Simulation of the 2004 tsunami of Les Saintes in Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles) using new source constraints     

Cordrie  Louise  Gailler  Audrey  Escartin  Javier  Feuillet  Nathalie  Heinrich  Philippe 《Natural Hazards》2020,103(2):2103-2129

Natural Hazards - The arc of the Lesser Antilles is associated with a significant tectonic activity due to the subduction of the Atlantic oceanic plate under the Caribbean plate. Earthquakes in...  相似文献   

The ALICE instrument and the measured cosmic ray elemental abundances     

J.A. Esposito  E.R. Christian  V.K. Balasubrahmanyan  L.M. Barbier  J.F. Ormes  R.E. Streitmatter  B. Acharya  B. Luzietti  A. Hesse  U. Heinbach  W. Heinrich  M. Henkel  C. Pfeifer  M. Simon 《Astroparticle Physics》1992,1(1)

A Large Isotopic Composition Experiment (ALICE) is a balloon-borne spectrometer which can determine the elemental and isotopic composition of galactic cosmic rays with energies near 1 GeV/nucleon. ALICE was flown from Prince Albert, Canada in August 1987, and remained at float altitude (120000 feet) for 14.7 hours. In this paper, we describe the experimental methods and analysis which will be used for subsequent isotopic analysis. We obtained very precise charge resolution over the entire designed range: 0.10 and 0.16 charge units at neon and iron, respectively. Results on the galactic cosmic ray abundances and absolute fluxes of the elements from neon through nickel are reported.  相似文献   

Leonard Medal Citation for John T. Wasson     

Heinrich Wanke 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1993,28(1):12-13

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The effect of pH and ionic strength on proton adsorption by the thermophilic bacterium Anoxybacillus flavithermus     

Peta-Gaye Burnett  Hannah Heinrich  Phil J. Bremer  Christopher J. Daughney 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2006,70(8):1914-1927

Numerous studies have utilized surface complexation theory to model proton adsorption behaviour onto mesophilic bacteria. However, few experiments, to date, have investigated the effects of pH and ionic strength on proton interactions with thermophilic bacteria. In this study, we characterize proton adsorption by the thermophile Anoxybacillus flavithermus by performing acid-base titrations and electrophoretic mobility measurements in NaNO₃ (0.001-0.1 M). Equilibrium thermodynamics (Donnan model) were applied to describe the specific chemical reactions that occur at the water-bacteria interface. Acid-base titrations were used to determine deprotonation constants and site concentrations for the important cell wall functional groups, while electrophoretic mobility data were used to further constrain the model. We observe that with increasing pH and ionic strength, the buffering capacity increases and the electrophoretic mobility decreases. We develop a single surface complexation model to describe proton interactions with the cells, both as a function of pH and ionic strength. Based on the model, the acid-base properties of the cell wall of A. flavithermus can best be characterized by invoking three distinct types of cell wall functional groups, with pK_a values of 4.94, 6.85, and 7.85, and site concentrations of 5.33, 1.79, and 1.42 × 10⁻⁴ moles per gram of dry bacteria, respectively. A. flavithermus imparts less buffering capacity than pure mesophilic bacteria studied to date because the thermophile possesses a lower total site density (8.54 × 10⁻⁴ moles per dry gram bacteria).  相似文献   

Major and trace-element composition and pressure–temperature evolution of rock-buffered fluids in low-grade accretionary-wedge metasediments, Central Alps     

George D. Miron  Thomas Wagner  Markus Wälle  Christoph A. Heinrich 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,165(5):981-1008

