Subsurface flow measurements using passive flux meters in variably-saturated cold-regions landscapes     

Élise G. Devoie  Ryan F. Connon  James R. Craig  William L. Quinton 《水文研究》2020,34(23):4541-4546

To date, passive flux meters have predominantly been applied in temperate environments for tracking the movement of contaminants in groundwater. This study applies these instruments to reduce uncertainty in (typically instantaneous) flux measurements made in a low-gradient, wetland dominated, discontinuous permafrost environment. This method supports improved estimation of unsaturated and over-winter subsurface flows which are very difficult to quantify using hydraulic gradient-based approaches. Improved subsurface flow estimates can play a key role in understanding the water budget of this landscape.  相似文献   

Estimation of snow water equivalent using microwave radiometry over Arctic first‐year sea ice     

D. G. Barber  J. Iacozza  A. E. Walker 《水文研究》2003,17(17):3503-3517

The magnitude and spatial distribution of snow on sea ice are both integral components of the ocean–sea‐ice–atmosphere system. Although there exists a number of algorithms to estimate the snow water equivalent (SWE) on terrestrial surfaces, to date there is no precise method to estimate SWE on sea ice. Physical snow properties and in situ microwave radiometry at 19, 37 and 85 GHz, V and H polarization were collected for a 10‐day period over 20 first‐year sea ice sites. We present and compare the in situ physical, electrical and microwave emission properties of snow over smooth Arctic first‐year sea ice for 19 of the 20 sites sampled. Physical processes creating the observed vertical patterns in the physical and electrical properties are discussed. An algorithm is then developed from the relationship between the SWE and the brightness temperature measured at 37 GHz (55°) H polarization and the air temperature. The multiple regression between these variables is able to account for over 90% of the variability in the measured SWE. This algorithm is validated with a small in situ data set collected during the 1999 field experiment. We then compare our data against the NASA snow thickness algorithm, designed as part of the NASA Earth Enterprise Program. The results indicated a lack of agreement between the NASA algorithm and the algorithm developed here. This lack of agreement is attributed to differences in scale between the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager and surface radiometers and to differences in the Antarctic versus Arctic snow physical and electrical properties. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于Poulos弹性理论的被动桩改进算法     

陈福全  黄伟达 《岩土力学》2008,29(4):905-910

传统的Poulos弹性理论仅适合于均质土中土体侧向位移时桩的性状分析,无法考虑土的层状特性。通过引入层状地基中作用一水平集中力的广义Mindlin解和地面作用有竖向荷载时的应力和位移通解,对Poulos方法进行了改进,使之扩展到多层土中,还用于研究堆载条件下的被动桩变形和受力响应。算例分析表明,改进弹性理论要比Poulos方法更为严密、合理,提高了计算精度,应用范围也更广。  相似文献   

GPS卫星反射信号增强技术研究     

杨进佩  刘中  朱晓华 《海洋湖沼通报》2006,(3):13-20

本文根据GPS卫星反射信号在海洋参数测量、无源雷达目标探测以及大地测绘中的应用,从天线接收、信号处理运算和多路径信号抵消角度,详细地研究了GPS卫星反射信号增强技术,给出了相应天线和电路结构及信号处理方法,并进行了计算机仿真,结果表明所提出的技术能增强GPS卫星反射信号。  相似文献   

北斗三星无源导航定位技术研究     

方兆宝  夏哲仁  赵培海  周琼华  田震华  许泽明 《海洋测绘》2007,27(2):15-17

简述北斗三星无源导航定位的原理及定位误差源。探讨用最优估计理论和方法,即卡尔曼滤波技术,消除北斗三星无源定位数据中随机误差的方法。对华南沿海北斗三星无源定位实验数据进行滤波处理,结果表明:(1)北斗三星无源定位单点定位精度在纬度方向为±58m,经度方向为±4.3m,经卡尔曼滤波后其单点定位精度在纬度方向为±43m,经度方向为±3.6m;(2)北斗三星定位误差主要分布在纬度方向;(3)通过卡尔曼滤波可使北斗三星无源定位精度提高25%。  相似文献   

非均匀月壤介质的被动微波辐射传输模拟   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

孟治国  陈圣波  刘财  杜晓娟  吕航 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(6)

