Persistence profile of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in shallow and deep Gulf waters and sediments: effect of water temperature and sediment-water partitioning characteristics     

Tansel B  Fuentes C  Sanchez M  Predoi K  Acevedo M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(12):2659-2665

Persistence profiles of selected polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed depending on temperature variations in the water column and water–sediment interactions in the Gulf of Mexico. The PAHs studied include anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and chrysene. The half-lives of PAHs in the deep waters (over 1000 m) are about twice as long as those in the shallow areas (100–150 m), and almost 2.5 times as long as those in the top layer (0–10 m) of the water column. The half-lives of the PAHs in the sediments are significantly longer. Among the PAHs studied, chrysene is the most persistent in the water column, and pyrene is the most persistent in the sediments. The half-life of chrysene in the shallow and deep waters is over 2.5 and about 5 years, respectively. For pyrene, the half-life in the shallow and deep sediments is about 9 and 16 years, respectively.  相似文献   

In situ biomonitoring of caged, juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Lower Duwamish Waterway     

Kelley MA  Gillespie A  Zhou GD  Zhang S  Meador JP  Duncan B  Donnelly KC  McDonald TJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(11):2520-2532

Contaminated sediments may have wide-ranging impacts on human and ecological health. A series of in situ caged exposure studies using juvenile Chinook salmon was conducted in the Lower Duwamish Waterway (LDW). Chemical analysis of sediment, water, and fish tissue were completed. Additionally, in 2004, DNA adducts in hepatic and gill tissues were measured. Gills contained significantly higher DNA adducts at stations B2 and B4, prompting further analysis of gills in 2006 and 2007. Fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) in bile, and CYP1A1 in hepatic tissue were also measured during 2006 and 2007, respectively. FACs in field-caged fish were comparable or significantly higher than wild-caught fish LDW fish and significantly higher than lab fish after only 8-10 days, demonstrating the equivalency of exposure to that of migrating salmon. Furthermore, selected biomarkers appear to be capable of detecting spikes in contamination between sampling years, emphasizing the need for multiple year data collection.  相似文献   

Differential presence of anthropogenic compounds dissolved in the marine waters of Puget Sound, WA and Barkley Sound, BC   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Keil R  Salemme K  Forrest B  Neibauer J  Logsdon M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(11):2404-2411

Organic compounds were evaluated in March 2010 at 22 stations in Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island Canada and at 66 locations in Puget Sound. Of 37 compounds, 15 were xenobiotics, 8 were determined to have an anthropogenic imprint over natural sources, and 13 were presumed to be of natural or mixed origin. The three most frequently detected compounds were salicyclic acid, vanillin and thymol. The three most abundant compounds were diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), ethyl vanillin and benzaldehyde (∼600 ng L⁻¹ on average). Concentrations of xenobiotics were 10-100 times higher in Puget Sound relative to Barkley Sound. Three compound couplets are used to illustrate the influence of human activity on marine waters; vanillin and ethyl vanillin, salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid, and cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid. Ratios indicate that anthropogenic activities are the predominant source of these chemicals in Puget Sound.  相似文献   

Anthropogenic metal contamination and sapropel imprints in deep Mediterranean sediments   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Angelidis MO  Radakovitch O  Veron A  Aloupi M  Heussner S  Price B 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(5):1041-1052

Sediment cores from the deep Balearic basin and the Cretan Sea provide evidence for the accumulation of Cd, Pd and Zn in the top few centimeters of the abyssal Mediterranean sea-bottom. In both cores, 206Pb/207Pb profiles confirm this anthropogenic impact with less radiogenic imprints toward surface sediments. The similarity between excess 210Pb accumulated in the top core and the 210Pb flux suggests that top core metal inventories reasonably reflect long-term atmospheric deposition to the open Mediterranean. Pb inventory in the western core for the past 100 years represents 20-30% of sediment coastal inventories, suggesting that long-term atmospheric deposition determined from coastal areas has to be used cautiously for mass balance calculations in the open Mediterranean. In the deeper section of both cores, Al normalized trace metal profiles suggest diagenetic remobilization of Fe, Mn, Cu and, to a lesser extent, Pb that likely corresponds to sapropel event S1.  相似文献   

Early evaluation of coastal nutrient over-enrichment: new procedures and indicators     

Goberville E  Beaugrand G  Sautour B  Tréguer P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(8):1751-1761

