主成分监督分类及其在水质特征遥感图像识别中的应用   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

佘丰宁  蔡启铭 《湖泊科学》1997,9(3):261-268

建立了一种水域水质状况图像识别的主成分监督分类方法,首先通过ＴＭ水域图像数据的主成分分析,将原有各波段图谱的显著且独立的信息集中在数目尽可能少的合成图象中,再依据不同类型水体的光谱特征,分析各主成分图像的构成及其环境生态学含义,由此对整个研究区域内存在的不同标志类型及其分布特征有所了解,在此基础上,选定训练样本集,从而人有清楚的环境生态意义的标志类型,应用监督法得到较好的识别分类结果,分析表明,这  相似文献   

对吐哈盆地相邻两幅遥感图像的辐射匹配     

刘蓉蓉  李社  黄美化 《测绘与空间地理信息》2006,29(1):90-94

在ERDAS软件的支持下,对吐哈盆地相邻的两幅ETM遥感图像采用所介绍的直方图加减均值差和方差均值2种方法进行辐射匹配,并得出基于这2种方法的几点结论用于提高辐射匹配程度。同时为了降低匹配时存在的人为误差,提出了一种新的多样本均值的辐射匹配方法。最后通过对3种匹配方法的结果进行定量性检验,证明多样本均值的辐射匹配方法能达到较好的匹配效果,其匹配结果要优于前2种方法,具有可行性。笔者的目的在于:经过对不同方法的运用、对比及验证,提出了一种更为优越的辐射匹配方法———多样本均值法,以用于对吐哈盆地整体的辐射匹配。较好的匹配效果有助于对盆地内一些相关指数的准确评价和其砂岩型铀矿的分析研究。  相似文献   

Impact of land use changes on surface warming in China   总被引：29，自引：1，他引：28  

ZHANG Jingyong  DONG Wenjie  WU Lingyun  WEI Jiangfeng  CHEN Peiyan  Dong-Kyou LEE 《大气科学进展》2005,22(3):343-348

Land use changes such as urbanization, agriculture, pasturing, deforestation, desertification and irrigation can change the land surface heat flux directly, and also change the atmospheric circulation indirectly, and therefore affect the local temperature. But it is difficult to separate their effects from climate trends such as greenhouse-gas effects. Comparing the decadal trends of the observation station data with those of the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (NNR) data provides a good method to separate the effects because the NNR is insensitive to land surface changes. The effects of urbanization and other land use changes over China are estimated by using the difference between the station and the NNR surface temperature trends. Our results show that urbanization and other land use changes may contribute to the observed 0.12℃ (10 yr)- 1 increase for daily mean surface temperature, and the 0.20℃ (10 yr)- 1 and 0.03℃ (10 yr)-1 increases for the daily minimum and maximum surface temperatures, respectively. The urban heat island effect and the effects of other land-use changes mayalso play an important role in the diurnal temperature range change. The spatial pattern of the differences in trends shows a marked heterogeneity.The land surface degradation such as deforestation and desertification due to human activities over northern China, and rapidly-developed urbanization over southern China, may have mostly contributed to the increases at stations north of about 38°N and in Southeast China, respectively. Furthermore, the vegetation cover increase due to irrigation and fertilization may have contributed to the decreasing trend of surface temperature over the lower Yellow River Basin. The study illustrates the possible impacts of land use changes on surface temperature over China.  相似文献   

SASW法在粉土液化判别中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘红军  薛新华  乔社  张洪岗 《地质与勘探》2004,40(4):93-96

文章介绍了面波法(SASW法)的基本原理与测试方法,并将该方法用于判别黄河三角洲饱和粉土的液化势.通过标准贯入试验结果与瑞雷波法判别结果的对比,说明以剪切波速为土性指标的液化判别方法是一个很有前景的方法,但由于资料太少,建议继续收集液化调查资料,以发展出一个有充分根据的液化判别方法.  相似文献   

气候变化影响下极端水文事件的多变量统计模型研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

夏军  佘敦先  杜鸿 《气候变化研究进展》2012,8(6):397-402

以黄河流域太原气象站和淮河流域鲁台子水文站为研究对象,利用Copula函数构建气候要素（降水）同极端水文事件（干旱和洪水）之间的多元统计模型,分析不同降水条件下不同等级干旱和洪水的发生概率变化。结果表明,Gumbel Copula能够较好地描述太原站7月份的前期累加降水量和帕默尔干旱指数（PDSI）的相关结构。随着降水量的增加,极端干旱的发生概率逐渐减小,重旱、中旱和轻旱的发生概率则先增加后减小。Clayton Copula能够较好地描述鲁台子水文站前期累加降水量和洪峰流量之间的相关结构。当前期累加降水量大于等于某一定值时,随着年最大洪峰x的增大,发生洪峰≥x的极端洪水事件的概率逐渐减小。在同一个极端洪水发生概率下,前期累加降水量越大,洪峰流量出现大值的可能性越大。  相似文献   

