柴达木盆地北缘中、新生代构造演化探讨   总被引：28，自引：1，他引：28  

狄恒恕  王松贵 《地球科学》1991,16(5):533-539

本文通过近年来的地震反射信息研究,对柴达木盆地北缘中、新生代地质构造演化进行了分析,透过红山地区这个窗口,揭示柴达木盆地内中、新生代两个世代的构造成因类型,展示二者叠置关系和构造样式,认为该区存在先张后压的演化历史,且后期挤压作用破坏和改造早期拉张构造样式,从而更有效地指导盆地中生代油气藏的勘探。  相似文献   

改进型反褶积分层解释法——一种应用PC～1500计算机处理γ测井资料的新方法     

狄觉斋 《铀矿地质》1987,(2)

本文吸取了现行Υ测井资料解释方法的合理部分,提出了改进型反褶积分层解释法。叙述了方法的原理及设置判别因子的原则。作者以PC-1500微机为例给出了改进后的反褶积分层解释法程序流程图。通过对模型钻孔和实际钻孔测井资料的解释,证实了方法的合理性和可行性,克服了目前平均强度法中存在的人为影响,扩大了一般分层解释法的应用范围,该法可在现场及时取得结果,提高了解释速度和质量。  相似文献   

动态聚类-模糊模式识别及其应用     

殷棣  贺国信 《铀矿地质》1987,(6)

本文以模糊子集论为指导,在迪戴的DCM法的基础上提出了动态聚类-模糊模式识别方法。实际上,它是一种新的模糊聚类的方法。该方法以DCM法的动态聚类部分做为原始数据变换的手段,而将迪戴的强模式概念推广为模糊模式,将强模式识别推广为模糊模式识别。此外,还提出了模糊模式间联系度的概念,从而解决了类间联系、类内典型个体、类间过渡个体、个体对各类的隶属程度以及内部有某种演化趋势的类别的划分等问题。文章还给出了该方法的数学模型和算法概要。最后,通过一个在地质学中的应用实例,说明了该方法的应用效果。  相似文献   

强震地面运动的超随机特性研究   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4  

徐国栋  周锡元  董娣  杨润林 《地震工程与工程振动》2005,25(2):1-9

简述了几种常用的地震动平稳随机模型，这几种地震动平稳随机模型的功率谱是一组光滑的函数，相应的自相关函数基本上是指数衰减的振荡函数，且很快衰减到零；但是真实地震动的归一化自相关函数则有一较显著的随机噪声项，这个随机噪声的幅值为0．15左右，这就是本文中所说的超随机特性。目前常用的地震动平稳随机模型没有考虑这个随机噪声项及其对结构反应的影响。本文将真实地震动的自相关函数分解为一确定性函数和一随机噪声的叠加，并对自相关函数中的噪声部分进行了分析，得出两条重要性质。本文的研究结果表明地震动加速度时程的平方和(SS)比峰值加速度(PGA)更好地量度了地震地面运动强度。由于归一化自相关函数的随机噪声部分所对应的功率谱的随机波动成分对频率的积分为零，即归一化自相关函数的噪声部分对地震动总功率或平方和的贡献为零，因此自相关函数的随机噪声项对地震动的幅值影响不大，但自相关函数的随机噪声项明显改变了地震动功率谱在频域上的分布特征，因此会对结构反应产生一定的影响。由于篇幅所限详细内容将在下一篇文章中作进一步探讨。  相似文献   

Petrology and 40Ar–39Ar dating of shear zones in the Lanterman Range (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica): implications for metamorphic and temporal evolution at terrane boundaries     

