Thrust tectonics in crystalline domains: The origin of a gneiss dome     

R. O. Greiling 《Journal of Earth System Science》1997,106(4):209-220

Structural geological field work, microscopic and magnetic fabric studies have been applied in order to assess the structural origin of a gneiss dome, based on a regional example from the Neoproterozoic Pan-African Belt of NE Africa, the Wadi Hafafit Culmination (WHC). The culmination is dominated by a number of major shear zones, which form both the boundaries between the gneissic core and surrounding low grade successions as well as those of minor structural units within the gneisses. These shear zones form a linked fault system, which, based on shear criteria, fault-bend fold and overall geometric interrelationships, can be classified as an antiformal stack. The relative age sequence of the shear zones/thrusts with the highest thrust oldest and the lowermost youngest points to a forward-propagating thrust system. This, together with the shear criteria, exclude an origin of the WHC as a metamorphic core complex, where the highest shear zone should be youngest. The geometry of the WHC antiformal stack is documented by maps and sections as well as section balancing and restoration. Microscopic work showed brittle deformation in feldspar and dynamic recrystallization in quartz ribbons. The asymmetry of the fabric confirmed the macroscopically determined shear sense. However, there is one example of an earlier, perhaps extensional shear movement. Mylonitic foliation and transport-parallel lineation have also been determined by magnetic fabric studies. The observations suggest that thrusts may cut across both previously folded crystalline rocks as well as homogeneous granitoid plutonic bodies. According to the regional tectonic picture the large-scale structure of the gneiss dome originated after a phase of (late-orogenic) extensional collapse. It is speculated that during late-orogenic cooling the upper part of the lithosphere was sufficiently strong to allow brittle thrusting whilst the lithosphere as a whole was still weak enough to allow large-scale compressional deformation, perhaps in a transitional stage from lateorogenic to intra-cratonic deformation.  相似文献   

江山铅锌金矿选矿试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

戴光发 《安徽地质》2015,(2):119-122

针对江山铅锌金矿品位低,矿物组成复杂的特点,采用"铅-锌-硫优先浮选,硫(金)精矿氧化焙烧预处理-焙砂氰化浸金"的工艺,金在铅(金)精矿、锌精矿、硫(金)精矿中的总回收率为81.25%。可使硫(金)精矿中96.89%的硫以二氧化硫的形式得到回收,对原矿的回收率为73.25%;金的作业浸出率达84.76%,对原矿的回收率为31.91%;浸渣中的铁品位达57.99%,对原矿的回收率为26.71%。通过试验研究与分析,确定适宜的选矿工艺及药剂制度,为今后合理开发该区矿石提供技术依据。  相似文献   

Characteristics and landcover of estuarine boundaries: implications for the delineation of the South African estuarine functional zone     

DA Veldkornet  JB Adams  L van Niekerk 《African Journal of Marine Science》2015,37(3):313-323

This study investigated whether the current lateral boundary for estuaries in South Africa, i.e. the estuarine functional zone (EFZ), includes all estuarine habitats. The EFZ covers 173 930 ha in 304 estuaries/outlets nationally. Field surveys and analysis of available aerial images showed that 82 (12 956.70 ha) of these estuaries (26%) had estuarine habitats occurring outside of this boundary. As a result of mapping scale, the National Vegetation Map does not represent habitats that are associated with small estuaries (approximately 50% of South Africa's estuaries). For estuaries in the Western and Eastern Cape provinces, most habitats have been lost due to urban development, whereas in subtropical areas (northern Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal), cultivation has removed estuarine habitat. Although delineation of boundaries can be complicated by landcover changes, the estuarine lateral boundary in Cape estuaries could be identified based on sediment characteristics (moisture content, organic content, electrical conductivity), groundwater characteristics (salinity, conductivity and depth) and plant species. The delineation of the EFZ needs to be consistent, inclusive of all estuarine physical and biological processes, and cost-effective to identify so that it can protect estuarine habitats.  相似文献   

