peter Miller  Pedro Navarro  David A. Rothery 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1997,59(1):49-64

 Satellite data offer a means of supplementing ground-based monitoring during volcanic eruptions, especially at times or locations where ground-based monitoring is difficult. Being directly and freely available several times a day, data from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) offers great potential for near real-time monitoring of all volcanoes across large (3000×3000 km) areas. Herein we describe techniques to detect and locate activity; estimate lava area, thermal flux, effusion rates and cumulative volume; and distinguish types of activity. Application is demonstrated using data for active lavas at Krafla, Etna, Fogo, Cerro Negro and Erebus; a pyroclastic flow at Lascar; and open vent systems at Etna and Stromboli. Automated near real-time analysis of AVHRR data could be achieved at existing, or cheap to install, receiving stations, offering a supplement to conventional monitoring methods. Received: 21 January 1997 / Accepted: 3 April 1997  相似文献   

FY-1C可见光通道衰减分析及订正试验          下载免费PDF全文

谷松岩 邱红刘玉洁  范天锡 《应用气象学报》2002,13(6):734-740

利用FY-1C连续两年的遥感资料，以敦煌辐射校正场为分析区，系统分析了FY-1C可见光、近红外通道的衰减特征，开展了通道衰减订正试验。分析结果表明，FY-1C除可见光通道1衰减强烈外，其它各可见光、近红外通道衰减性能稳定。利用统计分析法，可以建立定标系数衰减订正量随时间的变化关系。订正后的定标系数与2000年辐射校正场外定标实验结果一致性很好。更新后的定标系数可以有效克服通道衰减带来的通道反射率测值误差，提高FY-1C可见光、近红外通道遥感资料定量应用的精度。  相似文献   

南极冰貌卫星影像条带噪声的剔除          下载免费PDF全文

鄂栋臣  沈强 《极地研究》2004,15(1):1-10

本文在简要叙述条带噪声形成原因的基础上 ,针对南极地区的ASTER 1A的可见光影像中出现的条带噪声的现象 ,通过设计了基于切比雪夫窗、凯瑟窗的FIR滤波器和约束最小二乘FIR滤波器对其条带噪声进行剔除 ,这两种滤波器能够尽可能地剔除条带 ,同时使影像的灰度分布发生最小畸变。并通过与其他方法 (例如 :低通滤波 ,直方图匹配等 )比较 ,说明这两种滤波的方法优于其他的方法  相似文献   

Estimation of surface latent heat fluxes from IRS-P4/MSMR satellite data     

Randhir Singh  B. Simon  P. C. Joshi 《Journal of Earth System Science》2001,110(3):231-238

The brightness temperatures of the Microwave sensor MSMR (Multichannel Scanning Microwave Radiometer) launched in May 1999 onboard Indian Oceansat-1 IRS-P4 are used to develop a direct retrieval method for latent heat flux by multivariate regression technique. The MSMR measures the microwave radiances at 8 channels at frequencies of 6.6, 10.7, 18 and 21 GHz at both vertical and horizontal polarizations. It is found that the surface LHF (Latent Heat Flux) is sensitive to all the channels. The coefficients were derived using the National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data of three months: July, September, November of 1999. The NCEP daily analyzed latent heat fluxes and brightness temperatures observed by MSMR were used to derive the coefficients. Validity of the derived coefficients was checked within situ observations over the Indian Ocean and with NCEP analyzed LHF for global points. The LHF derived directly from the MSMR brightness temperature (Tb) yielded an accuracy of 35 watt/m². LHF was also computed by applying bulk formula using the geophysical parameters extracted from MSMR. In this case the errors were higher apparently due to the errors involved in derivation of the geophysical parameters.  相似文献   

Analysis and modeling of the seasonal South China Sea temperature cycle using remote sensing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Daniel J. Twigt  Erik D. De Goede  Ernst J. O. Schrama  Herman Gerritsen 《Ocean Dynamics》2007,57(4-5):467-484

The present paper describes the analysis and modeling of the South China Sea (SCS) temperature cycle on a seasonal scale. It investigates the possibility to model this cycle in a consistent way while not taking into account tidal forcing and associated tidal mixing and exchange. This is motivated by the possibility to significantly increase the model’s computational efficiency when neglecting tides. The goal is to develop a flexible and efficient tool for seasonal scenario analysis and to generate transport boundary forcing for local models. Given the significant spatial extent of the SCS basin and the focus on seasonal time scales, synoptic remote sensing is an ideal tool in this analysis. Remote sensing is used to assess the seasonal temperature cycle to identify the relevant driving forces and is a valuable source of input data for modeling. Model simulations are performed using a three-dimensional baroclinic-reduced depth model, driven by monthly mean sea surface anomaly boundary forcing, monthly mean lateral temperature, and salinity forcing obtained from the World Ocean Atlas 2001 climatology, six hourly meteorological forcing from the European Center for Medium range Weather Forecasting ERA-40 dataset, and remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST) data. A sensitivity analysis of model forcing and coefficients is performed. The model results are quantitatively assessed against climatological temperature profiles using a goodness-of-fit norm. In the deep regions, the model results are in good agreement with this validation data. In the shallow regions, discrepancies are found. To improve the agreement there, we apply a SST nudging method at the free water surface. This considerably improves the model’s vertical temperature representation in the shallow regions. Based on the model validation against climatological in situ and SST data, we conclude that the seasonal temperature cycle for the deep SCS basin can be represented to a good degree. For shallow regions, the absence of tidal mixing and exchange has a clear impact on the model’s temperature representation. This effect on the large-scale temperature cycle can be compensated to a good degree by SST nudging for diagnostic applications.  相似文献   