L. Crispini  G. Di Vincenzo  R. Palmeri 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,89(3-4):217-249

Summary The Lanterman Fault Zone, a major terrane boundary in northern Victoria Land, displays a polyphase structural evolution. After west-over-east thrusting, it experienced sinistral strike-slip shearing. Sheared metabasites from the Wilson Terrane (inboard terrane) preserve a record of retrograde metamorphic evolution. Shearing took place under amphibolite-facies metamorphic conditions (roughly comparable to those reached during regional metamorphism) which later evolved to greenschist-facies conditions. In contrast, the Bowers Terrane (outboard terrane) preserves a prograde metamorphic evolution which developed from greenschist-facies to amphibolite-facies metamorphism during shearing, followed by greenschist-facies metamorphism during the late deformational stages. Laser step-heating ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar analyses of syn-shear amphibolite-facies amphiboles yielded ages of 480–460 Ma, in agreement with a ∼480-Ma age obtained from a biotite aligned along the mylonitic foliation. These ages are younger than those (∼492 to ∼495 Ma) obtained from pre-shear amphibole relics linked to regional metamorphism of the Wilson Terrane. Results attribute the structural and metamorphic reworking during shearing to the late stages of the Cambrian-Ordovician Ross Orogeny and to the Middle-Late Ordovician probably in relation to the beginning of deformation in the Lachlan Orogen, thus precluding any appreciable impact of the Devonian-Carboniferous Borchgrevink event in the study area.  相似文献   

Analysis of sustained long-period activity at Etna Volcano, Italy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gilberto Saccorotti  Ivan Lokmer  Christopher J. Bean  Giuseppe Di Grazia  Domenico Patan 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2007,160(3-4):340-354

Following the installation of a broadband network on Mt. Etna, sustained Long-Period (LP) activity was recorded accompanying a period of total quiescence and the subsequent onset of the 2004–2005 effusive episode. From about 56000 events detected by an automatic classification procedure, we analyse a subset of about 3000 signals spanning the December 17th, 2003–September 25th, 2004, time interval. LP spectra are characterised by several, unevenly-spaced narrow peaks spanning the 0.5–10 Hz frequency band. These peaks are common to all the recording sites of the network, and different from those associated with tremor signals. Throughout the analysed time interval, LP spectra and waveforms maintain significant similarity, thus indicating the involvement of a non-destructive source process that we interpret in terms of the resonance of a fluid-filled buried cavity. Polarisation analysis indicates radiation from a non-isotropic source involving large amounts of shear. Concurrently with LP signals, recordings from the summit station also depict Very-Long-Period (VLP) pulses whose rectilinear motion points to a region located beneath the summit craters at depths ranging between 800 and 1100 m beneath the surface. Based on a refined repicking of similar waveforms, we obtain robust locations for a selected subset of the most energetic LP events from probabilistic inversion of travel-times calculated for a 3D heterogenous structure. LP sources cluster in a narrow volume located beneath the summit craters, and extending to a maximum depth of ≈ 800 m beneath the surface. No causal relationships are observed between LP, VLP and tremor activities and the onset of the 2004–2005 lava effusions, thus indicating that magmatic overpressure played a limited role in triggering this eruption. These data represent the very first observation of LP and VLP activity at Etna during non-eruptive periods, and open the way to the quantitative modelling of the geometry and dynamics of the shallow plumbing system.  相似文献   

Capturing critical behaviour in soil moisture spatio-temporal dynamics     

Antonella Di Domenico  Giovanni Laguardia  Mauro Fiorentino 《Advances in water resources》2007

A physical system is subject to a phase transition process when it shows a discontinuous change of a macroscopic feature of the system under a continuous change of a system’s state variable.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the SEDD model for predicting sediment yield at the Sicilian experimental SPA2 basin     

Costanza Di Stefano  Vito Ferro 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(7):1094-1109

In this paper a spatially distributed model of the hillslope sediment delivery processes, named the sediment delivery distributed (SEDD) model, is initially reviewed; the model takes into account the sediment delivery processes due to both the hillslope sediment transport and the effects of slope curvature. Then the rainfall and sediment yield events measured at the experimental SPA2 basin, in Sicily, are used both to calibrate the SEDD model and to verify the predictive capability of the distributed sediment delivery approach at event scale. For the SPA2 basin discretized into morphological units and stream tubes, the SEDD model is calibrated at event scale using the measurements carried out at the outlet of the experimental basin in the period December 2000–January 2001. The model calibration is used to determine a relationship useful for estimating the unique coefficient β_e of the model by rainfall erosivity factor R_e at event scale. To test the predictive capability of the β_e = f(R_e) relationship, 20 events measured in the period September 2002–December 2005 are used; the comparison between measured sediment yield values and calculated ones for all monitored events shows that the sediment delivery distributed approach has a good predictive ability at event scale. The analysis also shows that estimating β_e by the relationship β_e = f(R_e) gives a better agreement between measured and calculated sediment yields than obtained with the median value β_e,m of all 27 calculated β_e values. Finally the analysis at annual scale, for the period 2000–2005, allows the estimation of the median value β_a,m representative of the annual behaviour. This analysis shows that the sediment delivery distributed approach also has a good predictive ability at annual scale. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

