Epithermal gold-siver deposits in the western United States: time-space products of evolving plutonic, volcanic and tectonic environments     

Byron R. Berger  Harold F. Bonham Jr. 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1990,36(1-3)

The western United States has been the locus of considerable subaerial volcanic and plutonic igneous activity since the mid-Mesozoic. After the destruction of the Jurassic-Cretaceous magmatic arc-trench system, subduction was re-established in the Late Mesozoic with low-angle underthrusting of the oceanic plate beneath western North America. This resulted in crustal shortening during the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary and removal of the mantle lithosphere west of the Rocky Mountains. Commencing in the Eocene, flat subduction ceased, the volcanic arc began to re-establish itself along the continental margin, and the hingeline along the steepening subducting plate migrated from east to west. The crust east of the migrating hingeline was exposed to hot asthenosphere, and widespread tectonics and volcanic activity resulted. Hydrothermal activity accompanied the volcanism resulting in numerous epithermal gold-silver deposits. The temporal and spatial distributions of epithermal deposits in the region are therefore systematic and can be subdivided into discrete time intervals which are related to widespread changes in magmatic activity. Time intervals selected for discussion are Pre-Cenozoic, 66-55 Ma, 54-43 Ma, 42-34 Ma, 33-24 Ma, 23-17 Ma, and <17 Ma. Many of these intervals contain both sedimentary-rock and two varieties of volcanic-rock hosted deposits (adularia-sericite and alunite-kaolinite ± pyrophyllite). Continental rifting is important to the formation of deposits, and, within any given region, it is at the initiation of deep rifting that alunite-kaolinite ± pyrophyllite type epithermal deposits are formed. Adularia-sericite type deposits are most common, being related to all compositions and styles of volcanic activity. Therefore, the volcano-tectonic context of the western United States provides a unified framework in which to understand and explore for epithermal type deposits.  相似文献   

PMBP萃取分离桑色素荧光法测定地质样品中痕量钪   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郎庆勇  李连仲 《岩矿测试》1990,9(2):103-107

在磺基水杨酸存在下,以1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯酰基吡唑酮-5(PMBP)萃取,5％HBr反萃取,桑色素荧光法可灵敏、快速、准确地测定地质样品中痕量Sc。λ_(ex)为420nm,λ_(em)为500nm,测定下限为0.02μg/ml,0—8μg Sc/10ml同相对荧光强度呈线性。  相似文献   

Temperature and pressure determinations in the Venus atmosphere by means of high-resolution spectra from 1 to 2.5 μm     

Karl E. Dierenfeldt  Uwe Fink  Harold P. Larson 《Icarus》1977,31(1):11-24

Twenty-one bands of CO₂ and the 2-0 band of CO were analyzed for best temperature and pressure fits from Venus spectra obtained with the “Connes” interferometer at the Steward Observatory 2.25-m telescope during the spring of 1971. An average temperature of 241 ± 7°K, an effective pressure of 0.12 ± 0.06 atm, and an average two-way transmission abundance of 3 km-amagat were determined. No difference in temperature or pressure between hot bands, a double hot band, and regular bands was found. Our results were compared to model calculations for a reflecting layer and scattering atmosphere. The results indicate that, most likely, spectroscopic line formation occurs in a relatively clear space above a scattering cloud layer with a reasonably well-defined upper boundary.  相似文献   

Speckle interferometry as a method for detecting nearby extrasolar planets     

Harold A. McAlister 《Icarus》1977,30(4):789-792

The applicability of the technique of speckle interferometry to the problem of detecting faint planetary and stellar objects around nearby stars is considered. Direct resolution could not be expected to reveal planetary objects, although many faint stellar objects should be detectable with a speckle camera of large dynamic range. The most promising possibilities lie with the approximately 100 nearby visual binaries with separations ?3 arcsec. Continued speckle interferometric observation of these systems could detect perturbations with amplitudes similar to those detectable by an ideal astrometric telescope. A simple scheme for measurement the fringe spacing in the composite spatial frequency power spectrum of the visual binary Eta Orionis indicates that relative separations with accuracies of 0″.002 in each coordinate are attainable. Use as reference stars of faint background stars lying within the isoplanatic patch of a nearby star is also considered.  相似文献   

Old age and extinction in fossils     

W.D. Lang 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》1919,30(3):102-113

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Toxic chemicals and abnormalities in fish and shellfish from urban bays of puget sound     

Donald C. Malins  Bruce B. McCain  Mark S. Myers  Donald W. Brown  Albert K. Sparks  Joseph F. Morato  Harold O. Hodgins 《Marine environmental research》1984,14(1-4)