A synergic algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical depth over land     

郭建平  薛勇  曹春香  张颢  光洁  张小曳  李小文 《大气科学进展》2009,26(5):973-983

In this paper, a novel algorithm for aerosol optical depth(AOD) retrieval with a 1 km spatial resolution over land is presented using the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) dual-view capability at 0.55, 0.66 and 0.87 μm, in combination with the Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model, a product of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The BRDF characteristics of the land surface, i.e. prior input parameters for this algorithm, are computed by extracti...  相似文献   

MP-3000A微波辐射计探测原理及误差分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵玲  马玉芬  张广兴 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2009,3(5):54-57

MP-3000A微波辐射计是一种新型35通道微波辐射计。相对于探空和GPS水汽探测,它可以连续得到从地面到10km高度上高分辨率的温度、相对湿度和水汽廓线以及较低分辨率的液态水廓线。廓线从0m～10km共58个数据层,利用探测区域的历史探空资料和神经网络算法正向模拟微波辐射量,从而得出温湿廓线。本文介绍了MP-3000A微波辐射计的主要功能、工作原理和误差来源。  相似文献   

FY-3C/VIRR中红外图像太阳光污染订正     

朱吉彪  胡秀清  杨磊库  徐寒列  徐娜  张鹏 《遥感学报》2021,25(3):803-815

风云三号C星(FY-3C)上搭载的可见光红外扫描辐射计VIRR (Visible and Infra-Red Radiometer)是继承风云一号卫星光学成像仪器,它在高纬度昼夜交替区域附近由于地平线附近太阳光照射,导致仪器扫描镜和其他部件产生杂散光,导致对地观测图像被污染,尤其VIRR中红外第3通道(3.7μm)图像产生了严重条带噪声,影响了后续产品的质量精度和数据应用。本文根据图像条带噪声各向异性的特点,利用单向变分条带去除模型,对VIRR第3通道图像进行条带噪声去除研究,采用噪声去除前后图像行均值曲线与定量评价指标辐射质量改进因子IF (Improvement Factors of Radiometric Quality)和逆变异系数ICV (Inverse Coefficient of Variation)等进行去除结果评价。结果表明,单向变分模型对FY-3C VIRR第3通道观测数据太阳污染条带噪声具有较好的订正效果,实验中,PSNR提升到32.77 dB;在真实数据实验中,IF提升到16.99 dB。  相似文献   

GVR机载微波辐射计反演算法适用性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王婉  雷恒池  郭晓军  王兆宇  陈超  王彦  吴彬贵 《气象科技》2018,46(3):485-489

为研究GVR(G-band water Vapor Radiometer)机载微波辐射计自带反演算法在天津地区的适用性,将2016年北京探空资料分成春夏秋冬,对垂直累积液态水和垂直累积水汽的反演精度进行数值模拟检验。结果表明:垂直累积液态水反演精度随高度变化不明显,春夏秋冬4个季节反演结果相对偏差值范围分别为29%~78%、31%~71%、36%~67%、35%~79%,绝对偏差值范围分别为0.04~0.492 mm、0.075~0.294 mm、0.074~0.315mm、0.116~0.347mm;垂直累积水汽反演精度随高度降低(3000m以上降低更为明显),春、夏、秋、冬4个季节相对偏差3000m以下时分别为2.6%~20.8%、7.9%~19.1%、4.3%~16.5%、3.4%~14.2%,3000m以上时分别为6.4%~89.7%、12.5%~36.9%、13.2%~50%、11.8%~301%。与其他类型机载微波辐射计反演精度及GVR在北极地区地基观测反演精度相比,GVR自带反演算法在天津地区的垂直累积液态水和垂直累积水汽反演精度明显偏低。  相似文献   

采用双参考温度自动增益补偿体制的机载/陆基13mm成像微波辐射计的研制     

何明  张俊荣  赵仁宇  宋家驹 《遥感学报》1990,(4)

本文对双参考温度自动增益补偿型微波辐射计的工作原理、性能及参数指标进行了详细分析,提出了对于双参考温度辐射计的定标特性进行校正的方法。设计研制出了用于实时遥感大气水汽含量及有关参数的机载/陆基13mm成像微波辐射计系统,采用微型计算机实现天线的扫描控制、实时数据采集、人机对话、假彩色成像及用磁盘记录数据。  相似文献