Tectonic and lithologic control over landslide activity within the Larji–Kullu Tectonic Window in the Higher Himalayas of India     

Brijendra K. Mishra  Dipanjan Bhattacharjee  Anupam Chattopadhyay  Ganesh Prusty 《Natural Hazards》2018,92(2):673-697

The purpose of this study is to analyze and characterize recent landslide events in the Larji–Kullu Tectonic Window (LKTW), and to establish a relationship between the tectonic and lithologic characters of the terrain and the landslides activity. Using multispectral satellite image analysis with selected field investigation, a landslide occurrence database has been generated for the period between 1984 and 2015. To decipher the accelerated occurrences of landslides in the region, an integrated study is undertaken in the Kullu (also known as Kulu) valley of Beas River basin within the LKTW complex, to analyze the litho-structural and terrain slope interactions using morpho-tectonic parameters such as Topographic/Bedding Plane Interaction Angle (TOBIA) index, terrain surface roughness index and lithological competency analysis. A prominent clustering of landslides is observed in the north of Sainj River, contained within the tectonic window. Major sites of landslides are found to be located in the intensely fractured Manikaran Quartzite occurring within the core of the LKTW. The landslides are mostly associated with southern and southwestern-facing slopes and activations are pronounced in the ‘Orthoclinal’ slope class with gradient of 37°–48°. Thematic maps, e.g., geological, structural, geomorphological, slope and slope-aspect maps are generated and considered together to understand the morpho-tectonic scenario of the tectonic window. Observations from the above-stated thematic maps along with the occurrences of moderate magnitude earthquake epicenters helped to infer neotectonic movements along the Sainj River fault. Tectonic upliftment of the northern bank of the Sainj River along with increased precipitation through decades has resulted in recurrent landslides within the LKTW.  相似文献   

Evaluation of fertility indicators associated with arsenic-contaminated paddy fields soil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. S. Chauhan  S. K. Mishra  S. Misra  V. K. Dixit  S. Pandey  P. Khare  M. H. Khan  S. Dwivedi  A. Lehri 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(11):2447-2458

Emerging environmental issues related to heavy metal contamination in rice draw great concern about the soil quality of paddy farming lands irrigated with groundwater. Investigating the functioning of soil microorganisms exposed to heavy metal contamination is imperative for agricultural soil manipulations. The current study accentuates the influence of heavy metals on microbial activity and community composition in arable soil of West Bengal State of India. The result revealed that the fertility indicators (activity of all soil enzymes) and growth-limiting factors (soil N and P) were negatively correlated with the heavy metal stress except the soil total organic content which demonstrated significant positive correlation with the heavy metals. In case of functional diversity of soil, all the considered diversity indices exhibited no specific pattern along with the availability of heavy metals. Further, despite the heavy metal contamination, we observed a very complex and indifferent pattern of bacterial community composition along the heavy metal contamination sites. Overall, we found that γ-Proteobacteria had been the most abundant bacterial community followed by Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, β-Proteobacteria and α-Proteobacteria. Commemorating all the results, we can infer that arsenic and other heavy metal contamination is deteriorating the soil quality and hence warrants immediate attention of concerned soil scientist and agronomists.  相似文献   

Evaluation of initiating system by measurement of seismic energy dissipation in surface blasting     

Hemant Agrawal  A. K. Mishra 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(13):345

Enhanced demand for coal and minerals in the country has forced mine operators for mass production through large opencast mines. Heavy blasting and a large amount of explosive use have led to increased environmental problems, which may have potential harm and causes a disturbance. Ground vibrations generated due to blasting operations in mines and quarries are a very important environmental aspect. It is clear that a small amount of total explosive energy is being utilized in blasting for breakage of rock mass, while the rest is being wasted. The amount of energy which is wasted causes various environmental issues such as ground vibrations, air overpressure, and fly rock. Ground vibrations caused by blasting cannot be eliminated entirely, yet they can be minimized as far as possible through a suitable blasting methodology. A considerable amount of work has been done to identify ground vibrations and assess the blast performance regarding the intensity of ground vibrations, i.e., peak particle velocity and frequency spectrum. However, not much research has done into reducing the seismic energy wasted during blasting leading to ground vibrations. In this paper, the blast-induced ground vibrations in three orthogonal directions, i.e., transverse, vertical, and longitudinal, were recorded at different distances using seismographs. An attempt has been made for the estimation of the percentage of explosive energy dissipated in the form of seismic energy with electronic and non-electric (NONEL) initiation system. signal processing techniques with the help of DADiSP software is used to study the same.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary drainage reorganization assisted by surface faulting: The example of the Katrol Hill Fault zone,Kachchh, western India     

Deepak M. Maurya  Prabhuti Tiwari  Mohamedharoon Shaikh  Atul K. Patidar  Naimisha Vanik  Akash Padmalal  Laxman S. Chamyal 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(7):1268-1293