基于非均匀月壤物理模型和辐射传输方程,模拟月壤介质中的微波辐射传输特性,探讨频率、月壤厚度等与月表亮温的关系。结果表明:在低频段,月壤微波辐射亮温的动态变化范围较大,可探测的月壤厚度大,3 GHz时的最大可探测月壤厚度达12.4 m;在高频段对应的可探测月壤厚度较小,特别是从50GHz往后的频率段内,最大可探测月壤厚度均小于2 m。不同频率的亮温-厚度变化曲线没有交叉点,且频率越高,所能探测的月壤厚度越小。根据模拟结果,建立了月壤厚度与亮温的查找表。基于查找表,利用单个波段的亮温数据即可得到月壤厚度信息。  相似文献   

被动震源进行地震勘探的可行性研究     

唐德林马文琪  胡宗正王艳伶 《中国煤炭地质》2008,20(2):46-48

为研究冲击钻机、打桩机、打夯机以及筑路机等设备工作时产生的震源,对开展工程地震勘探时的利用价值,在东庞矿2093工作面治水钻孔冲击钻进过程中进行了该项实验工作。试验采用WF-1006遥测数字地震仪及CGS-40型加速度检波器,接收排列之间方位角间隔20。,接收道数24道,道距5m,采样率1ms,记录长度2s。最近检波器距钻孔7m。利用SCHRAMM钻机产生的强大振动为被动震源,进行了250m、257m、183m、263m等不同钻井深度,以及与此相对应不同方位角（250°、250°、230°275°）的地震波接收试验。通过分析其地震记录,判定引发东庞矿矿井突水的陷落柱中心位于治水钻孔西南方向。该结论与三维地震勘探确定的陷落柱位置一致,可见通过选择合理的接收方式及参数,被动震源也能够用于地震勘探。  相似文献   

南秦岭横丹浊积岩系——晚古生代发育于扬子板块被动陆缘上的弧前盆地充填物     

闫全人  王宗起  A.D.Hanson  P.A.Druschke  王涛  闫臻 《地质通报》2002,(Z2)

南秦岭横丹浊积岩系是一套巨厚的浊流沉积,以向南或南东倾的单斜构造产出。由下而上,该沉积层序包括深水盆地、深水浊积扇和斜坡水道3个相序。相应地,沉积物粒度变粗,厚度变大,火山质组分含量增加,凝灰层大量发育,表明横丹浊积岩系为活动型浊积岩;其古水流方向为NNW—NNE向,物源区为南侧的碧口火山岩系。另外,横丹浊积岩系内还见石英岩、重结晶大理岩成分的砾石,说明其物源还包括被动陆缘环境的沉积物。相序、组构、沉积特征和物源区综合分析表明,横丹浊积岩系为弧前盆地充填物。构筑这一弧前盆地的动力学机制是洋壳板块向南俯冲于扬子板块被动陆缘之下,时代可能晚于中晚泥盆世。  相似文献   

三种被动式积沙仪积沙效率的野外实验研究   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

俎瑞平  屈建军  高前兆 《干旱区地理》2002,25(3):214-218

积沙仪积沙效率的高低直接影响近地表输沙率的测定，从而影响着风沙地貌的研究和风沙工程设计，对目前三种常用积沙仪在相同条件下（同一下垫面、相同风速）的积沙进行了野外观测。结果表明：（1）相同条件下，楔形积沙仪积沙量远远大于其它两种；（2）近地面积沙量随高度分布上，楔形积沙仪能更好地反映风沙流结构；（3）与其它两种积沙仪相比，楔形积沙仪所采集沙子中的小粒径颗粒含量明显多于其它两种积沙仪结果，而较大粒径颗粒的含量呈相反趋势，造成这些差异的原因在于楔形积沙仪采用的流线型构造和网状结构，从而对风沙流的阻挡程度较小，今后应推广楔形积沙仪的使用。  相似文献   

Steel frames with bracing mechanism and hysteretic dampers     

M. C. Phocas  A. Pocanschi 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(5):811-825

A new earthquake resistant structural system for multi‐storey frame structures, based on a dual function of its bracing components, is developed. This consists of a hysteretic damper device and a cross‐bracing mechanism with a kinetic closed circuit, working only in tension, so that cable members can be used for this purpose. Solutions are presented regarding the connections' design of three types of structural frame system, that are concerned throughout the study: braced moment free frame, braced moment resisting frame with moment free supports, and with moment resisting supports. The dynamic behaviour of the system is investigated on the basis of an SDOF model, and based on the response spectra method an approximate design approach of the controlled structures is shown. From the time history analysis of the structural systems for the El Centro earthquake the areas of appropriate stiffness relations of the frames to the hysteretic dampers and the cable braces are deduced, so that the energy dissipation of the system may be controlled by the damper‐cable bracing mechanism. Based on the results of these studies, a predesign approach is developed for the implementation of the control system in frame structures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献