Recent studies have provided compelling evidence for an accelerated anthropogenic impact on coastal systems, resulting in intense inputs of materials and nutrients from the continent. This has led scientists and policymakers to encourage the implementation of monitoring programmes, which have resulted in the multiplicity of datasets. However surprisingly, only a few attempts have been made to couple observations with statistical and mathematical tools to detect, as soon as the data become available perturbations in coastal systems. Here, we propose new mathematical procedures to evaluate the state of a system, based on the building of relative reference state and indicators of nutrient over-enrichment. The techniques were tested in some French coastal systems using data from the programme SOMLIT. Applied to this dataset, the multivariate procedures rapidly identified and evaluated anthropogenic nutrient anomalies from the continent on three sites (Wimereux, Roscoff and Villefranche-sur-Mer) from 1997 onwards.  相似文献   

Hard-rock mining and water resources     

Wireman M  Stover B 《Ground water》2011,49(3):310-316

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Biogeochemical evolution of a landfill leachate plume, Norman, Oklahoma   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cozzarelli IM  Böhlke JK  Masoner J  Breit GN  Lorah MM  Tuttle ML  Jaeschke JB 《Ground water》2011,49(5):663-687

Leachate from municipal landfills can create groundwater contaminant plumes that may last for decades to centuries. The fate of reactive contaminants in leachate-affected aquifers depends on the sustainability of biogeochemical processes affecting contaminant transport. Temporal variations in the configuration of redox zones downgradient from the Norman Landfill were studied for more than a decade. The leachate plume contained elevated concentrations of nonvolatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC) (up to 300 mg/L), methane (16 mg/L), ammonium (650 mg/L as N), iron (23 mg/L), chloride (1030 mg/L), and bicarbonate (4270 mg/L). Chemical and isotopic investigations along a 2D plume transect revealed consumption of solid and aqueous electron acceptors in the aquifer, depleting the natural attenuation capacity. Despite the relative recalcitrance of NVDOC to biodegradation, the center of the plume was depleted in sulfate, which reduces the long-term oxidation capacity of the leachate-affected aquifer. Ammonium and methane were attenuated in the aquifer relative to chloride by different processes: ammonium transport was retarded mainly by physical interaction with aquifer solids, whereas the methane plume was truncated largely by oxidation. Studies near plume boundaries revealed temporal variability in constituent concentrations related in part to hydrologic changes at various time scales. The upper boundary of the plume was a particularly active location where redox reactions responded to recharge events and seasonal water-table fluctuations. Accurately describing the biogeochemical processes that affect the transport of contaminants in this landfill-leachate-affected aquifer required understanding the aquifer's geologic and hydrodynamic framework.  相似文献   

Assessing water quality in Marine Protected Areas from Southern California, USA     

Schiff K  Luk B  Gregorio D  Gruber S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(12):2780-2786

Despite the regulatory mandate to maintain “natural water quality”, there are ?271 storm drain discharges that potentially threaten the 14 designated marine water quality protected areas in Southern California called Areas of Special Biological Significance (ASBS). After sampling 35 site-events, the geomean concentrations of total suspended solids, nutrients, total and dissolved trace metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ocean following storm events were similar between reference drainages and ASBS discharge sites. Concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons were nondetectable and no post-storm sample exhibited significant toxicity to the endemic purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) near ASBS discharge sites. A reference-based threshold was developed and, despite the similarities in average concentrations, there were some individual ASBS discharge sites that were greater than reference background. Cumulatively across all ASBS, the constituents that were most frequently greater than the reference-based threshold were nutrients and general constituents, followed by dissolved and total trace metals.  相似文献   

塔拉哈西首都圈36英尺Hobas主管道爆裂的修复     

B.  W.  LaMay  R.E.  Hutchinson  V.  H.  Herrera  王虎译  乌效鸣校 《岩土钻凿工程》2011,(2):111-116

2008年8月,继Tropical Storm Fay之后,城市圈一段36英尺主管道又发生了三处破裂。这段主管道使用的是Hobas管,位于城市圈巷道下面。巷道属于佛罗里达州的运输部（FDOT）,是塔拉哈西最繁忙的路段。管道破裂采用非开挖修复以加快施工进度,减少对巷道的干扰,并最大限度修复管道。由于Hobas管以前没有破裂过,为了减小对FDOT的干扰,先采用一个试点对管道破裂修复可行性进行了验证。结果在90分钟内完成了280英尺,平均每分钟3英尺,施工过程没有造成干扰。从试点获得的经验在剩余管道设计和维修过程中得到了应用。  相似文献   

长春市暴雨强度公式编制和雨型确定     

许晖  ;王艳萍  ;张亮  ;崔佳龙 《吉林气象》2014,(4):30-32

利用长春市气象探测中心1961-2000年5-9月份的逐分钟降雨资料,统计得10个不同历时的雨量情况,分析了长春市短历时暴雨雨量的时间变化特征。通过计算和检验,得出长春市的暴雨强度公式和不同重现期的短历时设计暴雨强度。利用芝加哥法确定了长春市暴雨雨型。  相似文献