高光谱影像数据预处理技术评价     

孙婷张立朝  唐汉松 《测绘科学与工程》2007,27(1):59-62

高光谱影像数据预处理是构建高效的影像数据库以及实现地理目标成分信息反演与地理目标识别的基础。本文从反射率演算、光谱微分技术以及高光谱影像数据的降维处理等三个方面对高光谱影像数据预处理进行了研究。实现了基于高光谱影像的反射率反演算法，针对高光谱遥感数据影像分辨率比较低的现状，提出了直方图均衡化、色调平衡、对比度调整等影像处理算法，并给出了实验结果。  相似文献   

基于纠错编码的小波域自适应盲水印算法     

耿迅  龚志辉  张春美  黄艳 《测绘学院学报》2007,(3)

提出了一种小波域自适应盲水印算法,并采用(7,4)汉明码技术进行纠错编码。以伪随机二值序列作为水印,采用中值系数抖动的方法将水印嵌入到小波变换后的低频分量,并且根据小波域系数间隔的大小自适应地确定水印量化步长,水印检测过程不需要原始图像的参与。实验结果表明,算法的自适应性强,具有较好的不可见性,且可以有效地抵抗JPEG压缩、锐化、加噪、模糊和缩放等攻击。  相似文献   

初夏孟加拉湾低压与云南雨季开始期   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘瑜  赵尔旭  黄玮  朱勇  杨淑群 《高原气象》2007,26(3):572-578

通过对46年(1961—2006年)的初夏(4月21日~5月31日)孟加拉湾低压的研究,发现影响云南雨季开始期的初夏孟加拉湾低压系统源地大致位于9°~12°N,88°~91°E之间,较强的低压系统从源地移出后分别沿着两条路径影响云南,这两条路径对应着不同强弱的南亚高压环流。初夏孟加拉湾低压出现频率与云南雨季开始早晚有明显的负相关关系。前期3月中南半岛附近海域的对流强(弱),则有(不)利于初夏孟加拉湾地区产生低压系统。初夏孟加拉湾低压与前期南印度洋海温呈负相关,当南印度洋海温下降(上升)时,有(不)利于孟加拉湾地区对流加强、低压系统生成。  相似文献   

新疆一次秋季暴雪天气的诊断分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄海波  徐海容 《高原气象》2007,26(3):624-629

利用常规气象资料和诊断分析的方法,对2003年9月28日发生在新疆乌鲁木齐等地一次暴雪天气过程进行了研究。结果表明:伊朗副热带高压的东西摆动、南北振荡引起的中亚地区大气环流的剧烈变化是暴雪天气产生的大尺度背景;高空西南急流诱发的强上升运动和对流层低层天气尺度系统之间强烈的相互作用是暴雪天气形成的动力因子;干冷空气的侵入有利于干层的形成和维持,干层的存在使水汽和不稳定能量得以累积,增加了降水过程的对流不稳定性,有利于强降水天气的发生、发展和加强。  相似文献   

Long-Term Trend and Abrupt Change for Major Climate Variables in the Upper Yellow River Basin   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

ZHAO Fangfang  XU Zongxue  HUANG Junxiong 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2007,21(2):204-214

On the basis of the mean air temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration, and pan evaporation from 23 meteorological stations in the upper Yellow River Basin from 1960 to 2001, the feasibility of using hypothesis test techniques to detect the long-term trend for major climate variables has been investigated. Parametric tests are limited by the assumptions such as the normality and constant variance of the error terms. Nonparametric tests have not these additional assumptions and are better adapted to the trend test for hydro-meteorological time series. The possible trends of annual and monthly climatic time series are detected by using a non-parametric method and the abrupt changes have been examined in terms of 5-yr moving averaged seasonal and annual series by using moving T-test (MTT) method, Yamamoto method, and Mann-Kendall method. The results show that the annual mean temperature has increased by 0.8℃in the upper Yellow River Basin during the past 42 years. The warmest center was located in the northern part of the basin. The nonlinear tendency for annual precipitation was negative during the same period. The declining center for annual precipitation was located in the eastern part and the center of the basin. The variation of annual precipitation in the upper Yellow River Basin during the past 42 years exhibited an increasing tendency from 1972 to 1989 and a decreasing tendency from 1990 to 2001. The nonlinear tendencies for annual sunshine duration and pan evaporation were also negative. They have decreased by 125.6 h and 161.3 mm during the past 42 years, respectively. The test for abrupt changes by using MTT method shows that an abrupt wanning occurred in the late 1980s. An abrupt change of the annual mean precipitation occurred in the middle 1980s and an abrupt change of the mean sunshine duration took place in the early 1980s. For the annual mean pan evaporation, two abrupt changes took place in the 1980s and the early 1990s. The test results of the Yamamoto method show that the abrupt changes mostly occurred in the 1980s, and two acute abrupt changes were tested for the spring pan evaporation in 1981 and for the annual mean temperature in 1985. According to the Mann-Kendall method, the abrupt changes of the temperature mainly occurred in the 1990s, the pan evaporation abrupt changes mostly occurred in the 1960s, and the abrupt changes of the sunshine duration primarily took place in the 1980s. Although the results obtained by using three methods are different, it is undoubted that jumps have indeed occurred in the last four decades.  相似文献   

Effect of Atmospheric Haze on the Deterioration of Visibility over the Pearl River Delta   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