The chemical composition of fluid inclusions in quartz crystals from Alpine fissure veins was determined by combination of microthermometry, Raman spectroscopy, and LA-ICPMS analysis. The veins are hosted in carbonate-bearing, organic-rich, low-grade metamorphic metapelites of the Bündnerschiefer of the eastern Central Alps (Switzerland). This strongly deformed tectonic unit is interpreted as a partly subducted accretionary wedge, on the basis of widespread carpholite assemblages that were later overprinted by lower greenschist facies metamorphism. Veins and their host rocks from two locations were studied to compare several indicators for the conditions during metamorphism, including illite crystallinity, graphite thermometry, stability of mineral assemblages, chlorite thermometry, fluid inclusion solute thermometry, and fluid inclusion isochores. Fluid inclusions are aqueous two-phase with 3.7–4.0 wt% equivalent NaCl at Thusis and 1.6–1.7 wt% at Schiers. Reproducible concentrations of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, B, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Sb, Cl, Br, and S could be determined for 97 fluid inclusion assemblages. Fluid and mineral geothermometry consistently indicate temperatures of 320 ± 20 °C for the host rocks at Thusis and of 250 ± 30 °C at Schiers. Combining fluid inclusion isochores with independent geothermometers results in pressure estimates of 2.8–3.8 kbar for Thusis, and of 3.3–3.4 kbar for Schiers. Pressure–temperature estimates are confirmed by pseudosection modeling. Fluid compositions and petrological modeling consistently demonstrate that chemical fluid-rock equilibrium was attained during vein formation, indicating that the fluids originated locally by metamorphic dehydration during near-isothermal decompression in a rock-buffered system.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Investigation of the geochemical impact of CO2 on shallow groundwater: design and implementation of a CO2 injection test in Northeast Germany     

Anita Peter  Hendrik Lamert  Matthias Beyer  Götz Hornbruch  Ben Heinrich  Alexandra Schulz  Helmut Geistlinger  Bernd Schreiber  Peter Dietrich  Ulrike Werban  Carsten Vogt  Hans-Hermann Richnow  Jochen Großmann  Andreas Dahmke 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(6):2123-2123

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The Lance Insertion Retardation meter (LIRmeter): an instrument for in situ determination of sea floor properties—technical description and performance evaluation     

Sebastian Stephan  Norbert Kaul  Heinrich Villinger 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2012,33(3):209-221

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Leaf Surface Wettability and Implications for Drop Shedding and Evaporation from Forest Canopies     

W. Konrad  M. Ebner  C. Traiser  A. Roth-Nebelsick 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2012,169(5-6):835-845

Wettability and retention capacity of leaf surfaces are parameters that contribute to interception of rain, fog or dew by forest canopies. Contrary to common expectation, hydrophobicity or wettability of a leaf do not dictate the stickiness of drops to leaves. Crucial for the adhesion of drops is the contact angle hysteresis, the difference between leading edge contact angle and trailing edge contact angle for a running drop. Other parameters that are dependent on the static contact angle are the maximum volume of drops that can stick to the surface and the persistence of an adhering drop with respect to evaporation. Adaption of contact angle and contact angle hysteresis allow one to pursue different strategies of drop control, for example efficient water shedding or maximum retention of adhering water. Efficient water shedding is achieved if contact angle hysteresis is low. Retention of (isolated) large drops requires a high contact angle hysteresis and a static contact angle of 65.5°, while maximum retention by optimum spacing of drops necessitates a high contact angle hysteresis and a static contact angle of 111.6°. Maximum persistence with respect to evaporation is obtained if the static contact angle amounts to 77.5°, together with a high contact angle hysteresis. It is to be expected that knowledge of these parameters can contribute to the capacity of a forest to intercept water.  相似文献   

3-D Inversion of MT Data for Imaging Deformation Fronts in NW Poland     

Katarzyna Ślęzak  Waldemar Jóźwiak  Krzysztof Nowożyński  Heinrich Brasse 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2016,173(7):2423-2434

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Empirical-statistical downscaling and error correction of regional climate models and its impact on the climate change signal   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

Matthias Jakob Themeßl  Andreas Gobiet  Georg Heinrich 《Climatic change》2012,112(2):449-468

Realizing the error characteristics of regional climate models (RCMs) and the consequent limitations in their direct utilization in climate change impact research, this study analyzes a quantile-based empirical-statistical error correction method (quantile mapping, QM) for RCMs in the context of climate change. In particular the success of QM in mitigating systematic RCM errors, its ability to generate “new extremes” (values outside the calibration range), and its impact on the climate change signal (CCS) are investigated. In a cross-validation framework based on a RCM control simulation over Europe, QM reduces the bias of daily mean, minimum, and maximum temperature, precipitation amount, and derived indices of extremes by about one order of magnitude and strongly improves the shapes of the related frequency distributions. In addition, a simple extrapolation of the error correction function enables QM to reproduce “new extremes” without deterioration and mostly with improvement of the original RCM quality. QM only moderately modifies the CCS of the corrected parameters. The changes are related to trends in the scenarios and magnitude-dependent error characteristics. Additionally, QM has a large impact on CCSs of non-linearly derived indices of extremes, such as threshold indices.  相似文献