济阳坳陷上第三系的沉积特征及沉积相的纵向演化规律   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

狄明信  戴启德  国景星 《地质论评》1994,40(7):46-51

本文根据岩性特征、沉积构造、砂体厚度和测井曲线特征等资料，对4口岩心井进行了沉积相分析，详细研究了不同时期的河流类型及沉积相的演化规律，从而认为济阳凹陷上第三系沉积大体经历了3个阶段：早期的冲积扇一辫状河阶段，中期的辫状河一低弯度曲流河阶段及晚期的高弯度曲流河阶段，同时分析了不同砂体的油气储集性能。  相似文献   

济阳坳陷上第三系馆陶组上段沉积相研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

国景星  戴启德  狄明信  李继红 《地质论评》1994,40(7):145-153

利用地质资料、测井资料、地震资料及分析化验资料对济阳坳陷上第三系馆陶组上段岩相古地理特征进行了全面系统地研究。首先从岩性、沉积结构和构造、砂体形态、电性特征、地震反射等方面论证馆陶组上段为山麓洪积相和河流相沉积，其中它们又可进一步细分为10种亚相或微相。其次，详细论述了沉积相的平面展布，同时还指出了油气分布与沉积相带的关系。此外，本文还指出馆陶组上段沉积期的物源方向、河流流向、最终汇水区及当时的古气候条件等。  相似文献   

应用模式识别定量划分潜在震源区   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

丁韫玉  杜兴信 《地震研究》1990,13(2):122-130

本文以陕西关中及部分邻区为例,考虑地质构造、地震活动及地球物地场等因素,采用不同的模式识别方法和多种计算方案,以定量判定潜在震源区。其结果表明,模式识别方法有利于地质、地震活动及地球物理场等多种因素综合应用,并能选择和显示判定潜有震源区的主要特征。不同模式识别方法的比较和多种试验方案的综合,则可提高潜在震源区判定的可靠性和稳定性。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地北缘中、新生代构造演化探讨   总被引：28，自引：1，他引：28  

狄恒恕  王松贵 《地球科学》1991,16(5):533-539

本文通过近年来的地震反射信息研究,对柴达木盆地北缘中、新生代地质构造演化进行了分析,透过红山地区这个窗口,揭示柴达木盆地内中、新生代两个世代的构造成因类型,展示二者叠置关系和构造样式,认为该区存在先张后压的演化历史,且后期挤压作用破坏和改造早期拉张构造样式,从而更有效地指导盆地中生代油气藏的勘探。  相似文献   

改进型反褶积分层解释法——一种应用PC～1500计算机处理γ测井资料的新方法     

狄觉斋 《铀矿地质》1987,(2)

本文吸取了现行Υ测井资料解释方法的合理部分,提出了改进型反褶积分层解释法。叙述了方法的原理及设置判别因子的原则。作者以PC-1500微机为例给出了改进后的反褶积分层解释法程序流程图。通过对模型钻孔和实际钻孔测井资料的解释,证实了方法的合理性和可行性,克服了目前平均强度法中存在的人为影响,扩大了一般分层解释法的应用范围,该法可在现场及时取得结果,提高了解释速度和质量。  相似文献   

动态聚类-模糊模式识别及其应用     

殷棣  贺国信 《铀矿地质》1987,(6)

本文以模糊子集论为指导,在迪戴的DCM法的基础上提出了动态聚类-模糊模式识别方法。实际上,它是一种新的模糊聚类的方法。该方法以DCM法的动态聚类部分做为原始数据变换的手段,而将迪戴的强模式概念推广为模糊模式,将强模式识别推广为模糊模式识别。此外,还提出了模糊模式间联系度的概念,从而解决了类间联系、类内典型个体、类间过渡个体、个体对各类的隶属程度以及内部有某种演化趋势的类别的划分等问题。文章还给出了该方法的数学模型和算法概要。最后,通过一个在地质学中的应用实例,说明了该方法的应用效果。  相似文献   

Dynamics of lava flow fronts, Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica     

Andrea Borgia  Scott Linneman  Daniel Spencer  Luis Diego Morales  Jose Brenes Andre 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1983,19(3-4)

Arenal Volcano has effused basaltic andesite lava flows nearly continuously since September, 1968. The two different kinds of material in flows, lava and lava debris, have different rheologic properties and dynamic behavior. Flow morphology depends on the relationship between the amount and distribution of the lava and the debris, and to a lesser extent the ground morphology.Two main units characterize the flows: the channel zone and the frontal zone. The channel zone consists of two different units, the levées and the channel proper. A velocity profile in the channel shows a maximum value at the plug where the rate of shear is zero, and a velocity gradient increasing outward until, at the levées, the velocity becomes zero. Cooling produces a marked temperature gradient in the flow, leading to the formation of debris by brittle fracture when a critical value of shear rate to viscosity is reached. When the lava supply ceases, much of this debris and part of the lava is left behind after the flow nucleus drains out, forming a collapsed channel.Processes at the frontal zone include levée formation, debris formation, the change in shape of the front, and the choice of the flow path. These processes are controlled primarily by the rheological properties of the lava.Frontal zone dynamics can be understood by fixing the flow front as the point of reference. The lava flows through the channel into the front where it flows out into the levées, thereby increasing the length of the channel and permitting the front to advance. The front shows a relationship of critical height to the yield strength (τ₀) surface tension, and slope; its continued movement is activated by the pressure of the advancing lava in the channel behind. For an ideal flow (isothermal, homogeneous, and isotropic) the ratio of the section of channel proper to the section of levées is calculated and the distance the front will have moved at any time t_x can be determined once the amount of lava available to the front is known. Assuming that the velocity function of the front {G(t)} during the collapsing stage is proportional to the entrance pressure of the lava at the channel-front boundary, an exponential decrease of velocity through time is predicted, which shows good agreement with actual frontal velocity measurements taken on two flows. Local variations in slope have a secondary effect on frontal velocities.Under conditions of constant volume the frontal zone can be considered as a machine that consumes energy brought in by the lava to perform work (front advancement). While the front will use its potential energy to run the process, the velocity at which it occurs is controlled by the activation energy that enters the system as the kinetic energy of the lava flowing into the front. A relation for the energy contribution due to frontal acceleration is also derived. Finally the entrance pressure, that permits the front to deform, is calculated. Its small value confirms that the lava behaves very much like a Bingham plastic.  相似文献   