Drainage reorganization on restricted temporal and spatial scales is poorly-documented. We attempt to decode the relatively complicated mechanism of drainage realignment involving two small rivers that show structurally controlled, highly anomalous channel networks. We provide geomorphic and shallow subsurface evidence using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for the presence of a buried paleo-valley flowing northward through the wind gap and surface faulting along the range bounding Katrol Hill Fault (KHF) which correlates with the previously known three surface faulting events in last ~30 ka bp . Most of the present river channels and the KHF zone are occupied by aeolian miliolite (local name) which is stratigraphic and lithologic equivalent of the Late Quaternary carbonate rich aeolianite deposits occurring in several parts of the globe. The history of drainage evolution in the study area comprises pre-miliolite, syn-miliolite and post-miliolite phases. Geomorphic evidences show that the paleo-Gangeshwar River flowed north through the wind gap and paleo-valley, while the short paleo-Gunawari occupied the saddle zone to the east of Ler dome prior to and during the phase of miliolite deposition which ended by ~40 ka bp . Southward tilting of the Katrol Hill Range (KHR) due to surface faulting cut off the catchment of the paleo-Gangeshwar River. The abandoned catchment stream extended its channel eastward along the strike through top-down process while the paleo-Gunawari River extended its course westward by headward erosion (bottom-up process). As the channels advanced towards each other they joined to produce the “S”-shaped bend which formed the capture point. We conclude that multiple surface faulting events along the KHF in the last ~30 ka bp , resulted in uplift and tilting of the KHR which caused drainage realignment by river diversion, beheading and river capture. Our study shows that the complexity of drainage reorganization processes is more explicit on shorter rather than longer timescales.  相似文献   

Unlocking possibility of blasting near residential structure using electronic detonators     

Arvind K. Mishra 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,81(3):429-435

Ever since development of human civilization, mining and agriculture has been the backbone of growth. Today the most developed countries of the world are the ones focused on core economical development, be it power generation, steel making, oil and gas production, or agriculture. Mining has been gaining importance over the years both from the economic perspective and as an area of sustained research. With the advent of globalization, things have changed very fast and today it is an industry that is driving the economies of several nations. Global competition has propelled countries to reach higher production levels through better techniques of drilling and blasting, excavation and mineral processing. We now have bigger and faster drill machines and excavators. In Explosives technology too significant progress has been made towards having safer explosives and accurate initiating systems that have increased overall control over blasting in terms of vibration, fragmentation, throw, fly rock and overall blast economics. Explosives and Rock Blasting Technology has advanced so much in the last few decades that blasting can now be precisely performed, controlled and predicted. Development of new tools like electronic blasting systems and advanced simulation software has made it possible to customize blasting results as per requirement. These developments have helped mining engineer worldwide in reaping huge productivity benefits besides making it possible to meet the environmental norms even in most demanding conditions. Inability to blast large size shots on account of proximity of mines to human habitation have always constrained mine management in fully leveraging the strength of large size production equipments. Mine managers have been forced to conduct small blasts on increased frequency to provide feed to large capacity shovels while compromising on Shovel productivity on account of undesirable movement of shovels during blasting. This paper deals with a case study at SEB quarry of Tata Steel wherein it was difficult to fire a big blast due to existing nearby structures. A critical scientific study was conducted before successfully firing of one of the biggest shot of 83 tonnes in the history of quarry. The paper discusses the issues being faced, alternate solutions opted and the final outcome.  相似文献   

Luminescence chronology of the inland sand dunes from SE India     

Dontireddy Venkat Reddy  Vuddaraju Singaraju  Rakesh Mishra  Devender Kumar  Puthusserry Joseph Thomas  Karra Kameshwa Rao  Ashok Kumar Singhvi 《Quaternary Research》2013

Records of past climate changes have been preserved variously on the earth's surface. Sand dunes are one such prominent imprint, and it is suggested that their presence is an indicator of periods of transition from arid to less arid phases. We report inland sand dunes from Andhra Pradesh (SE India) spread over an area of ~ 500 km², ~ 75 km inland from the east coast. The dune sands are examined to understand their provenance, transportation, timing of sand aggradation and their relationship to past climates. The dune distribution, grain morphology and the grain-size studies on sands suggest an aeolian origin. Physiography of the study area, heavy mineral assemblage, and abundance of quartz in the parent rocks indicate that the dune sands are largely derived from first-order streams emanating from hills in the region and from weathering of the Nellore schist belt. It appears that the geomorphology and wind direction pattern both facilitated and restricted the dune aggradation and preservation to a limited area. OSL dating of 47 dune samples ranged from the present to ~ 50 ka, thereby suggesting a long duration of sand-dune aggradation and/or reworking history.  相似文献   