扬子板块西缘石棉安顺场新元古代钾长花岗岩地球化学特征及其地质意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

朱毓  赖绍聪  赵少伟  张泽中  秦江锋 《地质论评》2017,63(5):1193-1208

扬子板块西缘新元古代岩浆活动强烈,其成因研究对探讨Rodinia超大陆的演化有着重要意义。本文对石棉安顺场钾长花岗岩形成年龄及其地球化学特征研究,结果表明锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为777.3±4.8 Ma(MSWD=0.23,2σ),代表花岗岩的结晶年龄。岩石SiO_2含量高(72.64%~76.27%),铝饱和指数A/CNK大于1(1.06~1.24),K_2O/Na_2O在1.40~2.22之间,里特曼指数σ小于3.3(2.08~2.74)。岩石轻稀土元素(LREE)富集,Nb、Ta轻微亏损,Eu负异常明显(δEu=018~0.23)。岩石的ε_(Nd)(t)为0.5~3.3(平均值为2.1),T_(DM)在1.19~1.61Ga之间,反映其源区以古老地壳物质为主。铅的初始同位素比值分别为[n(~(206)Pb)/n(~(204)Pb)]i=15.4103~17.2707,[n(~(207)Pb)/n(~(204)Pb)]i=15.4265~15.5479,[n(~(208)Pb)/n(~(204)Pb)]i=33.3518~35.8641。此外,岩石具有高的Rb/Sr比值和低的Ca O/Na2O比值、较低的Al_2O_3/TiO_2比值和低的Rb/Ba比值,表明其起源于泥质岩石的部分熔融。综合地球化学、同位素特征和区域地质资料,我们认为石棉安顺场钾长花岗岩为过铝质高钾钙碱性S型花岗岩,它是地壳泥质源岩部分熔融的产物,形成于挤压的构造环境中。  相似文献   

粘性土各向异性特性的PFC数值模拟     

高彦斌  王江锋  叶观宝  李伟  徐超 《工程地质学报》2009,17(5):638-642

本文采用PFC2D来建立能够反映粘性土微观结构的模型,对不同方向的切样分别进行剪切试验,得到不同方向上剪切的应力应变曲线、剪应变-体应变曲线,求得不同方向上的弹性模量、泊松比、体积模量和剪切模量4个参数,得到其变化规律。粘性土各个方向上剪切强度峰值强度基本沿竖直方向对称分布,呈现出由竖直方向到水平方向剪切的峰值强度由大到小的变化规律。  相似文献   

Effects of initial soil water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity variability on small watershed runoff simulation using LISEM     

Wei Hu  Dongli She  Ming'an Shao  Kwok P. Chun  Bingcheng Si 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):1137-1154

Abstract

Soil water content (θ) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) vary in space. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of initial soil water content (θ_i) and K_s variability on runoff simulations using the LImburg Soil Erosion Model (LISEM) in a small watershed in the Chinese Loess Plateau, based on model parameters derived from intensive measurements. The results showed that the total discharge (TD) and peak discharge (PD) were underestimated when the variability of θ_i and K_s was partially considered or completely ignored compared with those when the variability was fully considered. Time to peak (TP) was less affected by the spatial variability compared to TD and PD. Except for TP in some cases, significant differences were found in all hydrological variables (TD, PD and TP) between the cases in which spatial variability of θ_i or K_s was fully considered and those in which spatial variability was partially considered or completely ignored. Furthermore, runoff simulations were affected more strongly by K_s variability than by θ_i variability. The degree of spatial variability influences on runoff simulations was related to the rainfall pattern and θ_i. Greater rainfall depth and instantaneous rainfall intensity corresponded to a smaller influence of the spatial variability. Stronger effects of the θ_i variability on runoff simulation were found in wetter soils, while stronger effects of the K_s variability were found in drier soils. For accurate runoff simulation, the θ_i variability can be completely ignored in cases of a 1-h duration storm with a return period greater than 10 years, while K_s variability should be fully considered even in the case of a 1-h duration storm with a return period of 20 years.