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951.
Rinkevich B 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(11):1821-1824
The current best management tools employed in coral reefs worldwide do not achieve conservation objectives as coral reefs continue to degrade. Even improved reef management helps, at best, to reduce the degradation pace, whereas the worsening global changes foretell a dismal fate for coral reefs. The assertion made here is that the prospect for reefs' future is centered on omnipresent acceptance of restoration, an 'active' management instrument. A recent promising such tool is the 'gardening concept', influenced by the well-established scientific discipline of terrestrial forestation. This notion is supported by a two-step protocol. The first step entails rearing coral "seedlings", in specially designed underwater nurseries, to transplantable size, before applying the second step, out-planting into damaged areas of the nursery-farmed coral colonies. Only the establishment of large-scale nurseries and transplantation actions, together with conventional management tools, will be able to cope with extensive reef degradation on the global scale. 相似文献
952.
Hylland K Tollefsen KE Ruus A Jonsson G Sundt RC Sanni S Røe Utvik TI Johnsen S Nilssen I Pinturier L Balk L Barsiene J Marigòmez I Feist SW Børseth JF 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(3):414-429
Fisheries have been vital to coastal communities around the North Sea for centuries, but this semi-enclosed sea also receives large amounts of waste. It is therefore important to monitor and control inputs of contaminants into the North Sea. Inputs of effluents from offshore oil and gas production platforms (produced water) in the Norwegian sector have been monitored through an integrated chemical and biological effects programme since 2001. The programme has used caged Atlantic cod and blue mussels. PAH tissue residues in blue mussels and PAH bile metabolites in cod have confirmed exposure to effluents, but there was variation between years. Results for a range of biological effects methods reflected exposure gradients and indicated that exposure levels were low and caused minor environmental impact at the deployment locations. There is a need to develop methods that are sufficiently sensitive to components in produced water at levels found in marine ecosystems. 相似文献
953.
A two-dimensional multicomponent reactive transport modeling approach was used to simulate contaminant transport and the evolution of redox processes at a large-scale kerosene-contaminated site near Berlin, Germany. In contrast to previous site-scale modeling studies that focused either on one or two contaminants or on steady-state redox conditions, multiple contaminants and electron acceptors, including mineral phase Iron (III), were considered with an evolving redox zonation. Inhibition terms were used to switch between the different electron acceptor processes in the reaction scheme. The transient evolution of redox zones and contaminant plumes was simulated for two separate transects of the site, which have different geology and ground water recharge distributions and where quite different downstream contaminant and terminal electron–accepting process (TEAP) distributions are observed. The same reaction system, calibrated to measured concentrations along one of the transects, was used in both cases, achieving a reasonable match with observed concentrations. The differences between the two transects could thus to some extent be attributed to the different hydrological and hydrogeological conditions, in particular ground water recharge distributions. Long-term simulations showed that the distribution of TEAPs evolves as Fe(III) becomes depleted, with conditions becoming increasingly methanogenic, leading to changes in contaminant plume lengths. The models were applied to assess the potential effects of planned changes in land use at the site that may affect the ground water recharge distribution. The simulated redox zonation responded strongly to changes in recharge, which in turn led to changes in the contaminant plume lengths. 相似文献
954.
955.
关于中国大陆岩石圈导电性结构研究越来越引起人们的重视,而目前研究大陆岩石圈导电性结构的主要方法是大地电磁测深(Magnetotelluric sounding).为此,在国家项目"深部探测技术与实验研究(SinoProbe)"专项里开展了"大陆电磁参数标准网实验(SinoProbe-01)"研究,完成了华北1°×1°地理坐标网度的大地电磁测深"标准点"阵列(Array)观测.本文详细论述了华北SinoProbe-01项目1°×1°MT"标准点"阵列观测实验的概况,以及通过精细的MT数据处理和一维Niblett-Bostick变换快速成像,所获取的华北地区岩石圈导电性三维成像模型.在分析华北岩石圈导电性结构特征的基础上,从电性结构角度把华北与邻区岩石圈划分为胶辽、燕山、鲁西、太行—吕梁等低导电性(高电阻率)块体,内蒙古、阿拉善和祁连中等导电性块体和黄淮、鄂尔多斯、秦岭良导电性(低电阻率)块体,进一步从导电性的角度证实了华北克拉通是由多个块体集合而成的观点. 相似文献
956.