CORS基准站周跳探测与修复方法研究     

赵亮  达朝宗  周星  吉长东  徐爱功 《测绘科学》2018,(2):24-29

在高精度GNSS测量中,周跳的存在直接影响到整周模糊度的解算及最终定位精度。针对目前各省市连续运行基准站网多系统观测数据的获取导致周跳探测工作量增加,该文基于甘肃省卫星定位连续运行基准站网(GSCORS)双频观测值提出了一种满足普遍条件的多系统周跳探测方法。采用相位减伪距结合电离层残差法分别对GPS和BDS原始观测值进行周跳探测与修复,通过对相应载波的模拟周跳探测发现,BDS较大的卫星钟差和伪距噪声影响了数据质量,其周跳检测量时间序列波动大于GPS,对7周以上周跳探测的精度较GPS会有1周的偏差,但电离层残差法能对BDS相位减伪距法探测残留的1周小周跳进行二次探测并修复。实验最终证实该方法能够有效探测并且正确分离GPS和BDS每个频率1周以上的周跳。  相似文献   

三维航标监测与管理系统的设计与实现     

张帆  达汉桥  胡明远  邱儒琼 《测绘信息与工程》2008,33(1):44-46

设计了三维航标监测与管理系统的整体框架和功能结构,研究了其涉及的若干关键技术,开发实现了系统功能.  相似文献   

Determination of directions of horizontal principal stress and identification of active faults in Kachchh (India) by electromagnetic radiation (EMR)     

Jyotirmoy Mallik  George Mathew  Thomas Angerer  Reinhard O. Greiling   《Journal of Geodynamics》2008,45(4-5):234-245

The Kachchh basin in the western India is known for its recent high seismicity. This study presents an application of the geogenic Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) technique for deciphering the directions of principal horizontal stress in the eastern Kachchh. The principal direction of horizontal stress obtained from EMR differs from those obtained from earthquake focal plane solutions. The major horizontal principal stress based on the EMR study shows an azimuth of N60°E ± 10°. The principal directions of EMR emissions are parallel to the acute bisector of conjugate microcracks. The azimuthal distribution of EMR signal and dimension of microcracks suggest that the EM emissions are transversely polarized.The study also deals with the first application of electromagnetic radiation emissions to identify active fracture planes in sandstones that could become potential active faults later, which might be seismogenic or nonseimogenic. This study is based on linear profiling at six different places across two major faults, the Kachchh Mainland Fault (KMF) and the South Wagad Fault (SWF) in the eastern Kachchh. Anomalously, high EMR emissions are observed in the eastern part of the KMF, indicating active surface deformation.  相似文献   

Influence of sedimentary setting on the use of magnetic susceptibility: examples from the Devonian of Belgium   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A.-C. DA SILVA  C. MABILLE  F. BOULVAIN 《Sedimentology》2009,56(5):1292-1306

Bulk magnetic susceptibility measurements on sedimentological samples from all geological periods have been used widely in the last two decades for correlations and as a proxy for sea‐level variations. This paper explores the link between magnetic susceptibility, depositional setting and environmental parameters. These environmental parameters include distal–proximal transects, microfacies successions and fourth‐order trends on different carbonate platform types (platform, ramp, carbonate mound or atoll) during different Devonian stages (Eifelian, Givetian and Frasnian). Average magnetic susceptibility values over a distal–proximal‐trending facies succession vary markedly with depositional setting. On carbonate platforms, average magnetic susceptibility generally increases towards the top of shallowing‐upward sequences. On a distal–proximal transect, average magnetic susceptibility is intermediate for the deepest facies, decreases for the reef belts and increases to a maximum in the back‐reef zone. In ramps and atolls, magnetic susceptibility trends clearly differ; average magnetic susceptibility generally decreases towards the top of shallowing‐upward sequences and is highest in the deepest facies. The strong relationship between magnetic susceptibility, facies and sequences implies a strong environmental influence. However, the different responses in the different platform types suggest that sea‐level changes leading to variation in detrital input is not the only parameter controlling average magnetic susceptibility values. Other primary or secondary processes also probably influenced magnetic mineral distribution. Primary processes such as carbonate production and water agitation during deposition are probably key factors. When carbonate production is high, the proportion of magnetic minerals is diluted and the magnetic susceptibility signal decreases. High water agitation during deposition will also selectively remove magnetic minerals and will lead to low average magnetic susceptibility values. These parameters explain the lowest values observed on the reef platform, inner ramp and atoll crown, which are all in areas characterized by higher carbonate production and greater water agitation during deposition. The lowest values observed in the lagoon inside the atoll crown can be related to detrital isolation by the atoll crown. However, other parameters such as biogenic magnetite production or diagenesis can also influence the magnetic signal. Diagenesis can change magnetism by creating or destroying magnetic minerals. However, the influence of diagenesis probably is linked strongly to the primary facies (permeability, amount of clay or organic matter) and probably enhanced the primary signal. The complexity of the signal gives rise to correlation problems between different depositional settings. Thus, while magnetic susceptibility has the potential to be an important correlation tool, the results of this investigation indicate that it cannot be used without consideration of sedimentary processes and depositional environments and without strong biostratigraphical control.  相似文献   

