鄱阳湖流域水化学特征及影响因素分析          下载免费PDF全文

翟大兴  杨忠芳  柳青青  夏学齐  侯青叶  余涛  袁国礼  冯海艳 《地学前缘》2012,19(1):264-276

在地球表生系统中,化学风化作用强烈改变着岩石、水体、土壤和大气成分,是元素地球化学循环的最主要驱动力。河水溶解物质主要来源于流域内岩石化学风化,同时受到降水、人类活动的影响。文中通过对鄱阳湖流域河水样品的采集和化学成分分析,结合流域地质背景,研究了河水化学成分特征及其影响因素。结果显示,与20世纪80年代相比,本区河水Cl-、SO24-所占比例显著增高,有逐渐酸化趋势;与世界上其他主要河流相比较,该区Ca2+/Na+、Mg2+/Na+、HCO3-/Na+等比值偏低,反映了较强的蒸发岩溶解及人类活动影响特征。该区河水离子特征主要由岩石风化所控制,降水对该区河水溶解物质贡献率为10.3%,农业生产活动对鄱阳湖水溶解物质贡献率为4.9%,矿山活动对饶河丰水期、枯水期离子总量贡献率分别为8.9%、14.6%。  相似文献   

江西省鄱阳湖流域农田生态系统土壤Se元素含量变化研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

魏然  杨忠芳  侯青叶  尹国胜  衷存堤  邓国辉  马逸麟 《地学前缘》2012,19(1):277-284

以江西省鄱阳湖流域农田生态系统中Se元素为研究对象,以大气干湿沉降、灌溉、施肥、喷施农药为输入途径,以农作物收割、地表径流以及Se升华为输出途径对Se的生物地球化学循环规律进行研究。结果表明,鄱阳湖流域Se元素的大气干湿沉降通量密度平均值为6.90g/(hm2.a),灌溉、施肥、喷施农药通量密度明显较低,它们对土壤Se元素的富集贡献率分别为77%、20%、1%和2%。Se通过升华输出通量密度相对较小,土壤Se年净增量主要受大气干湿沉降的制约。以20cm厚的耕作土体为研究介质,经估算,当前的Se年平均通量密度可引起土壤Se质量分数升高0.007mg/kg。20a后研究区富硒土壤将由目前5 960km2增加至6 672km2。研究中未考虑天降水下渗问题,这对中国南方土壤中元素的地球化学行为有非常重要的影响。  相似文献   

西昆仑北缘库斯拉甫一带中元古代岩浆活动及地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

黄建国  杨瑞东  杨剑  崔春龙  侯兰杰 《地质科学》2012,(3):867-885

西昆仑北缘库斯拉甫一带侵入前寒武纪结晶基底(Ch)的中元古代两期岩体,早期以喀特列克岩体为代表,年龄为1 567 Ma,晚期以阿孜巴勒迪尔岩体为代表,年龄为1 423 Ma。早期岩体(δoPt)具有贫硅、高钙、中碱和准铝质等特征; 岩性主要为钙碱性石英闪长岩,岩石稀土总量为168.4×10^-6～374.38×10^-6、轻重稀土比值为9.3～18.23,中等负铕异常(δEu=0.53～0.82)。晚期岩体(ηγPt)具有富硅、高碱、富钾、强过铝质和全铁含量高等特征; 岩性主要为碱性二长花岗岩,岩石具高的10⁴*Ga/Al比值(3.01～3.5),很高的REE含量(375.68×10^-6～1 075.46×10^-6),高LREE/HREE(7.07～16.87)和高(La_N/Yb_N)(8.32～25.2)及强烈负Eu异常(δEu=0.25～0.31)。通过对两期岩体(δoPt和ηγPt)同位素年龄、矿物学、岩石化学、微量元素及稀土元素等特征系统地研究,认为西昆仑北缘在中元古代发生两次明显的岩浆-构造事件,早期事件(δoPt的侵位)与兴地运动(Ⅰ幕)有关; 晚期事件(ηγPt的侵位)在时间及区域上与兴地运动(Ⅱ幕)比较吻合; 早期岩浆(δoPt)可能存在部分幔源物质的加入,显示Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征,可能属于造山期后花岗岩类; 晚期岩浆(ηγPt)可能经历过下地壳的部分熔融或较高程度的分异演化过程,属于A2型花岗岩的范畴。两期岩浆活动可能为古塔里木板块的固结-裂解提供了新的证据及裂解模式的补充。  相似文献   