正2018年5月,美国哥伦比亚大学的研究人员在Science Advances发表文章指出,在对加州间歇泉地热区的研究中,他们用机器学习算法从3年的地震记录中发现了不同类型的地震。在这一区域,地震的重复模式似乎与水流入地下热岩的季节性上升和下降相一致,由此说明,水的运移与引起岩石滑动或破裂的机械过程相关,进而引发地震。研究人员汇编了含有46 000次地震的地震目录,每个都以能量波形在震动图中表 相似文献
957.
求取滑坡体积在当前是一个难题,原因是其为三维分量,并且部分滑面往往在地下。本文提出了3个区域地震滑坡体积优化模型来计算2008年中国汶川M W7.9地震触发滑坡的体积。本文首先基于20m分辨率的震前和震后SPOT 5卫星影像提取到的数字高程模型(DEM)数据,结合少数滑坡的剖面图,获得了1 415处汶川地震滑坡堆积区体积,作为地震滑坡体积模型训练样本。在常规区域滑坡"体积—面积"模型基础上,提出了3个优化模型。分别利用数据的对数化线性拟合与直接非线性拟合方法对1个常规模型和3个优化模型进行拟合。结果表明,采用直接非线性拟合方法并考虑了滑坡长、宽、高、岩性、坡度和峰值地动加速度后,坡向的优化模型标准误差最小,回归得到的滑坡总体积与滑坡真实总体积也非常接近。将这一模型应用于所有汶川地震滑坡,分别得到每个滑坡的体积。最终结果表明,汶川地震滑坡相对密集分布区内的196 007处滑坡的堆积物体积约为1.2×1010 m~3,源区体积约为1×1010 m~3。根据前人"地震震级—滑坡总体积"经验公式得到的结果仅仅是本文结果的7.5%~9%,这提醒我们有必要基于更多的单次地震触发滑坡总体体积数据对"地震震级—滑坡总体积"的关系进行更新。同时,文中的优化模型对同类研究也有显著的参考价值。 相似文献
958.
利用绝对地震定位方法(Hpyo2000)对青藏高原中部地区(32°N~36°N,90°E~93°E)于2016年6月至2017年6月期间发生的中小地震进行了重定位。与中国地震台网测定结果相比,定位后结果整体上更加聚集,水平位差距超过10km,深度上集中在0~8km范围内,这表明青藏高原内部上地壳构造活跃。2017年6月共发生8次3.0级以上地震,定位后的震中位置集中分布在格拉丹东附近。定位前后M3.0的小地震的结果也显示明显的差异。为此,我们采用CAP(Cut and Paste)方法反演了M≥3.0地震的震源机制,结果显示其与地表构造性质较为吻合,青藏高原内部仍受到印度板块强烈的挤压作用。其中2017年6月格拉丹东附近发生的8次地震均为正断或走滑兼正断型,根据前人研究结果,猜测这是壳幔活动剧烈的地表响应。 相似文献
959.
In exploring new sources for economically important products, marine environment draws particular attention because of its remarkable diversity and extreme conditions; it is known to produce metabolic products of great value. It represents untapped source for the discovery of novel secondary metabolites with varying potential such as antibiotic, anti-tumor, antifouling and cytotoxic properties. Marine actinomycetes distributed throughout the marine environment from shallow to deep sea sediments have proved to be a finest source for this discovery. Secondary metabolites derived from marine actinomycetes have proved their worth in industries based on the research on their properties and wide range applications. Spotlight of the review is range of marine based actinomycetes products and significant research in this field. This shows the capability of marine actinomycetes as bioactive metabolite producers. Additionally, the present review addresses some effective and novel approaches of procuring marine microbial compounds utilizing the latest screening strategies of drug discovery from which traditional resources such as marine actinobacteria has decreased due to declining yields. The aim is in the context of promoting fruitful and profitable results in the near future. The recent surfacing of new technologies for bioprospection of marine actinomycetes are very promising, resulting in high quality value added products, and will be de? ning a new era for bioactive compounds with medical and biotechnological applications. 相似文献
960.
We intend to study a modified version of the planar Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem(CRTBP) by incorporating several perturbing parameters. We consider the bigger primary as an oblate spheroid and emitting radiation while the small primary has an elongated body. We also consider the perturbation from a disk-like structure encompassing this three-body system. First, we develop a mathematical model of this modified CRTBP.We have found there exist five equilibrium points in this modified CRTB... 相似文献