面向网络环境的地理空间数据数字水印模型     

符浩军  朱长青  赵毅  任娜 《测绘学报》2013,(6):891-897

从网络环境下地理空间数据分发、使用的安全性角度出发,结合数据加密思想,顾及网络环境中地理空间数据特性,构建了一种面向网络环境的地理空间数据数字水印模型。在此模型基础上,考虑到网络环境中地理数据来源的多样性,建立了水印算法库,对地理数据本身进行数字水印的嵌入。同时,提出一种基于数据包的数字水印算法,算法将水印信息通过映射函数以量化方式嵌入网络传输中的数据包中。试验表明,作为一种面向网络环境的数字水印模型,较好地解决了网络环境下地理空间数据的使用权限控制、版权保护、跟踪管理等问题。  相似文献   

资源三号测绘卫星三线阵影像高精度几何检校     

蒋永华  张过  唐新明  祝小勇  秦前清  李德仁  付兴科 《测绘学报》2013,(4):523-529,553

高精度几何检校是测绘卫星实现立体测图的关键。提出了用于星载光学卫星在轨几何检校的严密成像几何模型,推导了多线阵CCD拼接的内方位元素模型,在此基础上构建基于偏置矩阵及内方位元素模型的多检校场联合几何检校模型和几何检校方案。针对我国第一颗民用测绘卫星资源三号,利用华北多个地区1∶2000的数字正射影像和数字高程模型对资源三号三线阵影像进行几何检校,利用河北安平靶标区域三线阵数据进行验证。结果表明,采用本文的方案,资源三号测绘卫星无控制点平面定位精度优于20 m,利用靶标控制点的平面定位精度优于0.6 m,高程精度优于0.5 m,达到资源三号测绘卫星所能达到的理论极限精度;并验证了资源三号三线阵相机并不存在镜头光学畸变,只是存在主距变化、CCD排列旋转等引起的线性误差。  相似文献   

基于灰色预测法的超市选址模型研究     

付金辉  赵军喜  高源 《测绘工程》2013,(5):46-50

超市的选址是企业战略决策的重要内容之一,影响超市选址的各种因子错综复杂,无法进行精确的定量分析。文中对影响超市选址的各种因子建立二级选址指标体系,进行权重分析,同时结合选址因子结构关系模糊、动态变化随机、浮动范围不确定等灰色特性,采用灰色预测法建立超市选址模型,并利用缓冲区分析、叠置分析等GIS空间分析方法,基于Supermapobjects组件进行了二次开发实验。  相似文献   

陕北靖边庙梁遗址浮选结果与分析     

傅文彬  邸楠  邵晶  胡松梅  杨瑞琛  赵志军 《第四纪研究》2022,42(1):119-128

庙梁遗址是陕北地区仰韶晚期至龙山时期的一处聚落遗址,其出土遗存开启的龙山时代后期"双鋬鬲陶器体系"被认为是石峁文化的重要源头.在发掘过程中对房址、灰坑、灶址等遗迹共采得土样32份,共计143.5 L,其中包括仰韶晚期的样品14份,共67 L;龙山时期的样品18份,共76.5 L.通过对庙梁遗址开展的浮选工作,发现了23...  相似文献   

Climate Warming Mitigation from Nationally Determined Contributions     

Bo FU  Jingyi LI  Thomas GASSER  Philippe CIAIS  Shilong PIAO  Shu TAO  Guofeng SHEN  Yuqin LAI  Luchao HAN  Bengang LI 《大气科学进展》2022,39(8):1217-1228

Individual countries are requested to submit nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to alleviate global warming in the Paris Agreement. However, the global climate effects and regional contributions are not explicitly considered in the countries’ decision-making process. In this study, we evaluate the global temperature slowdown of the NDC scenario (?T = 0.6°C) and attribute the global temperature slowdown to certain regions of the world with a compact earth system model. Considering reductions in CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC, and SO₂, the R5OECD (the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1990) and R5ASIA (Asian countries) are the top two contributors to global warming mitigation, accounting for 39.3% and 36.8%, respectively. R5LAM (Latin America and the Caribbean) and R5MAF (the Middle East and Africa) followed behind, with contributions of 11.5% and 8.9%, respectively. The remaining 3.5% is attributed to R5REF (the Reforming Economies). Carbon Dioxide emission reduction is the decisive factor of regional contributions, but not the only one. Other greenhouse gases are also important, especially for R5MAF. The contribution of short-lived aerosols is small but significant, notably SO₂ reduction in R5ASIA. We argue that additional species beyond CO₂ need to be considered, including short-lived pollutants, when planning a route to mitigate climate change. It needs to be emphasized that there is still a gap to achieve the Paris Agreement 2-degree target with current NDC efforts, let alone the ambitious 1.5-degree target. All countries need to pursue stricter reduction policies for a more sustainable world.  相似文献   

Fengyun-4 Geostationary Satellite-Based Solar Energy Nowcasting System and Its Application in North China     

Chunlin HUANG  Hongrong SHI  Ling GAO  Mengqi LIU  Qixiang CHEN  Disong FU  Shu WANG  Yuan YUAN  Xiang′ao XIA 《大气科学进展》2022,39(8):1316-1328