甘南玛曲沼泽湿地土壤微生物量、理化因子与土壤酶活的关系   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

牛世全  李君锋  杨婷婷  达文燕  杨建文  宁应之  姚健 《冰川冻土》2010,32(5)

对甘南玛曲沼泽湿地6个样地的微生物量与土壤酶活性及其土壤理化性质之间的关系进行了研究.结果表明:纤维素酶活性在冬季达到高峰,其余5种土壤酶活性分别在春季和秋季达到高峰;硝化细菌数量与过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶有较显著的负相关关系;微生物量与酶活性之间存在极显著相关关系,其中微生物量因子中的放线菌、氨化细菌、硝化细菌和土壤酶活性因子中的酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、中性磷酸酶是引起相关性的主要因素;酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤含水率、pH值、硝态氮含量、氨态氮含量都有密切的关系,过氧化氢酶活性可以通过有机质的含量来反映,脲酶活性可以通过土壤的含水率来反映,碱性磷酸酶活性可以通过电导率来反映.  相似文献   

基于OrthoVista的数字正射影像快速成图的方法研究     

答星 《测绘通报》2011,(8):54-56

以武汉市东湖国家自主创新示范区的正射影像生产工程为例,阐述利用德国InPhO公司的O rthoV ista软件制作正射影像图的方法,并结合生产流程中的部分环节,提出了若干快速成图的方法。  相似文献   

2010年青海玉树M_S7.1地震灾害的综合特征          下载免费PDF全文

齐文华  苏桂武  魏本勇  达杰  尕松拉达  才旦卓玛 《地震地质》2011,33(3)

根据3次赴青海玉树MS7.1地震灾害现场进行的考察和调查,结合对当地自然环境和人文与社会经济条件的分析,从地震致灾成害、应急救援和恢复重建等多种角度,总结分析了玉树7.1级地震灾害在正反两个方面的一些整体特点。致使灾情严重和加大救援与重建难度的特点是:地震震中与居民点间的叠加效应和灾害分布的构造控制效应明显,灾害严重,灾区广大,重灾区集中;环境恶劣,高寒缺氧,救灾难度大;建筑物抗震能力低,破坏严重;生命线系统单薄而脆弱,生命线震害的连带影响大;城镇人口建筑密集,缺乏避难场地;民众受教育水平低,语言不通,交流困难,防震减灾知识匮乏,影响救灾效率。利于减轻灾害影响和利于应急救援与恢复重建的特点主要是:民众自有帐篷多且游牧民族习惯于帐篷生活,便于安置,并能很快适应;宗教氛围浓郁,当地僧侣和寺院在抗震救灾阶段发挥了重要作用,在恢复重建过程中,宗教信仰在精神层面的影响将更加持久、深远。初步归纳总结了减轻青藏高原地区地震灾害的部分经验与启示。  相似文献