强震地面运动的超随机特性研究   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4  

徐国栋  周锡元  董娣  杨润林 《地震工程与工程振动》2005,25(2):1-9

简述了几种常用的地震动平稳随机模型，这几种地震动平稳随机模型的功率谱是一组光滑的函数，相应的自相关函数基本上是指数衰减的振荡函数，且很快衰减到零；但是真实地震动的归一化自相关函数则有一较显著的随机噪声项，这个随机噪声的幅值为0．15左右，这就是本文中所说的超随机特性。目前常用的地震动平稳随机模型没有考虑这个随机噪声项及其对结构反应的影响。本文将真实地震动的自相关函数分解为一确定性函数和一随机噪声的叠加，并对自相关函数中的噪声部分进行了分析，得出两条重要性质。本文的研究结果表明地震动加速度时程的平方和(SS)比峰值加速度(PGA)更好地量度了地震地面运动强度。由于归一化自相关函数的随机噪声部分所对应的功率谱的随机波动成分对频率的积分为零，即归一化自相关函数的噪声部分对地震动总功率或平方和的贡献为零，因此自相关函数的随机噪声项对地震动的幅值影响不大，但自相关函数的随机噪声项明显改变了地震动功率谱在频域上的分布特征，因此会对结构反应产生一定的影响。由于篇幅所限详细内容将在下一篇文章中作进一步探讨。  相似文献   

Factors affecting arsenic concentration in groundwaters from Northwestern Chaco-Pampean Plain,Argentina     

María Gabriela García  Ondra Sracek  Diego Sebastián Fernández  Margarita del Valle Hidalgo 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(7):1261-1275

The concentration of arsenic measured in groundwater from three aquifers in the study area located in the Eastern Tucuman province, Argentina, mostly depends on the lithology, but the spatial and temporal variations of concentrations seem to be also controlled by pH changes, climatic factors, and human perturbations. The highest concentrations of As (more than 1,000 μg L⁻¹) were found in the shallow aquifer, made of As-rich loess, while the lowest concentrations were measured in the deep confined aquifer, consisting of alternating layers of alluvial sands/gravels and clays. Intermediate values were measured in the semiconfined aquifer made of the fluvial sediments deposited in the Salí River valley, that alternate in the upper part of the sedimentary sequence with layers of loess. Because most of As in the loess is considered to be adsorbed onto Fe-oxyhydroxide coatings, the increase of pH in the flow direction (west-east) leads to increasing arsenic concentrations towards the eastern border of the study area. The decomposition of organic wastes poured into the Salí River or associated with local and diffuse sources of contamination in the eastern part of the study area depletes dissolved oxygen, which leads to the reductive dissolution of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides, and to the subsequent release of the adsorbed and co-precipitated As. This process mainly affects shallow groundwater and the upper part of the semiconfined aquifer. Geochemical and hydrological data also suggest that rising water table levels at the end of the wet season may also lead to reductive dissolution of As-rich Fe oxyhydroxides in the shallow aquifer.  相似文献   

Petrology and 40Ar–39Ar dating of shear zones in the Lanterman Range (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica): implications for metamorphic and temporal evolution at terrane boundaries     

L. Crispini  G. Di Vincenzo  R. Palmeri 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,89(3-4):217-249

Summary The Lanterman Fault Zone, a major terrane boundary in northern Victoria Land, displays a polyphase structural evolution. After west-over-east thrusting, it experienced sinistral strike-slip shearing. Sheared metabasites from the Wilson Terrane (inboard terrane) preserve a record of retrograde metamorphic evolution. Shearing took place under amphibolite-facies metamorphic conditions (roughly comparable to those reached during regional metamorphism) which later evolved to greenschist-facies conditions. In contrast, the Bowers Terrane (outboard terrane) preserves a prograde metamorphic evolution which developed from greenschist-facies to amphibolite-facies metamorphism during shearing, followed by greenschist-facies metamorphism during the late deformational stages. Laser step-heating ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar analyses of syn-shear amphibolite-facies amphiboles yielded ages of 480–460 Ma, in agreement with a ∼480-Ma age obtained from a biotite aligned along the mylonitic foliation. These ages are younger than those (∼492 to ∼495 Ma) obtained from pre-shear amphibole relics linked to regional metamorphism of the Wilson Terrane. Results attribute the structural and metamorphic reworking during shearing to the late stages of the Cambrian-Ordovician Ross Orogeny and to the Middle-Late Ordovician probably in relation to the beginning of deformation in the Lachlan Orogen, thus precluding any appreciable impact of the Devonian-Carboniferous Borchgrevink event in the study area.  相似文献