Surface solar irradiance (SSI) nowcasting (0–3 h) is an effective way to overcome the intermittency of solar energy and to ensure the safe operation of grid-connected solar power plants. In this study, an SSI estimate and nowcasting system was established using the near-infrared channel of Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) geostationary satellite. The system is composed of two key components: The first is a hybrid SSI estimation method combining a physical clear-sky model and an empirical cloudy-sky model. The second component is the SSI nowcasting model, the core of which is the derivation of the cloud motion vector (CMV) using the block-matching method. The goal of simultaneous estimation and nowcasting of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and direct normal irradiance (DNI) is fulfilled. The system was evaluated under different sky conditions using SSI measurements at Xianghe, a radiation station in the North China Plain. The results show that the accuracy of GHI estimation is higher than that of DNI estimation, with a normalized root-mean-square error (nRMSE) of 22.4% relative to 45.4%. The nRMSE of forecasting GHI and DNI at 30–180 min ahead varied within 25.1%–30.8% and 48.1%–53.4%, respectively. The discrepancy of SSI estimation depends on cloud occurrence frequency and shows a seasonal pattern, being lower in spring–summer and higher in autumn–winter. The FY-4A has great potential in supporting SSI nowcasting, which promotes the development of photovoltaic energy and the reduction of carbon emissions in China. The system can be improved further if calibration of the empirical method is improved.  相似文献   

欧盟减排《责任分担条例》修正案分析与启示     

刘季熠  张旖尘  张东雨  付琳  曹颖 《气候变化研究进展》2022,18(6):756-763

欧盟自1997年起就如何通过市场和行政手段“双轮驱动”控制碳排放总量进行不断探索,并逐步建立了较为成熟的碳排放交易体系及减排责任分担机制,已经取得了良好的减排效果。文中梳理分析《责任分担条例》修正案中关于成员国减排目标更新的内容、目标分配的原则与方法、灵活性机制,归纳了欧盟采用行政手段控制碳排放交易系统未涉及部门的温室气体排放的经验,并对中国如何构建充分考虑市场手段和行政手段的CO₂排放总量控制制度提出政策建议。  相似文献   

Satellite Observations of Reflectivity Maxima above the Freezing Level Induced by Terrain     

Aoqi ZHANG  Weibiao LI  Shumin CHEN  Yilun CHEN  Yunfei FU 《大气科学进展》2021,38(4):627-640

Previous studies have recognized reflectivity maxima above the freezing level(RMAF) within stratiform precipitation over mountain slopes, however, quantitative studies are limited due to the lack of adequate identification criteria. Here, we establish an identification method for RMAF precipitation and apply it to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) Precipitation Radar(PR) observations. Using the TRMM 2A25 product from 1998 to 2013, we show that the RMAF structure in reflectivity profiles can be effectively identified. RMAF exists not only in stratiform precipitation but also in convective precipitation. RMAF frequency is positively correlated with elevation, which is thought to be caused by enhanced updrafts in the middle layers of stratiform precipitation, or in the low to middle layers of convective precipitation over mountains. The average RMAF heights in stratiform and convective precipitation were 1.35 and 2.01 km above the freezing level, respectively, which is lower than previous results. In addition, our results indicate that the RMAF structure increased the echo top height and enhanced precipitation processes above the RMAF height, but it suppressed the downward propagation of ice particles and the near-surface rain rate. Future studies of orographic precipitation should take into account the impact of the RMAF structure and its relevant dynamic triggers.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal Variations of Microwave Land Surface Emissivity (MLSE) over China Derived from Four-Year Recalibrated Fengyun 3B MWRI Data     

Rui LI  Jiheng HU  Shengli WU  Peng ZHANG  Husi LETU  Yu WANG  Xuewen WANG  Yuyun FU  Renjun ZHOU  Ling SUN 《大气科学进展》2022,39(9):1536-1560

Microwave Land Surface Emissivity (MLSE) over China under both clear and cloudy sky conditions was retrieved using measurements of recalibrated microwave brightness temperatures (Tbs) from Fengyun-3B Microwave Radiation Imager (FY-3B MWRI), combined with cloud properties derived from Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) observations. The contributions from cloud particles and atmospheric gases to the upwelling Tbs at the top of atmosphere were calculated and removed in radiative transfer. The MLSEs at horizontal polarizations at 10.65, 18.7, and 36.5 GHz during 7 July 2015 to 30 June 2019 over China showed high values in the southeast vegetated area and low values in the northwest barren, or sparsely vegetated, area. The maximum values were found in the belt area of the Qinling-Taihang Mountains and the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is highly consistent with MLSEs derived from AMSR-E. It demonstrates that the measurements of FY-3B MWRI Tbs, including its calibration and validation, are reliable, and the retrieval algorithm developed in this study works well. Seasonal variations of MLSE in China are mainly driven by the combined effects of vegetation, rainfall, and snow cover. In tropical and southern forest regions, the seasonal variation of MLSE is small due to the enhancement from vegetation and the suppression from rainfall. In the boreal area, snow causes a significant decrease of MLSE at 36.5 GHz in winter. Meanwhile, the MLSE at lower frequencies experiences less suppression. In the desert region in Xinjiang, increases of MLSEs at all frequencies are observed with increasing snow cover.  相似文献   

爆发性气旋的前世今生     

傅刚  陈莅佳  李鹏远  庞华基  张树钦 《气象》2021,(3):261-273

温带气旋是中纬度地区每日天气舞台上最重要的“演员”。在秋冬季节的中高纬度海洋上有一类快速发展的温带气旋——“爆发性气旋”,尚未受到公众的广泛关注。文章围绕这一主题,首先回顾了温带气旋研究的历史,介绍了“爆发性气旋”这一术语产生的渊源,并对多位学者给出的爆发性气旋定义进行了系统梳理,重点介绍了一个考虑风速影响的、修正的爆发性气旋定义,还总结了爆发性气旋的研究现状,最后对其未来数十年的研究前景进行了阐述展望。  相似文献