江苏赣榆县石桥片麻岩地球化学和锆石U-Pb年龄          下载免费PDF全文

袁亚娟  夏斌  张玉泉  夏连泽  李贺 《地质科学》2014,(1):214-225

通过野外和室内研究结果表明,石桥片麻岩是由沉积岩变质组成。在化学成分上,表现为高硅（SiO₂=75.22%～76.42%）、低铝（Al₂O₃=11.02%～12.29%）、富碱（Na₂O+K₂O=8.00%～8.68%）和贫钙（CaO=0.30%～0.82%）,富集Rb、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,贫Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti 等高场强元素,以及轻稀土相对富集（LREE/HREE=6.06～7.14）、铕负异常较明显（δEu=0.18～0.56）等。通过锆石成因类型及定年研究,获得超高压变质作用时间为254 Ma和退变质作用时间为217 Ma,老核（继承锆石）岩浆碎屑锆石是异地多时代（元古代-古生代）,其寄主岩的原岩为沉积岩,时代不会早于古生代。  相似文献   

内蒙古哈达门沟金矿床成矿年代学研究     

侯万荣 《地质与勘探》2014,50(Z1):1213-1223

乌拉山-大青山成矿带为华北板块北缘重要的金多金属成矿带,其中产出有哈达门沟-柳坝沟大型金矿床,金矿床成矿时代和构造背景一直存在争议,长期被认为是中生代构造岩浆活动产物,最近在哈达门沟金矿床深部发现了与金共生的石英脉型和钾化蚀变岩型钼矿化,笔者等利用Re-Os同位素分析方法,首次对与含金黄铁矿共生的辉钼矿进行了年代学研究。4件辉钼矿Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为386.6±6.1Ma（MSWD=1.18）,加权平均年龄为386.4±2.7Ma（MSWD=0.55）,初始187Os值为-0.02±0.41 ng/g。根据辉钼矿的年龄,并且结合其它地质证据,可以推测,哈达门沟地区金矿化发生的事件可追溯到早泥盆世,属海西早期构造-岩浆活动事件,而矿区北部西沙德盖钼矿获得辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为226.4±3.3Ma,钼矿床形成于三叠纪,说明乌拉山地区内至少存在两期钼矿化,其中早期钼矿化与金矿化同时发生,且以金矿化为主,上述数据的取得,对重新认识该区金（钼）矿成矿作用及区域地质演化历史有着重要的理论和实际意义。  相似文献   

青海湖沙柳河流域土壤水氢氧稳定同位素组成与土壤贮水量关系北大核心CSCD     

侯瑶芳  曹生奎  曹广超  王志刚  王有财  康利刚 《中国沙漠》2022,42(6):153-164

氢氧稳定同位素技术和土壤贮水量是探究区域土壤水分特征的有效手段。基于青海湖沙柳河流域土壤水氢氧稳定同位素组成(δ2H和δ^(18)O)和土壤贮水量数据,分析其在流域的空间分布特征,探讨土壤水氢氧稳定同位素组成和土壤贮水量之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)沙柳河流域土壤水δ^(18)O值从西北向东南呈现富集—贫化—富集的趋势;土壤水d-excess值在流域南部最低,在流域东北部支流上游地区最高。(2)土壤贮水量在流域空间分布上表现为北高南低的趋势。(3)土壤水δ^(18)O值、d-excess值与土壤贮水量间存在分段线性关系。当0—30 cm各土层土壤贮水量≤30 mm时,各土层土壤贮水量与土壤水δ^(18)O值分别显著负相关、与d-excess值显著正相关。青海湖沙柳河流域自然地理环境和植被特征的空间差异导致其土壤水氢氧稳定同位素组成和土壤贮水量表现出明显的空间变异性。温度变化对土壤水氢氧稳定同位素组成与土壤贮水量之间的相关性影响是通过其对土壤蒸发作用的影响来实现的。  相似文献   

山西长治南部经坊煤矿奥陶系峰峰组水文地质条件分析     

张晓亮  景剑峰  侯玉新  梁兵 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(1):34-38

经坊煤矿目前开采的山西组3号煤层逐步枯竭,矿井设计开采太原组8、9、14、15号煤层。奥陶系峰峰组是太原组煤层底板的间接充水含水层。以往大多数勘查成果得出该地区峰峰组岩溶裂隙发育较差,富水性弱-中等的结论,以至于个别矿井在奥灰带压开采危险性评价时甚至将其视为相对隔水层。因此,查明峰峰组的水文地质特征是太原组煤层能否实现安全带压开采的关键。通过岩心采取、抽水试验和水化学分析等多种手段的勘查认为:该地区峰峰组富水性普遍较强,处于主径流带附近富水性极强。该研究对于长治南部地区供水勘查和太原组煤层安全带压开采具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000364     

