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11.
Preservation of biological information in thermal spring deposits: developing a strategy for the search for fossil life on Mars 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Current interpretations of the early history of Mars suggest many similarities with the early Earth and therefore raise the possibility that the Archean and Proterozoic history of life on Earth could have a counterpart on Mars. Terrestrial experience suggests that, with techniques that can be employed remotely, ancient springs, including thermal springs, could well yield important information. By delivering water and various dissolved species to the sunlit surface of Mars, springs very likely created an environment suitable for life, which could have been difficult, if not impossible, to attain elsewhere. The chemical and temperature gradients associated with thermal springs sort organisms into sharply delineated, distinctive and different communities, and so diverse organisms are concentrated into relatively small areas in a predictable and informative fashion. A wide range of metabolic strategies are concentrated into small areas, thus furnishing a useful and representative sampling of the existing biota. Mineral-charged springwaters frequently deposit chemical precipitates of silica and/or carbonate which incorporate microorganisms and preserve them as fossils. The juxtaposition of stream valley headwaters with volcanoes and impact craters on Mars strongly implies that subsurface heating of groundwater created thermal springs. On Earth, thermal springs create distinctive geomorphic features and chemical signatures which can be detected by remote sensing. Spring deposits can be quite different chemically from adjacent rocks. Individual springs can be hundreds of meters wide, and complexes of springs occupy areas up to several kilometers wide. Benthic microbial mats and the resultant stromatolites occupy a large fraction of the available area. The relatively high densities of fossils and microbial mat fabrics within these deposits make them highly prospective in any search for morphological evidence of life, and there are examples of microbial fossils in spring deposits as old as 300 Myr. 相似文献
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西班牙西部钻孔中石英脉厚度和金品位的分析表明二者大体服从幂次律分布，暗含着一种分形关系。脉厚（ｔ）对累积频率（Ｎ）的双对数困反映出与金、品位有关的系统变化。在方程Ｎ＝ｃｔ￣（－Ｄ）中的幂指数Ｄ，在高品位区间内较低，表明较厚的脉中扩张作用较强，从而为含金流体的运移提供了通过。因此，脉体厚度分布的鉴别为区别脉状金矿床中矿化与非矿化构造提供了一种方法。 相似文献
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麻粒岩相地体中的混合岩一般由发育于较细粒的叶理化基质中的一些粗粒的无水残留体细脉或网脉(活化体)所构成,我们认为这些特征是不一致的脱水熔融反应的结果(Waters,1988)。活化体并不代表分离熔融的成分,而是代表不同比例的(i)熔体(ii)不一致熔融的固体产物以及(iii)反应中没有被消耗掉的剩余相。在变质泥质岩和黑云母片麻岩中,近固相线的熔融成分为花岗质的,其水的含量可以做为T的函数估算出来,熔融反应可以达到平衡,因此生成相的相对体积也可预测。我们将计算的产物与实际观察的南非Nawagudand麻粒岩相混合岩的相分配和数量进行比较,在角闪岩与麻粒岩过渡带(约750℃)大约活化体中的典型成份表明有10 相似文献
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