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基于RS与GIS的南汇东滩围垦研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
RS和GIS技术是滩涂围垦监测最经济和有效的方法之一。本文基于1983年以来多期遥感影像,解译出了不同时期人工岸线的位置,在此基础上利用GIS技术分析了近30年来南汇东滩的围垦过程及其与滩涂淤涨速率的关系。结果表明,近30年来南汇东滩的围垦过程呈现＂由慢至快＂的发展趋势,经历了＂缓慢—稳步—高速＂三个发展阶段：（1）1983～1995年年均围垦速率约1.23km2/a,圈围速率较小;（2）1995～2000年为7.95km2/a,围垦速率处于稳步增长阶段;（3）2002～2005年为35.27km2/a,是围垦速率最大的阶段。2002年以前,围垦速率与滩涂淤涨速率基本一致,2002年之后,围垦速率远大于滩涂淤涨速率。本文认为8km2/a是南汇东滩适宜的围垦速度。2002年之后南汇东滩的快速围垦并没有导致上海整体滩涂面积的减少,围垦可不囿于局部滩涂面积的稳定,以全市总体滩涂面积和湿地水平的动态平衡,可为滩涂资源开发利用提供现实选择。 相似文献
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以陕北榆神矿区大保当区为例,论述了生态脆弱的沙漠滩地浅层地下水的特征。认为沙漠滩地地下水开发利用,应在满足生态需水的条件下,适当开发利用萨拉乌苏组地下水,保证能源化工基地建设要求;其开采方式以汲取天然溢出量为主,严格控制管井取水规模,以保证生态安全。 相似文献
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《自然地理学》2013,34(4):345-359
Historical surveys have proven important for assessing changes in forest composition and for providing insights into the influences of human activities on forest ecosystems. We used GIS to compare past land-use/land-cover information from General Land Office (GLO) surveys taken in 1849/1851 with current forest composition to illustrate the extensive changes that have occurred in bottomland hardwood forest composition over the past 150 years in East Baton Rouge Parish (EBRP), Louisiana. Agricultural lands, hardwood wetlands, and urban lands increased in area at the expense of rangelands and swamplands. A comparison of forest composition between A.D. 1849/1851 and today illustrates that the bottomlands were once a cypress-tupelo gum association but are now an elm-ash-sugarberry association. These changes are related to expanding urban conditions and encroaching human activities (e.g., levee construction) that substantially changed surface hydrological properties, especially the potential for flooding. Bottomland hardwood forests provide important services to low-lying urban areas mainly through storage of flood waters. Without conservation efforts, bottomland hardwood forests will experience continued human-mediated changes. 相似文献
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Forest vegetation in the southeastern United States extends westward beyond the Ozark and Ouachita plateaus in Arkansas and Missouri into the Central Plains. Along this transect, luxuriant forests give way to mixed forests and grasslands that include smaller trees and progressively fewer tree species and eventually to grassland‐dominated landscapes in central Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. This transition is directly related to decreasing precipitation with distance to the west of the Mississippi River valley. Many species, however, have abrupt western range boundaries related to physiography and hydrogeomorphic processes. The western range limits for many trees correspond to Coastal Plain boundaries that at a regional scale impose sharper range boundaries than would be expected on the basis of decreasing precipitation. Also, riparian habitats within stream valleys extending westward from the Coastal Plain provide suitable habitats for trees in the dry regions of the Great Plains. The presence of riparian trees in this region is determined largely by the presence or absence of groundwater conditions necessary for survival. For floodplain trees, then, it is primarily habitat—not climate—that determines the location of range boundaries. 相似文献
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云南小江泥石流与泥石流滩地开发 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
小江泥石流位于云南省东北部 ,属暴雨型泥石流 ,是中国四大泥石流作用区之一。 2 0世纪 5 0年代以来 ,共成灾 40余次 ,直接经济损失 70 0 0余万元 ,已成为阻碍当地经济发展的大患。本流域泥石流是地质环境和气候环境变异以及人类经济活动叠加形成的地质灾害 ,其活动机理包括固体松散物源形成、河流加剧冲刷切坡、强降雨或地震诱发泥石流等 3个过程。泥石流防治的根本在于控制山地荒漠化并恢复植被与生态环境。然而 ,要退耕还林就必须开发泥石流滩地 ,以安置坡地区居民 ,开发工程不仅要先治理泥石流沟谷 ,而且还要治理河床。小江农场是小江泥石流滩地开发的成功典范 ,其成功的基本条件总结 ,为泥石流滩地开发研究提供了宝贵的经验。 相似文献
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为了全面评价和考核湘江长沙段各洲滩近几年来采取的不同灭螺措施对洲滩钉螺(Oncomelania hu-pensis)螺情的影响,采用以系统抽样结合环境抽查的查螺方法,2003～2008年对湘江长沙段20个有螺洲滩进行了跟踪调查.结果表明,2008年与2003年相比,活螺洲滩数、有螺框出现率、钉螺平均密度和活螺率分别下降了40.00%,99.10%,99.74%,51.09%.经统计学处理,各洲滩有螺框出现率(Z=91.560 2,P<0.01)、活螺率(Z=65.133 2,P<0.01)不相同,但年度下降趋势明显.在20个有螺洲滩中,有感染性钉螺分布的洲滩5个,占有螺洲滩总数的25.00%;有感染性钉螺分布的洲滩逐年减少,感染性钉螺的平均密度和感染率逐年降低,2007～2008年所有洲滩无感染性钉螺分布.湘江长沙段有螺洲滩采取的各种防治措施中,药物与环改灭螺相结合的效果远好于单纯的药物灭螺.各种环改灭螺措施,又以抬洲降滩、翻耕垦种的灭螺效果更持久,更彻底. 相似文献
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