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Elementary properties of internal Rossby waves in a two-layer ocean with a uniform current     

Harold Solomon 《Journal of Oceanography》1975,31(6):265-268

The elementary properties of internal Rossby waves in a horizontally infinite two-layer ocean with a uniform east-west current, apparently not previously reported in the literature, are documented.  相似文献   

Recent sedimentation,northeastern Port Valdez,Alaska     

Harold D. Palmer 《Geo-Marine Letters》1981,1(3-4):207-212

Sediments accumulating on the northeastern shore of Port Valdez, a fjord leading to Prince William Sound in southern Alaska, are derived from both deltaic and alluvial fan processes. The resulting thick wedge of Recent silts, sands, shells and gravels lies atop irregular ridges of local graywacke bedrock and scattered till deposits. Seismic reflection profiling augmented by soil borings indicates that rapid infilling and upbuilding has occurred at this site. Evidence of slumping suggests general instability of steep submarine slopes in an area characterized by strong earthquakes and large tidal ranges.  相似文献   

Variations of silver in the sea water around Monaco     

Rinnosuke Fukai  Lang Huynh-Ngoc 《Journal of Oceanography》1971,27(3):91-101

Silver determinations in the sea-water around Monaco were carried out using a procedure consisting of preconcentration of silver with lead sulfide, followed by dithizone extraction and spectrophotometric mono-colour measurement of silver-dithizonate. The average concentration of silver in the surface sea-water around Monaco was found to be 0.14Μg Ag/l. It was also concluded that observed variations of silver content in seawater were not related to the fresh water run-off from the neighbouring coast. This suggests that the variations have to be attributed to some other factor or a combination of factors. On the basis of the observed values of the silver content of the Var River water, an upper limit of silver supply by fresh waters into the sea-area around Monaco is estimated to be 2.3Μg Ag per liter of fresh water. Considering the mixing of the fresh water with sea-water, an increase of up to 0.09Μg Ag/l in the sea-water might be expected. The fact that the increase of silver in the sea-water was not observed in connection with the fresh-water mixing suggests that some effective removal process of silver may be in operation at the immediate vicinity of the injection of fresh-water into the sea.  相似文献   

Topographic analyses of K*lauea Volcano, Hawai'i, from interferometric airborne radar     

Scott K. Rowland  Mary E. MacKay  Harold Garbeil  Peter J. Mouginis-Mark 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1999,61(1-2):1-14

 We analyze digital topographic data collected in September 1993 over a ∼500-km² portion of K*lauea Volcano, Hawai'i, by the C-band (5.6-cm wavelength) topographic synthetic aperture radar (TOPSAR) airborne interferometric radar. Field surveys covering an ∼1-km² area of the summit caldera and the distal end of an ∼8-m-thick 'a'* flow indicate that the 10-m spatial resolution TOPSAR data have a vertical accuracy of 1–2 m over a variety of volcanic surfaces. After conversion to a common datum, TOPSAR data agree favorably with a digital elevation model (DEM) produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), with the important exception of the region of the ongoing eruption (which postdates the USGS DEM). This DEM comparison gives us confidence that subtracting the USGS data from TOPSAR data will produce a reasonable estimate of the erupted volume as of September 1993. This subtraction produces dense rock equivalent (DRE) volumes of 392, 439, and 90×10⁶ m³ for the Pu'u '*'*, K*pa'ianah*, and episode 50–53 stages of the eruption, respectively. These are 124, 89, and 94% of the volumes calculated by staff of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) but do not include lava of K*pa'ianah* and episodes 50–53 that flowed into the ocean and are thus invisible to TOPSAR. Accounting for this lava increases the TOPSAR volumes to 124, 159, and 129% of the HVO volumes. Including the ±2-m uncertainty derived from the field surveys produces TOPSAR-derived volumes for the eruption as a whole that range between 81 and 125% of the USGS-derived values. The vesicularity- and ocean-corrected TOPSAR volumes yield volumetric eruption rates of 4.5, 4.5, and 2.7 m³/s for the three stages of the eruption, which compare with HVO-derived values of 3.6, 2.8, and 2.1 m³/s, respectively. Our analysis shows that care must be taken when vertically registering the TOPSAR and USGS DEMs to a common datum because C-band TOPSAR penetrates only partially into thick forest and therefore produces a DEM within the tree canopy, whereas the USGS DEM is adjusted for vegetation. Received: 28 April 1998 / Accepted: 1 February 1999  相似文献