Long-term fluctuations in fish recruit abundance in the western Wadden Sea in relation to variation in the marine environment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Philippart  Catharina J. M.; Lindeboom  Han J.; van der Meer  Jaap; van der Veer  Henk W.; Witte  Johannes IJ. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1996,53(6):1120-1129

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Crustal accretion in the Pan African: Nd and Sr isotope evidence from the Arabian Shield     

Henk J. Duyverman  Nigel B.W. Harris  Chris J. Hawkesworth 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1982,59(2):315-326

Nd and Sr isotope determinations on late Precambrian to early Palaeozoic igneous and sedimentary rocks from the Arabian Shield are used to investigate the proportion of reworked “older” crust, and the rate at which new crust was generated during the Pan African event. Eight Rb/Sr whole rock isochrons on igneous suites yield ages in the range 770?590 Ma and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.7038?0.7023. These data confirm that magmatism in this area was largely restricted to the period 850-550 Ma, and the initial ratios are sufficiently low to preclude significant contributions from a long-lived upper crustal source. The initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios of a variety of lithologies, including several samples of possible “basement”, are all higher than the contemporaneous values for CHUR (ε_Nd = +1.6 to +6.9), suggesting that many were derived directly from the upper mantle, and that any inferred crustal source regions for the remainder could not have separated from likely LREE-depleted mantle reservoirs before 1200 Ma. The Arabian Shield therefore provides an example of rapid crustal growth during the Late Proterozoic, and contrasts with the Damara intracratonic belt of Namibia where Nd and Sr isotopes provide strong evidence for extensive reworking of older continental crust during the same period.  相似文献   

Characterization of coal maceral concentrates by curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry     

Henk L.C. Meuzelaar  Alice M. Harper  Ronald J. Pugmire  Jirina Karas 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1984,4(2):143-171

A set of 30 maceral concentrates consisting of 5 exinites (sporinites), 14 vitrinites and 11 inertinites (fusinites and semifusinites) was analyzed by Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry in combination with computerized multivariate statistical analysis techniques. Seventeen samples, representing sink/flotation concentrates of 7 different coals, were obtained through the British National Coal Board, whereas the remaining samples represent cesium-chloride density-gradient centrifugation fractions of two different U.S. coals prepared at the University of Utah.It is found that vitrinites, (semi)fusinites and, to some extent, sporinites show qualitatively similar rank-related changes, such as a decrease in dihydroxybenzene signals and an increase in napthalene signals with increasing rank. In fact, the overall pyrolysis MS patterns of inertinities show a close similarity to those of vitrinites of corresponding carbon content (as obtained from higher rank coals).Notwithstanding these similarities, however, the presence of basic differences in maceral structure is indicated by relatively minor but characteristic peak series in the liptinite (sporinite) as well as inertinite samples. Whereas inertinite spectra show relatively pronounced peak series at the high mass end of the spectrum which can be tentatively identified as representative of polynuclear aromatic compounds, sporinites are characterized by series of branched aliphatic and/or alicyclic polyenic hydrocarbons, possibly representing isoprenoids and related biomarker compounds.  相似文献   

Metamorphism of siliceous dolomites at Naxos,Greece     

J. Ben H. Jansen  Anton H. van de Kraats  Henk van der Rijst  Roelof D. Schulung 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1978,67(3):279-288

Siliceous dolomitic marbles at Naxos, Greece, are crystallized in a range of metamorphic temperatures, estimated from 350 to 700 °C and a total pressure of about 6 kb. A number of low variant assemblages of this rock-system have been studied. The sequence of these metamorphic assemblages is a function of increasing metamorphism, and this is in agreement with other fielddata and with experimental data for the chemical system CaO-MgO-SiO₂-H₂O-CO₂ (-HF). The composition of the associated fluid inclusions may be considered reasonably correct in the light of experimentally obtained X _CO2 values for the mineral equilibria, extrapolated for a total pressure of about 6 kb at the interpolated temperatures at the sample locations.  相似文献   

Consequences of foreland basin development on thinned continental lithosphere: Application to the Aquitaine basin (SW France)     

Pascal Desegaulx  Henk Kooi  Sierd Cloetingh 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1991,106(1-4)