南通地区新构造运动特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

范迪富  徐雪球 《江苏地质》2002,26(1):7-12

从盆地沉积及其演变特征入手，总结了该区新构造运动特征；运用新构造运动理论对海岸线的变迁、长江的迁移及旋扭变形现象进行了探讨，并提出建立第四系各年代的地层沉降速率数学模型、用升降运动速率划分和对比第四纪地层的见解。  相似文献   

Fall vs flow activity during the 1991 climactic eruption of Pinatubo Volcano (Philippines)     

M. Rosi  M. Paladio-Melosantos  A. Di Muro  R. Leoni  T. Bacolcol 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2001,62(8):549-566

Six years after the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption, deep erosion incisions into the pyroclastic deposits accumulated around the volcano enabled us to investigate the stratigraphy of the climactic deposits both in valley bottoms and on contiguous ridges. Stratigraphic relationships between fall, flow, and surge deposits in the Marella drainage system indicate that during the climactic eruption a progressive shift occurred from an early convective regime, to a transitional regime feeding both the plinian convective column and mostly dilute density currents, to a fully collapsing regime producing mostly dense pyroclastic flows. Syn-plinian dilute density currents (surges) propagated up to ~10 km from the crater, both along valley bottoms and on contiguous ridges of the Marella Valley, whereas post-plinian pyroclastic flows had greater runout (~13 km), were confined to valleys and were not associated with significant surges. Stratigraphic study and grain-size analyses allow the identification of three types of intra-plinian deposits: (a) lower and often coarse-grained surge deposits, emplaced during the accumulation of the coarsest portion of the fallout bed at time intervals of ~16-24 min; (b) upper fine-grained surge deposits, interstratified with the fine-grained portion of the fall bed and emplaced at shorter time intervals of ~3-13 min; and (c) small-volume, channel-confined, massive pumiceous flow deposits interbedded with the upper surges in the upper fine-grained fall bed. Maximum clast size isopleths of 1.6 and 0.8 cm for lithics (ML) and 2.0 and 4.0 cm for pumices (MP) show almost symmetrical distribution around the vent, indicating that the passing of the typhoon Yunya during the climactic eruption had little effect on trajectories of high-Reynold-number clasts. Significant distortion was, however, observed for the 3.2-cm ML and 6.0-cm MP proximal isopleths, whose patterns were probably influenced by the interaction of the clasts falling from column margins with the uprising co-ignimbrite ash plumes. Application of the Carey and Sparks (1986) model to the undisturbed isopleths generated by the umbrella cloud yields a maximum column height of ~42 km, in good agreement with satellite measurements. Systematic stratigraphic and vertical grain-size studies of the plinian fall deposit in the Marella Valley, combined with satellite data and eyewitness accounts, reveal that the carrying capacity of the convective column and related fallout activity peaked in the early phase of the eruption, beginning slightly before 13:41 and gradually declined until its cessation 3 h later. Most of the pumiceous pyroclastic flow deposits were emplaced after the end of the fallout activity at ~16:30 but before the summit caldera collapse at approximately 19:11. Only a small volume of pumiceous flow deposits accumulated after the final caldera collapse. In contrast to the previous reconstruction of Holasek et al. (1996), which interpreted the progressive lowering of the column, documented by satellite data, as due to a decreasing mass eruption rate, we suggest that a progressive shift from a plinian column to a large co-ignimbrite column could also account for such a variation.  相似文献