WU Dui  BI Xueyan  DENG Xuejiao  LI Fei  TAN Haobo  LIAO Guolian  HUANG Jian 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2007,21(2):215-223

The studies on the effect of atmospheric aerosol on climate and environment are hot issues in the current circle of international science and technology. In recent years the pollution of aerosol is getting worse and worse over the Pearl River Delta. The clouds of aerosol occur all year round, with heavy pollution area located at the western side at the mouth of Pearl River. The haze weather mainly occurs from October to April next year, resulting in visibility deterioration. From the beginning of 1980s, visibility dramatically deteriorated, obviously increasing haze weather, in which there are three big fluctuations, showing the periods of pollutions of dust, sulphate and dust, fine particle from photochemical process and sulphate and dust accompanying with the development of economy respectively. The long-term tendency of visibility caused by fog and light fog does not show a tendency due to human activities or economic development, which mainly shows the interannual and interdecadal variation of climate. The deterioration of visibility has close relation to the fine particles over Pearl River Delta, with half of PM10 overpass the limited value set by national second graded standard (150μg m-3), meanwhile, all values of PM2.5 overpass the day-mean limited value of American national standard (65μg m-3), especially from October to January next year, monthly mean values of PM2.5 almost reach two times of standard value, indicating the fine particle concentration is very high. The ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 is also very high, reaching 58%-77%, higher especially in dry season than in rainy season. Thus it is the fine particle pollution in aerosol pollution over the Pearl River Delta. Compared with the data of 15 years ago, the ratio of fine particle to aerosol has obviously increased.  相似文献   

2004年初春武汉机场临近的两次强雷暴天气过程分析     

黄艳芳 《湖北气象》2007,26(1):73-77

使用常规地面和高空原始报文资料,采用最优插值法,对2004年4月29日出现在武汉天河机场临近的两次强雷暴天气过程进行了客观诊断分析。结果表明:两次强雷暴天气,前一次为典型的飑线天气过程,后一次为超级雷暴单体天气过程;高空槽、冷锋、中尺度低值系统是当天两次强雷暴天气的触发机制;低空深厚湿层(水汽丰富)、高低空存在急流强风带对当日飑线天气的形成和发展较为有利,强的不稳定层结、强的环境风垂直切变以及上层干、下层湿的湿度层结对当天超级雷暴单体的形成和发展十分有利。  相似文献   

陕西省2006年气候影响评价     

田武文  雷向杰  黄祖英 《陕西气象》2007,(3):26-29

2006年陕西年平均气温全省大部异常偏高,根据全省29个气象站的资料统计,有20站突破了建站以来的历史最高记录。年降水量全省大部属正常年份,降水时空分布不均,北部和南部偏少,中部接近常年或略偏多;冬季偏多,春季偏少,夏季大部接近常年同期,秋季偏少;暴雨日数及强度接近常年,全省无大面积洪涝事件发生。苹果花期冻害强度大、范围广、危害重,为严重花期冻害级别;盛夏陕南中西部遭遇严重干旱,干旱程度居50 a以来第3位;10—11月气候异常偏暖使部分地区的冬小麦出现冬前旺长现象。2006年属一般年景。  相似文献   

亚澳季风各子系统气候学特征的异同研究 II. 夏季风水汽输送   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

陈际龙  黄荣辉 《大气科学》2007,31(5):766-778

利用1979~2002年的ERA-40和NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料以及CMAP降水资料探讨了亚澳季风各夏季风子系统(南亚夏季风、东亚夏季风、北澳夏季风)水汽输送的气候学特征及其与夏季降水的关系。分析表明:各夏季风子系统水汽输送通量主要取决于低层季风气流,南亚夏季风和北澳夏季风以纬向水汽输送为主,而东亚夏季风有很强的经向水汽输送。分析也证实,亚澳季风区的夏季风降水主;要源于水汽输送的辐合,而且ERA-40资料对夏季风水汽输送辐合的描述能力强于NCEP/NCAR资料。此外,受低层季风气流结构的影响,三夏季风子系统水汽输送辐合的动力机理存在明显差异,南亚夏季风和北澳夏季风的水汽输送辐合主要由低层西风气流的风场辐合所造成,而东亚夏季风的水汽输送辐合则由低层南风气流的风场辐合和季风湿平流共同作用造成。因此,东亚夏季风降水有别于南亚夏季风降水和北澳夏季风降水。  相似文献   

"派比安"在阳江不同地区的风场特征及防风问题   总被引：1，自引：13，他引：1  

黄小丹  周武 《广东气象》2007,29(2):26-28

利用阳江海岸线上不同下垫面梯度风观测塔在“派比安”过程中所取得的资料,探讨登陆热带气旋在不同下垫面的垂直风场特点以及防台措施。分析发现,平原地区各层风速较稳定,随“派比安”的移近而增大,远离而减小,风随高度成指数增长,在v<20 m/s时,80 m的10 m in平均风速与10 m的最大风速相当;背风面风速扰动大,很有可能在热带气旋靠近时出现风速减小现象;迎风坡出现大风时间长,最大风速比背风面和平原地区都大。迎风坡和背风面在台风环状下沉运动带影响时,高层和地面10 m in平均风速相差较小,而平原地区并没有这一特征。根据弗洛斯特(Frost)风速随高度变化的经验公式,近地层风速垂直切变指数n在平原地区稳定,风随高度的对应关系好。台风登陆前所有下垫面的n都出现突增现象。阵风系数受下垫面和周围环境影响大。  相似文献