Biodegradation of benzo(a)pyrene mediated by catabolic enzymes of bacteria     

S. Mishra  S. N. Singh 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(6):1571-1580

An investigation was carried out to compare the ability of two bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa PSA5 and Rhodococcus sp. NJ2 isolated from petroleum sludge for degradation of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], a HMW PAH compound in MSM. During 25 days of incubation, 50 ppm B(a)P was degraded by 88 and 47 % by P. aeruginosa PSA5 and Rhodococcus sp. NJ2, respectively. Besides, involvement of different catabolic enzymes, that is, salicylate hydroxylase, 2-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase, catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, was also examined to identify their differential role in B(a)P degradation. Among these enzymes, the highest induction of 2-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase (773.5 nmol mg^?1 protein) was recorded in P. aeruginosa PSA5, while salicylate hydroxylase was highly expressed (839.6 nmol mg^?1 protein) in Rhodococcus sp. NJ2. Both the bacteria were found biosurfactant (glycolipid) producing, and role of biosurfactant in PAH degradation was also ascertained by reduced surface tension, higher emulsification index and increased cell surface hydrophobicity.  相似文献   

Total column ozone retrieval using INSAT-3D sounder in the tropics: A simulation study     

P Jindal  P K Thapliyal  M V Shukla  A K Mishra  D Mitra 《Journal of Earth System Science》2014,123(6):1265-1271

The present study examines the potential of infrared sounder observations from Indian geostationary satellite INSAT-3D for the estimation of total column integrated ozone over the tropical Indian region. A dataset with diverse profiles was used to create training and testing datasets using forward simulations from a radiative transfer model for infrared sounder channels. A study was carried out for the standard tropical atmospheric profile to examine the sensitivity of ozone band radiance corresponding to the atmospheric temperature, water vapour, and ozone mixing ratios at different atmospheric pressure levels. Further, statistical retrieval technique has been used for the total column ozone estimation using two different approaches: (i) ozone channel observation along with the a-priori estimate of temperature and water vapour profile and (ii) only sounder channels observations. The accuracy of the retrieval algorithms was examined for different errors in the atmospheric profiles for the method (i) and different sensor noise specification for the method (ii). This study has shown that accurate temperature information is very important for ozone estimation and lower instrument noise results in better ozone estimates.  相似文献   

GIS-based morpho-tectonic studies of Alaknanda river basin: a precursor for hazard zonation     

D. P. Shukla  C. S. Dubey  A. S. Ningreichon  R. P. Singh  B. K. Mishra  S. K. Singh 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(3):1433-1452

Alaknanda river basin is considered to be tectonically active where damaging earthquakes and landslides have occurred. The whole basin was divided into 8 sub-basins to carry out morphometric analyses, hypsometric integral (HI) analysis and valley floor width to valley height ratio (V _f) factor. The sub-basins 2 and 3 show that they are highly active, because of the higher values of bifurcation ratio, stream frequency asymmetric factor, and lower values of form factor, elongation ratio and circulatory ratio. In these areas, HI values are very low indicating that the landscape is highly eroded, deeply dissected and tectonically active. The result obtained from V _f was similar which classified both these basins as highly active. Morphometric analysis, HI and V _f analyses along with structural map of study area are used to prepare morpho-tectonic map classifying the whole area into very high, high, moderate and low zones of tectonic activity. This map clearly indicates that the areas near MCT II (Munsiari Thrust), MCT III (Ramgarh Thrust) and North Almora Thrust are tectonically very active which fall in sub-basins 2, 3, 4 and parts of 5. Various locations such as Chamoli, Birahi, Pipalkoti, Rudraprayag, etc. are situated in these zones where many earthquakes and landslides occur every year. Moreover, the data plotted for earthquakes and landslides occurrences are consistent with morpho-tectonic map and can be used as a precursor for demarcation of natural hazard vulnerable zones.  相似文献   

Fitting a simplified two-parameter gamma distribution function for synthetic sediment graph derivation from ungauged catchments     

P. K. Singh  M. K. Jain  S. K. Mishra 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(6):1835-1841

A simple procedure is proposed and demonstrated to generate synthetic sediment graphs (SSG) for ungauged catchments. The proposed procedure makes use of widely used two-parameter gamma distribution function in a simplified manner. The shape and scale parameters of the distribution are derived using simple analytical procedures given by Bhunya et al. (J Hydrol Eng 8(4):226–230, 2003) for situations where partial data is usually available as in the case with sedimentation studies. The direct sediment graphs are computed by convolution of unit sediment graph with the mobilized sediment. The suitability of the proposed procedure is tested using the temporally observed sediment graph data of seven small watersheds of Piedmont Province of the Potomac River Basin, Washington D.C., USA. The results obtained are compared with the rigorous synthetic procedure of Chen and Kuo (J Hydrol 84:35–54, 1986). The goodness-of-fit in terms of absolute relative error in peak sediment outflow rate and time-to-peak sediment outflow rate between observed and computed sediment graphs by proposed as well as Chen and Kuo method shows that the proposed procedure produces results well comparable and even better than those obtained using Chen and Kuo procedure and therefore can be successfully used for development of SSG for ungauged catchments. It is worth noting here that the proposed procedure is very simple in application as compared to the rigorous procedure of Chen and Kuo and eliminates the restriction on storm duration and incorporates the routing concept which plays an important role in sedimentation. Moreover, since the proposed procedure makes use of probability distribution function, several other suitable distributions can also be explored for derivation of synthetic sediment graphs from ungauged catchments.  相似文献