Wei Ju  Guiting Hou 《地学前缘(英文版)》2014,5(1):83-93

The South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions of Central Asia are located in the southwestern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.The formation of South Tianshan Orogen was a diachronous,scissors-like process,which took place during the Palaeozoic,and its western segment was accepted as a site of the fnal collision between the Tarim Craton and the North Asian continent,which occurred in the late Palaeozoic.However,the post-collisional tectonic evolution of the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions remains debatable.Based on previous studies and recent geochronogical data,we suggest that the fnal collision between the Tarim Craton and the North Asian continent occurred during the late Carboniferous.Therefore,the Permian was a period of intracontinental environment in the southern Tianshan and adjacent regions.We propose that an earlier,small-scale intraplate orogenic stage occurred in late Permian to Triassic time,which was the frst intraplate process in the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions.The later largescale and well-known Neogene to Quaternary intraplate orogeny was induced by the collision between the India subcontinent and the Eurasian plate.The paper presents a new evolutionary model for the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions,which includes seven stages:(I)late Ordovicianeearly Silurian opening of the South Tianshan Ocean;(II)middle Silurianemiddle Devonian subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean beneath an active margin of the North Asian continent;(III)late Devonianelate Carboniferous closure of the South Tianshan Ocean and collision between the Kazakhstan-Yili and Tarim continental blocks;(IV)early Permian post-collisional magmatism and rifting;(V)late PermianeTriassic the frst intraplate orogeny;(VI)JurassicePalaeogene tectonic stagnation and(VII)NeoceneeQuaternary intraplate orogeny.  相似文献   

Simulation of CO2 plume movement in multilayered saline formations through multilayer injection technology in the Ordos Basin,China     

Hejuan Liu  Zhengmeng Hou  Patrick Were  Yang Gou  Xiaoling Sun 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(10):4447-4462

Deep saline aquifers still remain a significant option for the disposal of large amounts of CO₂ from the atmosphere as a means of mitigating global climate change. The small scale Carbon Capture and Sequestration demonstration project in Ordos Basin, China, operated by the Shenhua Group, is the only one of its kind in Asia, to put the multilayer injection technology into practice. This paper aims at studying the influence of temperature, injection rate and horizontal boundary effects on CO₂ plume transport in saline formation layers at different depths and thicknesses, focusing on the variations in CO₂ gas saturation and mass fraction of dissolved CO₂ in the formation of brine in the plume’s radial three-dimensional field around the injection point, and interlayer communication between the aquifer and its confining beds of relatively lower permeability. The study uses the ECO2N module of TOUGH2 to simulate flow and pressure configurations in response to small-scale CO₂ injection into multilayer saline aquifers. The modelling domain involves a complex multilayer reservoir–caprock system, comprising of a sequence of sandstone aquifers and sealing units of mudstone and siltstone layers extending from the Permian Shanxi to the Upper Triassic Liujiagou formation systems in the Ordos Basin. Simulation results indicate that CO₂ injected for storage into deep saline aquifers cause a significant pressure perturbation in the geological system that may require a long duration in the post-injection period to establish new pressure equilibrium. The multilayer simultaneous injection scheme exhibits mutual interference with the intervening sealing layers, especially when the injection layers are very close to each other and the corresponding sealing layers are thin. The study further reveals that injection rate and temperature are the most significant factors for determining the lateral and vertical extent that the CO₂ plume reaches and which phase and amount will exist at a particular time during and after the injection. In general, a large number of factors may influence the CO₂–water fluid flow system considering the complexity in the real geologic sequence and structural configurations. Therefore, optimization of a CO₂ injection scheme still requires pursuance of further studies.  相似文献   

Dynamics of willow tree (Salix matsudana) water use and its response to environmental factors in the semi-arid Hailiutu River catchment,Northwest China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Lihe Yin  Yangxiao Zhou  Jinting Huang  Jochen Wenninger  Guangcai Hou  Eryong Zhang  Xiaoyong Wang  Jiaqiu Dong  Jun Zhang  Stefan Uhlenbrook 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(12):4997-5006

Sap flow (SF)of a willow tree, meteorological variables, soil water content, and water table depth were measured during the growing period from mid-April to October, 2011 in the semi-arid Hailiutu River catchment, Northwest China. The measurements of SF showed diurnal fluctuations in sunny days and seasonal changes from 1.65 l/h in mid-April to 33 l/h in July. At hourly scale, SF is significantly correlated with net radiation, followed by air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. At daily scale, air temperature affects the dynamics of SF significantly. Daily SF correlates positively with net radiation and negatively with relative humidity. There is no correlation observed between daily SF and wind speed. The measurements of SF do not indicate water stress although the experimental period is dry. Correlation analysis shows that SF is strongly correlated with soil moisture and water table depth, indicating the willow tree uses both soil water and groundwater for transpiration.  相似文献