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本文建立了半透膜渗透装置(semi-permeable membrane device,SPMD)富集-超声萃取-凝胶渗透色谱净化-气相色谱法测定沉积物间隙水中多氯联苯(PCBs)的方法。比较了有机溶剂透析法与超声萃取法从膜袋内提取PCBs的回收率,发现超声萃取法在节省时间和溶剂方面有明显优势。应用凝胶渗透色谱分离与净化SPMD提取物,收集11—17min的流出液能达到最佳分离效果。基于此方法测定了大连湾沉积物间隙水中自由溶解态PCBs的含量(C_(W-SPMD)),同时又分析了沉积物中PCBs的总量(C_(SED))、间隙水中PCBs的含量(有机碳含量校正法,C_(W-SED))和间隙水中PCBs的总含量(离心法,C_(PW))。结果表明,C_(PW)值显著高于C_(W-SED)和C_(W-SPMD)值。因此,考虑到生物可利用性,无论采用沉积物中或者间隙水中的PCBs总量进行污染物生态风险评价均会造成风险被高估,建议采用间隙水中可溶解态含量。 相似文献
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Three extraction techniques have been recently used for the quantitative extraction of semi-volatile organic pollutants in sediments, i.e. accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE). However, their extraction efficiencies have rarely been quantitatively compared using rigorous mathematical methods. In this paper, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to evaluate the performance of ASE, MAE and UAE in the overall extraction of PCBs, DDTs and HCHs by analysis of their recoveries from the Standard Reference Material IAEA-417, a sediment sample certified by many international laboratories. Conclusions were drawn at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. No significant differences were found among the mean values for method recoveries using ASE, MAE and UAE. The mean values for real recoveries using ASE and MAE were nearly identical, but the real recovery using UAE was much lower. The concentrations of all PCBs, DDTs and HCHs except for CB52 and o,p′-DDT using UAE were the lowest. Comparing the results obtained using ASE with MAE, the concentrations of CB28, CB52, CB138, α-HCH, β-HCH, p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD were nearly identical, while the concentrations of other compounds were significantly different. Based on the low recoveries, it was concluded that UAE is a relatively inefficient extraction method, while ASE and MAE are equivalent methods. Taking into consideration the relative standard deviation (RSD) values, solvent volume, extraction time, and purchasing costs of the apparatus, MAE was considered superior to ASE for extraction of PCBs, DDTs and HCHs. 相似文献
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针对传统三阶段方法难以适用于P波段极化干涉合成孔径雷达(PolInSAR)植被高反演难题,该文采用先验信息对消光系数进行固定,在此基础之上,对经典三阶段算法中地体散射幅度比为0的假设进行参数化。通过模拟实验验证新方法相比已有方法在不同地体幅度比条件下均能得到较好的反演精度,且固定消光系数不会引起树高显著偏差。最后,利用2景E-SAR P波段全极化数据进行树高度反演。实验结果表明,新方法反演树高的均方根误差(RMSE)为3.43m,相比已有方法,RMSE提高的幅度为35.7%,有效提升了传统三阶段算法的适用范围。 相似文献
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随着GPS技术的快速发展,RTK测量技术也日益成熟完善,并广泛地应用于测绘领域。但究竟其平面与高程精度能达到哪一等级,说法不一。对影响GPS-RTK作业的因素进行分析,并通过实例对其定位精度进行探讨。 相似文献
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对南极菲尔德斯半岛地区采集的水体、土壤、苔藓、粪便和生物介质中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析,考察了不同环境介质中PAHs的含量分布特征及其环境行为。结果表明,水体、土壤、苔藓、粪便和生物中∑PAHs浓度分别为34.9—346 ng·g-1(mean=184)、68.9—374 ng·g-1(mean=188)、122—894 ng·g-1(mean=251)、197—293 ng·g-1(mean=245)和137—443 ng·g-1(mean=265)。与其他地区相比,5种介质中2+3环PAHs的比例超过0.5,而5+6环PAHs的比例则0.2,说明大气传输是菲尔德斯半岛地区PAHs来源的主要途径。通过PAHs在土壤-苔藓(logQSM)、生物-海水(logQOW)和企鹅肌肉-企鹅粪土(logQPD)中的浓度比值与其理化参数的研究发现,logQSM与logpoL和logKOA成显著线性关系,logQOW和logQPD与logKOW成显著线性关系,表明不同环境介质间污染物浓度比值可以看作PAHs在极地偏远地区气-固分配行为以及在生物体内分配行为的镜像。 相似文献
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张林科 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(8):111-114
针对目前无人机低空遥感中存在的问题,本文提出了同测区多相机统一参数算法模型,实现了同测区不同相机、不同摄影时间的数据不分区一次空三加密;研发了适用于非量测相机的纹理增强、色彩优化、多种商业空三加密软件的多相机数据转换工具集等功能模块,建立了多机联合航测遥感新的作业模式.以河南省×市为例测试了本研究提出的技术方案和改进技术,结果表明,精度达到了20 cm以内,该方案改善了无人机遥感的成图质量.本研究为自然资源监测、生态保护修复、乡村振兴、森林生态建设等众多领域低空遥感技术应用与推广提供了先进的技术手段,明显提高生产效率和成果质量,创造明显的经济效益和社会效益. 相似文献