We present an analysis of the consequences of foreland basin development on thinned continental lithosphere, inherited from pre-orogenic phases of extension. Bathymetry at the transition from pre-orogenic extensional basin to foreland basin and compaction of pre-orogenic sediments contribute to the accommodation space for foreland basin sediments and thrust loads. In addition, the extension-induced transient thermal state of the lithosphere, results in ongoing thermal subsidence, and a flexural rigidity which changes through time. Quantitative modelling of the phase of extension and the foreland basin stage of the Aquitaine basin (southern France) shows that the inherited transient thermal state of the lithosphere contributes significantly to (1) the total foreland basin depth and width, (2) the post-compressional subsidence history, and (3) the cratonward onlap pattern. Accounting for the thermo-mechanical effects of pre-orogenic extension significantly reduces the estimates of both the flexural rigidity (30–43% for the Aquitaine basin) and the required topographic or thrust load (40% for the Aquitaine basin) at foreland basins. Emplacement of thrust loads below sea level, as expected in a pre-orogenic extensional basin setting, further reduces the required topographic load. This sheds light on the wide range of flexural rigidity values reported for continental lithosphere from foreland basin modelling studies, and explains, in many instances, the inferred ‘hidden load’ or subsurface load in flexural modelling studies at foreland basins. The present study has shown that pre-orogenic extension phases significantly affect the record of vertical motion and the stratigraphy of the Aquitaine basin and is probably important for foreland basin evolution in general.  相似文献   

High integrated fluid rock ratios during metamorphism at Naxos: evidence from carbon isotopes of calcite in schists and fluid inclusions     

J. Ben H. Jansen  Henk Van der Rijst  Robert O. Rye  Paul A. M. Andriessen  Danny M. Rye 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1989,103(1):123-126

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Some consequences of compressional tectonics for extensional models of basin subsidence     

Henk Kooi  Sierd Cloetingh 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1989,78(1):183-195

Changes in intraplate stress levels have important consequences for the stratigraphy of rifted basins and provide a tectonic explanation for the generation of sequence boundaries. Late-stage compressional phases during the post-rift evolution of basins produce unconformities, with offlap phases that increase in magnitude with the age of the rifted basin. Late-stage compression has not only a strong bearing on the generation of unconformities, but also induces significant downbending of the centre of a basin. Ignorance of the vertical motions of the lithosphere induced by late-stage compression during post-rift evolution can, therefore, give rise to substantial errors in the estimates of crustal extension derived from analysis of basement subsidence using stretching models. Consequently, late-stage compression can be of great significance in estimates of depth and timing of the hydrocarbon-window inferred from extensional models of basin subsidence. Quantification of the subsidence induced by post-rift compression has important implications for integrated models of basin subsidence and hydrocarbon generation.

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Zusammenfassung Unterschiede in platteninternen Streß-Niveaus haben entscheidende Auswirkungen für die Stratigraphie von Rift-Becken und liefern eine tektonische Erklärung für die Erzeugung von Sequenzgrenzen. Späte kompressive Phasen während der post-Rift-Entwicklung von Becken erzeugen Umkonformitäten mit offlap-Phasen, deren Ausmaß mit dem Alter des Rift-Beckens steigt. Entscheidende Fehlerquellen in der Abschätzung der Krustendehnung können darauf basieren, daß die durch späte Kompression während der post-Rift-Entwicklung ausgelösten Vertikalbewegungen der Lithosphäre ignoriert werden. Das Ausmaß der Krustendehnung wird durch Analysen der Basement-Subsidenz mit Hilfe von Dehnungsmodellen entwickelt. Die Quantifizierung der Subsidenz, die von der post-Rift-Kompression gesteuert wird, hat also wichtige Bedeutungen für Extensionsmodelle von Beckensubsidenz.

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Résumé Les changements dans la distribution des contraintes à l'intérieur des plaques ont des répercussions importantes sur la stratigraphie dans les bassins de rift et fournissent une explication tectonique de la limitation latérale des séries. Des épisodes compressifs tardifs, qui marquent l'évolution postrift des bassins, sont à l'origine de lacunes dans lesquelles l'importance des phases régressives augmente avec l'áge du bassin. Les mouvements verticaux de la lithosphère induits par ces épisodes tardifs de compression n'étant pas connus, il peut en résulter des erreurs non négligeables dans l'estimation de l'allongement crustal, telle qu'elle est déduite de la valeur de la subsidence du socle dans des modèles d'extension. Dans ces conditions, l'évaluation quantitative de la subsidence produite par les compressions post-rift doit être prise en considération dans l'élaboration des modèles qui rendent compte de la subsidence des bassins par les processus d'extension.

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Allogenic forcing of the late Quaternary Rhine–Meuse fluvial record: the interplay of sea-level change, climate change and crustal movements     

Jakob Wallinga †  Torbjörn E. Törnqvist‡  Freek S. Busschers§¶  Henk J. T. Weerts¶ 《Basin Research》2004,16(4):535-547

The Rhine–Meuse system in the west‐central Netherlands is a continental‐scale fluvial system bordered by an extremely wide continental shelf. Consequently, late Quaternary eustatic sea‐level changes have resulted in dramatic shoreline displacements, by as much as 800 km. In addition, changes in climate have been severe, given the latitudinal and palaeogeographic setting of the Rhine–Meuse system. We investigated the relative importance of these allogenic controls on fluvial aggradation and incision during the last two glacial–interglacial cycles. We used optical dating of quartz from ～30 samples in a cross‐section perpendicular to the palaeoflow direction, allowing us to correlate periods of aggradation and incision with independent records of sea‐level change, climate change and glacio‐isostatic crustal movements. We found the long‐term aggradation rate to be ～8 cm kyr^?1, a value similar to previous estimates of tectonic subsidence rates in the study area. Several excursions from this long‐term aggradation trend could be identified for the last glacial–interglacial cycle. Dry climatic conditions with relatively high sediment supply induced aggradation during oxygen‐isotope stages (OIS) 4 and 3. Build‐up of a glacio‐isostatic forebulge during OIS 2 is a likely cause of incision around the Last Glacial Maximum, followed by an aggradation phase during forebulge collapse. Sea‐level highstands during OIS 5 have likely resulted in the aggradation of coastal prisms, but only minor, basal estuarine deposits have been preserved because these coastal prisms were prone to erosion during ensuing sea‐level falls. Overall, the sedimentary record is dominated by strata formed during time intervals when the study area was completely unaffected by sea‐level control, and our evidence shows that the falling‐stage systems tract has the highest preservation potential. Our study highlights the importance of considering the complex interplay of both upstream and downstream controls to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of basin‐margin successions.  相似文献   

Resonance properties of a closed rotating rectangular basin subject to space- and time-dependent wind forcing     

Wen L. Chen  Pieter C. Roos  Henk M. Schuttelaars  Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher 《Ocean Dynamics》2015,65(3):325-339

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Three-dimensional semi-idealized model for tidal motion in tidal estuaries     

Mohit Kumar  Henk M. Schuttelaars  Pieter C. Roos  Matthias Möller 《Ocean Dynamics》2016,66(1):99-118

In this paper, a three-dimensional semi-idealized model for tidal motion in a tidal estuary of arbitrary shape and bathymetry is presented. This model aims at bridging the gap between idealized and complex models. The vertical profiles of the velocities are obtained analytically in terms of the first-order and the second-order partial derivatives of surface elevation, which itself follows from an elliptic partial differential equation. The surface elevation is computed numerically using the finite element method and its partial derivatives are obtained using various methods. The newly developed semi-idealized model allows for a systematic investigation of the influence of geometry and bathymetry on the tidal motion which was not possible in previously developed idealized models. The new model also retains the flexibility and computational efficiency of previous idealized models, essential for sensitivity analysis. As a first step, the accuracy of the semi-idealized model is investigated. To this end, an extensive comparison is made between the model results of the semi-idealized model and two other idealized models: a width-averaged model and a three-dimensional idealized model. Finally, the semi-idealized model is used to understand the influence of local geometrical effects on the tidal motion in the Ems estuary. The model shows that local convergence and meandering effects can have a significant influence on the tidal motion. Finally, the model is applied to the Ems estuary. The model results agree well with observations and results from a complex numerical model.  相似文献